| English name |
Other names or former names |
| Maastricht |
Maastricht (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*), Mastriht (Serbian), Maseuteuriheuteu/Masŭt'ŭrihŭt'ŭ - 마스트리흐트 (Korean), Maestricht (former French, Romanian variant), Måstrek / Li Trek (Walloon), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Māstrihta (Latvian), Mastrique (Spanish), Māsutorihito - マーストリヒト (Japanese)*, Mestreech (Limburgish), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin) |
| Madrid |
Madrid (Afrikaans, Asturian, Azeri, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Maltese, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish, Turkish), Mǎdélǐ - 馬德里 (Traditional Chinese), Mǎdélǐ - 马德里 (Simplified Chinese), Madeurideu/Madŭridŭ - 마드리드 (Korean), Madhríti - Μαδρίτη (Greek), Madorīdo - マドリード (Japanese)*, Madri (Brazilian Portuguese), , Madrid - Мадрид (Bulgarian, Russian), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madride (Latvian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madril (Basque), Madrit (Old Catalan), Madryd - Мадрыд (Belarusian), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), مدريد (Arabic), मद्रीद (Hindi), مادرید (Persian) |
| Mahilyow |
Mahilyoŭ - Магілёў (Belarusian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Mogilyov - Могилёв (Russian), Molev - מאָלעװ (Yiddish), Movilău (Romanian), Moghilău (Romanian variant), Mogiliovas (Lithuanian) |
| Mainz |
Määnz (local dialect), Maghentía - Μαγεντία (Greek), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Magúncia (Catalan), Maienţa (old Romanian), Mainca (Latvian), , Maincheu/Mainch'ŭ - 마인츠 (Korean), Maintsu - マインツ (Japanese)*, Mainz (Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Meenz (former local dialect), Měiyīncí - 美因茨 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak) |
| Makedonska Kamenica |
Makedonska Kamenica (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Македонска Каменица (Macedonian) |
| Makedonski Brod |
Makedonski Brod (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Македонски Брод (Macedonian) |
| Makó |
Macǎu (Romanian), Makó (Hungarian), Makov (Slovak), Makov - מאַקאָוו (Yiddish), Makowa (German) |
| Málaga |
Málaga (German, English, Basque, French, Galician, Interlingue, Italian, Portuguese), Màlaga (Catalan), Malaga (Kabylian, Ladino, Polish), Malago (Esperanto), Malaca (Latin), مالقة (Arabic), Málaga - מאלגה (Hebrew), Málaga - 马拉加 (Chinese), Maraga - マラガ (Japanese)* |
| Malbork |
Malborg (Romanian), Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German) |
| Malmedy |
Malmedy (Dutch, French, German), Malmünde (former German) |
| Malmö |
Ellenbogen (former German), Malme (Latvian), Malmø (Danish), Malmö (Azeri, Finnish, German, Swedish, Turkish), Malmoe - 말뫼 (Korean), Malmogia (Latin), Marume - マルメ (Japanese)*, MǎěrMò - 马尔默 (simplified) 馬爾默 (traditional) (Chinese) |
| Manchester |
Manchain (Irish, Scottish Gaelic*), Maencheseuteo/Maench'esŭt'ŏ - 맨체스터 (Korean), Mamucium (Latin), Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Mànchèsītè - 曼彻斯特 (simplified) 曼徹斯特 (traditional) (Chinese), Manchéster (Portuguese), Manchesutā - マンチェスター (Japanese)*, Mankhestría - Μαγχεστρία (Greek), منچستر (Persian) |
| Mantua |
Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Maltese, Romanian, Slovak), Mantobha (Scottish Gaelic), Mantua (Dutch, German, Latin, Spanish), Màntua (Catalan), Mântua (Portuguese), Mantoba/Mant'oba - 만토바 (Korean) |
| Maribor |
Marburg an der Drau (German), Marburgo (Portuguese), Maribor (Azeri, Finnish, German, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian) |
| Mariehamn |
Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish) |
| Marktredwitz |
Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech) |
| Marseille |
Marseille (Finnish*, French*, Swedish*, Scottish Gaelic*), Marsiglia (Italian)*, Marseilla (Basque)*, Marsella (Catalan*, Spanish*), Mạc Xây or Mac-xây (Vietnamese), Marcel - Մարսել (Armenian), Mareuseyu/Marŭseyu - 마르세유 (Korean), Marsey - מרסיי (Hebrew)*, Marseilles (English variant)*, Marsejlo (Esperanto)*, Marsel (Azeri*, Marsel’ - Марсель (Russian)*, Marseļa (Latvian)*, Marselha (Portuguese)*, Marselis (Lithuanian)*, Marselj (Serbian), Marseya (Ladino)*, Marsigghia (Sicilian)*, Marsigla (Romansh), Marsilha or Marselha* (Occitan), Marsilia (Romanian)*, Marsilja (Maltese), Marsīliyā - مارسيليا (Arabic)*, Marsilya (Turkish*), Marsylia (Polish)*, Maruseiyu - マルセイユ (Japanese)*, Masalía - Μασσαλία (Greek)*, Massilia (Latin)*, مارسی (Persian), MǎSài - 马赛 (simplified) 馬賽 (traditional) (Chinese) |
