Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations

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Cover of the 2009 NPLEX Study Guide.

The Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations (NPLEX) are professional licensing exams administered by the North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners (NABNE). Graduates of naturopathic programs accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME) are required to pass the exams before being permitted to practice naturopathic medicine in a U.S. state or Canadian province that licenses naturopaths.[1] (Some naturopaths who graduated prior to the advent of the NPLEX were licensed by examinations administered by state licensing boards.)[2]

There are concerns that the NPLEX does not test naturopathic examinees on the knowledge necessary for the practice of primary care medicine.[3][4][5][6][7] However, naturopathic advocates claim that the NPLEX is equivalent to other standard medical licensing examinations, such as the USMLE and COMLEX-USA,[3][8] but this has not been established by independent analysts due to the exam being withheld from external review.[3] Unlike the USMLE and COMLEX-USA, the NPLEX is exclusively a written, multiple-choice exam and, therefore, does not contain sections to test clinical skills on modeled patients.[7]

Performance and quality[edit]

Clinical case and questions illustrating the use of homeopathic products to treat an eight-year-old child in respiratory distress with tachypnea and gasping respiration, from 2009 NPLEX official study guide.

Very little is known about the NPLEX exam, and it has been called a mystery by those outside the naturopathic community.[3][4] No external review has been conducted on the NPLEX to assess whether examinees can safely and effectively diagnose and treat disease using established medical standards.[5] The exam has been criticized by David Gorski for testing knowledge of homeopathy, whilst serving as a legitimate certifying examination of alleged medical professionals.[6]

One section of this official study guide explains a clinical scenario of an after hours phone call to a naturopathic practitioner from a frantic mother with a child who has a severe cough and is gasping for air; the following example questions do not recommend that the mother take the child to the emergency department per the medical standard of care[9] but rather test on what homeopathic remedy should be administered.[10]

In 2005, the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies concluded that "there is little generalizable evidence that the NPLEX Part II clinical licensing examinations actually measure clinical competence" associated with the naturopathic profession.[7] The report notes that NABNE, the exam administrator, claims that other testing formats that would better evaluate clinical skills, such as using standardized patients, are not feasible.[7] In 2014, sample questions from the NPLEX Blue Print and Study Guide published by NABNE were entered into the public record of the Colorado state legislature.[11]

Part I[edit]

Part I is a biomedical sciences examination which consists of 200 multiple-choice questions.[12] Eligibility for the exam requires completion of biomedical sciences coursework at a CNME-approved naturopathic medicine program.[13] The exam is stated to cover the following topics: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pathology, and Physiology.

Part II[edit]

Part II is a three-day, examination of naturopathic clinical sciences; it includes 3 main sections and 2 electives, organized in clinical cases with several multiple-choice questions about each case.[12] The exam is stated to cover the following topics:

Clinical Elective Sections (for certificate or licensure in some U.S. states)[citation needed]

  • Acupuncture
  • Minor Surgery
  • Pharmacology (as of August 2017)

Locations[edit]

Both the Part I and Part II examinations are offered twice a year in nine locations in North America:[14][15]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Cherkin, Daniel C.; Deyo, Richard A.; Sherman, Karen J.; Hart, L. Gary; Street, Janet H.; Hrbek, Andrea; Cramer, Elaine; Milliman, Bruce; Booker, Jennifer; Mootz, Robert; Barassi, James; Khan, Janet R.; Kaptchuk, Ted J.; Eisenberg, David M. (2002). "Characteristics of Licensed Acupuncturists, Chiropractors, Massage Therapists, and Naturopathic Physicians". Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 15 (5): 378–390. PMID 12350060. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
  2. ^ Arizona Auditor General (June 2000). Performance Audit Arizona Naturopathic Physicians Board of Medical Examiners (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d Atwood IV, Kimball. C. (March 26, 2004). "Naturopathy, pseudoscience, and medicine: Myths and fallacies vs truth". Medscape General Medicine. 6 (1): 33. PMC 1140750. PMID 15208545.
  4. ^ a b "MMS Testimony in Opposition to H. 1992 and S. 1205, An Act to Create a Board of Registration in Naturopathy". Massachusetts Medical Society. Massachusetts Medical Society. Archived from the original on May 22, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  5. ^ a b Society for Science-Based Medicine (2014). Report to the Maryland Board of Physicians Naturopathic Advisory Committee: Recommendations for Naturopathic Regulation (Report). Archived from the original on January 14, 2021.
  6. ^ a b Gorski, David (February 21, 2011). "Naturopathy and Science". ScienceBasedMedicine.org. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  7. ^ a b c d 2005 Sunrise Review: Naturopathic Physicians (PDF) (Report). Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies Office of Policy, Research and Regulatory Reform. October 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  8. ^ Fleming, Sara A.; Gutknecht, Nancy C. (March 2010). "Naturopathy and the Primary Care Practice". Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 37 (1): 119–136. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2009.09.002. PMC 2883816. PMID 20189002.
  9. ^ Hermes, Britt Marie (May 22, 2016). "Naturopaths have weaseled their way into the health care system, and they want more". KevinMD. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
  10. ^ Senapathy, Kavin (May 31, 2016). "Why Is Big Naturopathy Afraid Of This Lone Whistleblower?". Forbes. US. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
  11. ^ "BILL SUMMARY for HB15-1075" (PDF). CLICS Committee Summary Database. Colorado Senate Committee on Health and Human Services. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 6, 2016.
  12. ^ a b "NPLEX Examination Overview". North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015.
  13. ^ "Eligibility Requirements". North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners. North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015.
  14. ^ "Test Sites". North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners website. Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  15. ^ "Test Sites". North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners website. Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  16. ^ a b "Test Sites | NABNE". Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2018.

External links[edit]

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