| Mechelen |
Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French, Romanian), Mechelen (Dutch, Finnish), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name), Mekeln (Gronings) |
| Meißen |
Maisen - マイセン (Japanese)*, Meisene (Latvian), Meißen (German), Meissen (Dutch, English, French, Romanian), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish) |
| Melk |
Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (former German) |
| Menton |
Menton (French), Mentone (Italian) |
| Messina |
Missina (Sicilian), Messina (Azeri, Catalan, Dutch, Finnish, Irish, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic, Turkish), Mesīna (Latvian), Mesina (Spanish), Mesíni - Μεσσίνη (Greek), Messhīna - メッシーナ (Japanese)*, Messine (French), Messyna / Mesyna (Polish), Micina (Old Spanish), |
| Metz |
Divodurum (Latin), Meca (Latvian), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Méty (Czech), Metz (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian) |
| Medzhybizh |
Medschybisch (German), Medžibož - Меджибож (Russian), Medžybiž (Finnish), Medžybiž - Меджибіж (Ukrainian), Mezbizh - מעזביזש (Yiddish), Międzybórz (Polish) |
| Miercurea-Ciuc |
Csíkszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German) |
| Mikkeli |
Mikkeli (Finnish), Sankt Michel (Swedish) |
| Mikulov |
Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German) |
| Milan |
Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Irish, Italian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Mailand (German), Majland (Old Hungarian), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana - Μεδιόλανα (former Greek), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Afrikaans, Dutch), Milan (Azeri, French, Friulian, German, Maltese, Milanese, Slovene), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Mǐlán - 米兰 (simplified) 米蘭 (traditional) (Chinese), Milāna (Latvian), Milanas (Lithuanian), Milano - Милано (Bulgarian), Miláno - Μιλάνο (Greek), Milánó (Hungarian), Miláno (Slovak), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese), Milaun (Romansh), Millano - 밀라노 (Korean), Mirano - ミラノ (Japanese)*, میلان (Persian) |
| Minsk |
Miensk - Менск (classical Belarusian), Minseukeu/Minsŭk'ŭ - 민스크 (Korean), Minsk (Azeri, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish), Minsk - Мінск (Belarusian), Minsk - Минск (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Minsk - מינסק (Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k - Мінськ (Ukrainian), Minska (Latvian), Minskas (Lithuanian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minsuku - ミンスク (Japanese)*, Minszk (Hungarian), مینسک (Persian), MíngSīKè - 明斯克 (simplified) 明斯克 (traditional) (Chinese), Mionsc (Irish, alternate Scottish Gaelic*) |
| Miskolc |
Miskolc (Hungarian, Finnish), Miškolc (Serbian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish), Mişcolţ (Romanian) |
| Moineşti |
Moineşti (Romanian), Mojnest (Hungarian) |
| Modena |
Modena (Dutch, English, German, Irish, Italian, Scottish Gaelic), Modène (French), Módena (Portuguese, Spanish), Mòdena (Catalan), Mutina (Latin), MōDiǎnNà - 摩德納 (simplified) 摩典納 (traditional) (Chinese) |
| Monaco |
Munegu (Monegasque), Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Mônaco (Brazilian Portuguese), Mónàgē - 摩納哥 (Traditional Chinese), Mónàgē - 摩纳哥 (Simplified Chinese), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Azeri, Basque, Bosnian, Croatian, Esperanto, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Monakó - (Hungarian) Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monegue (Occitan), Monoecus (Latin), Manaka - Манака (Belarusian), Monako - モナコ (Japanese)*, Monako - Монако (Bulgarian), Monako/Monak'o - 모나코 (Korean), Mónec (Old Catalan) |
| Mons |
Berg (Limburgish), Bergen (Afrikaans*, Dutch, German), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (Afrikaans variant, French, Romanian), Mont (Walloon) |
| Monschau |
Monschau (German), Montjoie (French) |
| Montbéliard |
Mömpelgard (former German), Montbéliard (French, Romanian) |
| Monza |
Montsch (former German), Montsa - モンツァ (Japanese)*, Monza (Italian, Maltese) |
| Morąg |
Mohrungen (German), Morąg (German, Polish) |
| Moscow |
Moskva (Azeri, Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Hebrew, Icelandic, Norwegian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish), Moskva - Москва (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Lithuanian), Maskva - Масква (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscau (Romansh), Moscó (Irish), Moscou (Catalan, French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscovo (European Portuguese), Moscú (Spanish), Mosgo/Moscobha (Scottish Gaelic) *, Moska (Maltese), Mosekao (Hawaiian), Mòsīkē - 莫斯科 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Moskau (German), Móskha - Μόσχα (Greek), Moskou (Afrikaans, Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva - Մոսկվա (Armenian), Moskve - מאָסקװע (Standard written Yiddish), Moskiv - מאָסקעװ (spoken Southeastern Yiddish), Moskeve - מאָסקעװע (spoken Central Yiddish), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Indonesian, Polish), Mosukuwa - モスクワ (Japanese)*, Moszkva (Hungarian), موسكو Mūskū (Arabic), Matxcơva or Mạc Tư Khoa (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), Moseukeuba/Mosŭk'ŭba - 모스크바 (Korean), مسکو (Persian) |
| Mosonmagyaróvár |
Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German) |
| Motovun |
Montona (Italian), Motovun (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian) |
| Mouscron |
Moeskroen (Dutch), Mouscron (French) |
| Mścisłaŭ |
See Amścisłaŭ |
| Mukacheve |
Mucacevo (Romanian), Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian, Serbian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh - מינקאַטש (Yiddish), Muncaci (Romanian variant), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German) |
| Mulhouse |
Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (Finnish, French, Romanian), Mylhúzy (Czech), Miluza (Polish), Milouzi - Μυλούζη (Greek) |
| Munich |
Minca (Romansh), Minga (Bavarian), Minhen (Bosnian, Serbian), Minhene (Latvian), Minkhn - מינכן (Yiddish); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Myunkhen - Мюнхен (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Mnichów (old Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho - Μόναχο (Greek), Monakovo (old Slovene), München (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Low Saxon, modern Slovene, Swedish, Scottish Gaelic *), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Munic (Catalan), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Mùníhēi - 慕尼黑 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Munique (Portuguese), Mûnik (Walloon), Munikh (Armenian), Muunsjen (Gronings), Myunhen - ミュンヘン (Japanese)*, Mwinhen - 뮌헨 (Korean), مونیخ (Persian) |
| Munster |
Munster (French *, German*), Münster im Elsaß (German*) |
| Münster |
Minstere (Latvian), Münster (German, Romanian, Turkish), Meuster (Walloon), Monastyr (Polish) |
| Murcia |
Murcia (Spanish, English, German), Múrcia (Catalan), Murcie (French), Mursiya (Arabic) |
| Murmansk |
Moermansk (Afrikaans and Dutch), Mureumanseukeu/Murŭmansŭk'ŭ - 무르만스크 (Korean), Mourmansk (French), Murmanska (Latvian), Murmansk - Мурманск (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Murmansk (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Múrmansk (Icelandic), Murmańsk (Polish), Murmanskas (Lithuanian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Murumansuku - ムルマンスク (Japanese)*, Muurmanni or Muurmanski (former Finnish), Muurmansk or Murmansk (Finnish), Muurman or Murmánska (Sami), Romanov-on-Murman (former name) |
| Mykolaiv |
Mikołajów (Polish), Mykolaiv - Миколаїв (Ukrainian), Mykolajiv (Finnish), Nikolayev - Николаев (Russian) |
| English Name |
Other names or former names |
| Nakhchivan |
Naxçıvan (Azeri), Nahçıvan (Turkish), Nakhijevan - Նախիջեվան (Armenian), Nexcivan - نخچيڤان (Kurdish), an Nacaiseaváin (Irish, Scottish Gaelic), Naktchevan (French), Nachitschewan (German), Nachitsjevan (Dutch), Nakhcivan (Italian), Nakhtxivan (Catalan), Najicheván (Spanish), Nakichevan (Portuguese), Nachitjevan (Swedish), Nakhitsjevan (Norwegian, Danish), Nahicseván (Hungarian), Nahitševan (Finnish), Nahhitševan (Estonian), Nakhichevan’ - Нахичевань (Russian), Nakhichevan’ - Нахічевань (Ukrainian), Nachiczewan (Polish), Nachičevan (Czech, Slovak), Nakhchivan - Нахчиван (Serbian), Nākhjāvān - نخجوان (Persian), Nakhchevani - ნახჭევანი (Georgian), Nakitseván - Νακιτσεβάν (Greek), Nakhchivan Ceety (Scots)*, Nakhitshevan - נחיצ'יבאן (Hebrew), Nakhitshifan - ناخيتشيفان (Arabic), Nākhtshewān - ܢܚܛܫܘܢ (Syriac), Nagsh-e Jahān - نقش جهان (former Persian) |
| Namur |
Namen (Dutch, former German), Nameur (Walloon), Namur (French, German, Romanian) |
| Nancy |
Nancy (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian), Nanzeg (Luxembourgish), Nanzig (old German) |
| Nantes |
Nangteu/Nangt'ŭ - 낭트 (Korean), Nánti - Νάντη (Greek), Nantes (Dutch, French), Nanto - ナント (Japanese)*, Naoned (Breton)*, Naunnt (Gallo) |
| Naoussa |
Náousa - Νάουσα (Greek), Negush - Негуш (Macedonian, Bulgarian), Ağostos (Turkish) |
| Naples |
Napule (Neapolitan), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Norwegian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish), Napels (Afrikaans, Dutch), Naples (French, Scots*), Napli (Maltese), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Nápoli - Νάπολη (modern Greek), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápols (Aragonese), Nápoly (Hungarian), Nābūlī (Arabic), Napolli/Nap'olli - 나폴리 (Korean), Napori - ナポリ (Japanese)*, Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German, Swedish), Neapelj (Slovene), Neapol (Azeri, Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol’ - Неаполь (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (Latvian, old Romanian), Neapolis (Latin, Lithuanian), Neápolis - Νεάπολις (ancient Greek), 拿坡里 (Chinese), Neapol - Неапол (Bulgarian) |
| Narbonne |
Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Spanish), Narbonne (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian) |
| Narvik |
Narviika (Northern Sami), Narbhaig (Scottish Gaelic), Victoriahavn (former name 1887–98), Nareubikeu/Narŭbik'ŭ - 나르비크 (Korean) |
| Navahrudak |
Naugardukas (Lithuanian), Navahradak - Наваградак (Belarusian, archaic), Nowogródek (Polish), Novogrudok - Новогрудок (Russian) |
| Negotino |
Negotino (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Неготино (Macedonian) |
| Neuchâtel |
Neuchâtel (French, Romanian), Neuenburg (German) |
| Newcastle upon Tyne |
An Caisteal Nuadh (Scottish Gaelic*), An Caisleán Nua (Irish), Nova Castra (Latin), Newcastle upon Tyne (Dutch *, French*, German*, Italian*, Polish*, Scots*, Spanish*, Welsh*), 纽卡素 (Chinese) |
| Newport (Monmouthshire) |
Casnewydd (Welsh*, Irish, Scottish Gaelic), Novus Burgus (Latin) |
| Newport (Pembrokeshire) |
Trefdraeth (Welsh) |
| Nice |
Niça (Catalan*, Occitan), Nice (French*, Portuguese*, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish*, Welsh* ), Nizza (Italian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian, Maltese), Nica (Latvian, Lithuanian*, Slovene*), Nica or Nitsa - Ница (Belarusian, Bulgarian*, Serbian*), Nicaea (Latin)*, Nitstsa - Ницца (Russian)*, Nicea (Polish)*, Nico (Esperanto)*, Níkea - Νίκαια (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian)*, Nissa (Piedmontese, Occitan variant*, Provençal), Nīsu - ニース (Japanese)*, Niza (Spanish)*, Niseu/Nisŭ - 니스 (Korean), 尼斯 (Chinese), نیس (Persian) |
| Nicosia |
Lefkoşa (Turkish), Lefkosía - Λευκωσία (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nikoshia - ニコシア (Japanese)*, Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikósie / Lefkósie (Czech), Nikosija (Latvian, Maltese, Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Lithuanian, Serbian, Slovene), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nikosia/Nik'osia - 니코시아 (Korean), an Niocóis (Irish) |
| Nieuweschans |
Bad Neuschanz (German), Nieuweschans (Dutch), Schaanze/Nijschaanze (Gronings) |
| Nijmegen |
Nijmege (Limburgish), Nijmegen (Dutch*, Romanian), Nimega (Catalan, Italian, Spanish), Nimègue (French), Nîmegue (Walloon), Nimwege (local dialect), Nimwegen (German), Noviomago (Portuguese*), Noviomagus, Oppidum Batavorum and Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum (Latin *), نایمیخن (Persian) |
| Niort |
Niort (France,Spanish,Portuguese,German,Finnish,Italian,Polish,Romanian), Novioritum (Latin), ニオール|- (Japonese), Ньор (Russian)
|
| Niš |
Nis / Nisch (German), Nis / Nish (English, French), Niš - Ниш (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Niš (Slovak, Slovene), Niŝo (Esperanto), Nisz (Polish), Nix (Asturianu) |
| Nivelles |
Nijvel (Dutch), Nivilles (French), Nisch (German), |
| Nizhny Novgorod |
Gorky (former name 1932–90), Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian, Turkish), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nižni Novgorod (Finnish, Serbian, Slovene), Nižni Noŭharad - Ніжні Ноўгарад (Belarusian), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižnij Novgorod (Czech), Ņižņijnovgoroda (Latvian), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish), Nyizsnyij Novgorod (Hungarian) |
| Novi Sad |
Neoplanta (Latin), Neusatz (German), Novi Sad (Azeri, Romanian, Slovene), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Bulgarian, Ruthenian, Serbian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian), Novisada (Latvian), Nový Sad (Czech, Slovak), Nowy Sad (Polish), Újvidék (Hungarian) |
| Nowy Sącz |
Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Sandz - סאַנדז (Yiddish) |
| Nuoro |
Nugoro (Sardinian), Nuoro (Italian) |
| Nuremberg |
Nürnberg (Estonian, Finnish, German, Russian, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish), Näöreberg (Limburgish), Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Nirnberg (Serbian), Nirnberga (Latvian), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian), Norimberg (Slovak, Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Nuremberg (Scots*), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürenberg (Romanian), Nwireunbereukeu/Nwirŭnberŭk'ŭ - 뉘른베르크 (Korean), Nyurumberuku - ニュルンベルク (Japanese)*, نورمبرگ (Persian) |
| English Name |
Other names or former names |
| Obernai |
Oberehnheim (German*), Obernai (French*, German*) |
| Óbuda (now part of Budapest) |
Alt-Ofen or Alt-Buda (German*), Buda (Polish), Buda (Veche) (Romanian), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech) |
| Odessa |
Ades - אַדעס (Yiddish), Hacıbey (obsolete Turkish), Odhisós - Οδησσός (Greek), Odesa (Latvian, Romanian, Turkish), Odesa - Одеса (Bulgarian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Oděsa (Czech), Odessa (Azeri, Polish, Turkish variant), Odessa - Одесса (Russian), Odesa - 오데사 (Korean), Odessza (Hungarian) |
| Ohrid |
Akhrídha - Αχρίδα (Greek variant), Ochryda (Polish), Ocrida (Italian), Ohër (Albanian), Ohri (Turkish), Ohrid - Охрид (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian), Ohrid (Slovenie), Okhrídha - Οχρίδα (Greek). Older Graeco-Illyrian names include Dyassarites, Lychnis, Lychnidos |
| Olbia |
Olbia (Italian), Tarranoa (Corsican), Terranoa (Sardinian), Terranova Pausania (former Italian) |
| Oldenburg |
Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian), Oldenbörg (Gronings), Ollenborg (Low Saxon) |
| Olkusz |
Hilcus (Latin), Ilkenau (German 1942–45), Ilkusz (former Polish), Olkusch (German), Olkusz (Polish) |
| Olomouc |
Olmütz (German), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech, Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium, Iuliomontium or Olomucium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish), Alamóc (old Hungarian) |
| Olsztyn |
Allenstein (German), Olštinas (Lithuanian), Olsztyn (Polish), Ol'štyn - Ольштын (Russian) |
| Oneşti |
Oneşti (Romania), Onyest (Hungarian) |
| Opatija |
Abbazia (Italian, Austrian German), Opatija (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Sankt Jakobi ( German, historic) |
| Opava |
Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German) |
| Opole |
Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German) |
| Oradea |
Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian, Polish), Oradea-Mare (former Romanian), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish), Veliki Varadin - Велики Варадин (Serbian) |
| Oranienburg |
Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German), Oranienburg (German) |
| Oristano |
Aristanis (Sardinian), Oristán (Spanish), Oristano (Italian), Oristany (Catalan) |
| Osijek |
Esseg (former German), Eszék (Hungarian), Mursa (Latin), Osek (Slovene), Osijek (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Swedish), Osijekas (Lithuanian), Osiek (Polish), Osijek - Осијек (Serbian), โอซีเยค (Thai) |
| Oslo |
Oslo (Azeri, Indonesian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Latvian, Maltese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Scots *, Scottish Gaelic *, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Asloa (Latin), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624–1925), Oseullo/Osŭllo - 오슬로 (Korean), Kristiania (late version of former name), Oslas (Lithuanian), Osló (Irish), Ósló (Icelandic), Osuro - オスロ (Japanese)*, Ūslū (Arabic), 奧斯陸 (Chinese), اسلو (Persian) |
| Osnabrück |
Osnabrugge (Dutch alternate), Osnabrück (Dutch, German, Romanian),Osnabruque (Portuguese), Osnebrog (Gronings) |
| Ostend |
Oostende (Dutch, Irish*, Scottish Gaelic), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Ostándi - Οστάνδη (Greek), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostendė (Lithuanian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostinde (Walloon) |
| Östersund |
Östersund (Swedish), Østersund (Danish, Norwegian), Luvlieluspie (Southern Sami) |
| Ostrava |
Ostrau (German), Ostrava (Czech, Slovak, Slovene), Ostrawa (Polish), Ostrava - Острава (Bulgarian) |
| Ostróda |
Ostróda (Polish), Osterode (German) |
| Ostrów Wielkopolski |
Ostrovia (Latin), Ostrów (former Polish), Ostrów Wielkopolski (Polish), Ostrowo (German) |
| Oświęcim |
Oświęcim (Polish, German*, Italian, Scottish Gaelic), Auschwitz (former German*, Romanian), Osventsim - Освенцим (Russian), Aushvitsa (Romani), Osvencima (Latvian), Aušvice (former Latvian), Oshpitizin (Yiddish), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Osvyenchim (Romani), 奧斯威辛 (Chinese) |
| Oulu |
Oulu (Estonian, Finnish, Polish), Oulu (Latvian), Uleåborg (Swedish), Uloa (Latin) |
| Oxford |
Àth nan Damh (Scottish Gaelic *), Áth na nDamh (Irish *), Rhydychen (Welsh), Resoghen (Cornish), Oxford (Scots *), 牛津 (Niú jìn (Chinese), Okkusufōdo - オックスフォード (Japanese)*, Okseupodeu/Oksŭp'odŭ - 옥스포드 (Korean), Oksford (Azeri, Polish, Serbian), Oksforda (Latvian), Oksfordas (Lithuanian), Oksfórdhi - Οξφόρδη (Greek), Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxford - Оксфорд (Bulgarian, Russian), Oxonia (Latin), Oxónia (Portuguese) |
| Ozieri |
Ocier (Spanish, Catalan), Othieri (Sardinian), Ozieri (Italian) |
| English Name |
Other names or former names |
| Padua |
Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Maltese, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Scottish Gaelic*, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Pádova (Hungarian), Padua (Dutch, German, medieval Latin, Scots, Spanish, Swedish), Pádua (Portuguese), Pàdua (Catalan), Paduja (Latvian), Paduya - Падуя (Russian), Padwa (Polish), Padue (Friulian), Pàdoa (Piedmontese), Pádhoua - Πάδουα / Pádhova - Πάδοβα (Greek), Patavium (classical Latin), პადუა (Georgian), Padoba/P'adoba - 파도바 (Korean) |
| Palermo |
Balharm or Balerm (Arabic), Palerm (Catalan), Palerma - Палерма (Belarusian), Palermo - Палермо (Russian), Palermas (Lithuanian), Palerme (French), Palermo (Azeri, Czech, Dutch, German, Italian, Finnish, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Scots*, Scottish Gaelic*, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Palermu or Palemmu (Sicilian), Pallereumo/P'allerŭmo - 팔레르모 (Korean), Pánormos - Πάνορμος (Greek), Panormus (Latin), Parerumo - パレルモ (Japanese)*, პალერმო (Georgian) |
| Palma |
Palma (Catalan, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Irish, Latin), Palma de Mallorca (Danish, Dutch, Polish, Spanish), Palma de Malhorca (Occitan), Palma de Maiorca (Portuguese), Palma di Maiorca (Italian) |
| Pamplona |
Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Pamplona (Azeri, Catalan, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish), Pompaelo (Latin), პამპლონა (Georgian), 팜플로냐 (Korean) |
| Panevėžys |
Poniewież (Polish), Ponevezh - Поневеж (Russian), Ponewesch (German), Panevēža (Latvian), პანევეჟისი (Georgian) |
| Paris |
Paris (Azeri, French, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Piedmontese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Parigi (Italian), Paras Scottish Gaelic*, Bārīs (Arabic), Lutetia Parisiorum (Latin), Paräis (Luxembourgish), Páras (Irish), Pari - パリ (Japanese)*, Pari/P’ari - 파리 (Korean), Paries (Limburgish), Pariġi (Maltese), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), París (Catalan, Spanish, Icelandic), Pa-ris or Ba-lê (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), Parísi - Παρίσι (Greek) / Parísii - Παρίσιοι (medieval Greek, καθαρεύουσα), Parisium (medieval Latin), Pariz (Breton, Croatian, Slovene), Pariž - Париж (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Paříž (Czech), Pariz - Париз (Serbian), Paríž (Slovak), Pariz - פּאַריז (Yiddish), Parīze (Latvian), Parizo (Esperanto), Párizs (Hungarian), Parys (Afrikaans), Paryż (Polish), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paryž - Парыж (Belarusian), 巴黎 (Chinese), პარიზი (Georgian), Scottish Gaelic * |
| Parma |
Parme (French), Párma (Hungarian), Párma - Πάρμα (Greek), პარმა (Georgian), Parma (Italian, Czech, Maltese, Slovak), Paruma - パルマ (Japanese)* |
| Pärnu |
Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Swedish), Pernau (German), Pērnava (Latvian), Piarnu (Belarusian, Lithuanian), Pernov - Пернов (Russian), პიარნუ (Georgian) |
| Passau |
Batavia Bavariae (medieval Latin), Castra Batava (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech, Slovak), Passau (Dutch, French, German, Romanian, Turkish), Passavia (Italian), Pasava (Serbian), პასაუ (Georgian), Båssa (Bavarian) |
| Patras |
Patra (Modern Greek), Patrae (Latin), Patrasso (Italian), Patras (Azeri, Dutch, French, German) |
| Pavia |
Pavia (Italian, German, Dutch), Ticinum (classical Latin), Papia (medieval Latin), Pavìa (Piedmontese), Pavio (Esperanto), Paviya - Павия (Russian), Pavija - Павија (Serbian), პავია (Georgian), Pavia - Παβία / Papia - Παπία (Greek) |
| Pazin |
Mitterburg (German), Pazin (Croatian, Serbian), Pisino (Italian), |
| Pechory |
Pechory - Печёры (Russian), Petschur (former German), Petseri (Estonian, Finnish), Peczora (Polish) |
| Pécs |
Beci (old Romanian), Pětikostelí (Czech), Päťkostolie (Slovak), Peç (Turkish), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Pecz (Polish), Pečuj - Печуј (Serbian), Quinqueecclesiae (Latin), Sopianae (old Latin), Cinquechiese (old Italian), პეჩი (Georgian), Печ (Macedonian), Sophianè - Σοφιανή (Byzantine Greek) |
| Peenemünde |
Peenemünde (German), Pianoujście (Polish) |
| Pehčevo |
Pehčevo (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Пехчево (Macedonian) |
| Perm |
Perm (English, German, Czech, Finnish), Пермь (Russian), Permjo (Esperanto) |
| Perpignan |
Perpignan (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Romanian), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhan (Occitan), Perpinhão (European Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan) |
| Perugia |
Pérouse (French), Perūja - ペルージャ (Japanese)*, Perugia (Dutch, German, Italian, Romanian), Perusa (Spanish), Perusia (Latin), პერუჯა (Georgian), Perusia - Περουσία (Greek) |
| Petrozavodsk |
Petrosawodsk (German), Petroskoi (Finnish), Petrozavodsk - Петрозаводск (Russian), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian), Pietrazavodzk - Петразаводзк (Belarusian), Petrozavodsk (Azeri), Äänislinna (former Finnish), Pietrozawodzk (Polish), პეტროზავოდსკი (Georgian) |
| Piacenza |
Piacenza (Dutch, German, Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish), Piacenţa (Romanian), Placentia (Latin), Plakentía - Πλακεντία (Greek), პიაჩენცა (Georgian) |
| Piatra Neamţ |
Karácsonkő (Hungarian), Kreuzburg an der Bistritz (German), Piatra Neamţ (Romanian) |
| Piła |
Piła (Polish), Schneidemühl (German) |
| Pilsen |
Pilsen (Dutch, German, Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian), Pilzene (Latvian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech, Romanian, Slovak), პლზენი (Georgian) |
| Pinsk |
Pinsk - Пінск (Belarusian), Pinsk - Пинск (Bulgarian, Russian), Pinsk (Dutch, French, German), Pińsk (Polish), Pins'k - Пінськ (Ukrainian), פינסק (Yiddish) |
| Piotrków Trybunalski |
Piotrków Trybunalski (Polish), Petrikau (German), Petrikev - פּעטריקעװ (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian) |
| Piran |
Piran (Croatian, German, Serbian, Slovene), Pirano (Italian), Pyrrhanum (Latin), Pirànon - Πιράνον (Greek) |
| Plauen |
Plauen (Dutch, French, German, Polish), Plavno (Czech) |
| Pleven |
Pleven (Bulgarian, French, Serbian), Plevna (French alternate, Romanian, Russian), Plevne (Turkish), Plevno (Czech), Plewen (German, Polish), პლევენი (Georgian) |
| Plovdiv |
Filippopoli (old Italian), Philippopolis (Latin), Philipúpoli - Φιλιππούπολη (Greek), Plovdiv (Azeri, Bulgarian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Plowdiw (German), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (Thracian, former name), Evmolpias (Thracian), Trimontium (Latin, former name), Filibe (Turkish, former name), Paldin (Slavic, former name), პლოვდივი (Georgian) |
| Ploieşti |
Ploieashti (Aromanian), Ploesht - Плоещ (Bulgarian), Plorescht (old German), Ploésti - Πλοέστι (Greek), Ploesht - פלוישט (Hebrew), Ploeszti (Polish), Ploešti - Плоешти (Russian) |
| Plymouth |
Aberplym (Cornish), Pleimuiden (Dutch alternate), Plimuto (Esperanto), პლიმუთი (Georgian) |
| Podgorica |
Podgairítse (Irish), Podgorica (Finnish, French, German, Portuguese, Polish, Slovak), Podogoritsa - ポドゴリツァ (Japanese)*, Ribnica (former name), Titograd (former name), პოდგორიცა (Georgian) |
| Polatsk |
Połacak - Полацак (Belarusian, obsolete), Połack - Полацк (Belarusian), Polock (Czech), Połock (Polish), Polotsk - Полоцк (Russian), Poloţk (Romanian), Polotzk (German), |
| Pompeii |
Pompei (Italian, Azeri, Romanian, Turkish), Pompéi (French), Pompeia (Catalan, Portuguese), Pompeii (Latin), Poimpé (Irish), Pompej (Maltese), Pompeji (Danish, Dutch, German, , Slovene, Swedish), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Latvian, Serbian), Pompeje (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Pompiía - Πομπηία (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), Pompėja (Lithuanian), Pompei/P'omp'ei - 폼페이 (Korean), Pompei - ポンペイ (Japanese)* |
| Pontresina |
Pontresina (French, German, Italian), Puntraschigna (Romansh) |
| Porec |
Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Porech - Пореч (Russian) |
| Pori |
Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Latvian) |
| Porto |
Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Irish, Italian, Spanish, English variant), Portas (Lithuanian), Porto (Azeri, Czech, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Portó (Hungarian), Portus Cale (Latin), Portu (Latvian), პორტუ (Georgian), Poruto - ポルト (Japanese)* |
| Porto Torres |
Porto Torres (Italian), Pòlsthu Tòrra (Sassarese), Pòrtu Tòrres (Sardinian) |
| Portorož |
Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Serbian, Slovak, Slovene) |
| Porvoo |
Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian), Borgoa (Latin) |
| Potsdam |
波茨坦 (Chinese), Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (Azeri, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdama (Latvian), Potsdamas (Lithuanian), პოტსდამი (Georgian), 포츠담 (Korean), Potsudamu - ポツダム (Japanese)* |
| Poznań |
Poznań (Polish), Posen (Dutch, German), Posnania (Latin), Poyzn - פּױזן (Yiddish), Poznaņa (Latvian), Poznanė (Lithuanian), Poznaň (Czech, Slovak), Poznan (Azeri, French, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Poznań - Познань (Belarusian, Ukrainian), პოზნანი (Georgian), Pojeunan/P'ojŭnan - 포즈난 (Korean), Pozunani - ポズナニ (Japanese)* |
| Prague |
Birāġ (Arabic), Praag (Afrikaans, Dutch, Limburgish), Prag (Bosnian, Croatian, Danish, German, Luxembourgish, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish, Icelandic), پراگ (Persian), Prâg (Welsh), Prág (Irish), Pràg (Scottish Gaelic), Praga (Basque, Catalan, Italian, Kashubian, Latin, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto), Prága - Πράγα (Greek), Prága (Hungarian), Prague (English, French, Tagalog), Praha (Belarusian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Ido, Indonesian, Nauruan, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Prāga (Latvian), Prog - פּראָג (Yiddish), 프라하 (Korean), Puraha - プラハ (Japanese)*, 布拉格 (Chinese), პრაღა (Georgian), Praga - Прага (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian) |
| Pravdinsk |
Friedland (German), Frydland/Frydląd (Polish), Pravdinsk - Правдинск (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian) |
| Prešov |
Eperies (German alternate), Eperjes (Hungarian), Peryeshis (Romani), Preschau (German), Presovia (Latin), Prešov (Czech, Slovak), Preszów (Polish), Pryashev - Пряшев (Russian), Pryašiv - Пряшів (Ukrainian), Pryašuv - Пряшyв (Ruthenian) |
| Prilep |
Prilep (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Прилеп (Macedonian) |
| Priozersk |
Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (Finnish alternate), Priozersk (German, Russian) |
| Pristina |
Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian, Russian), Priština - Прищина (Bulgarian), Prischtina (German), Priština (Czech, Slovak), Priştina (Romanian), Pristine (Irish), Priştine (Turkish), Pristina (French, Hungarian, Portuguese), Pristino (Esperanto), Priština (Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovene), Prístina - Πρίστινα (Greek), Prisztina (Polish), პრიშტინა (Georgian) |
| Příbor |
Freiberg in Mähren (German*) |
| Probištip |
Probištip (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Пробиштип (Macedonian) |
| Pruszcz Gdański |
Pruszcz Gdański (Polish), Praust (German) |
| Przemyśl |
Peremisla (Romanian, old), Peremyshl' - Перемышль (Russian, traditional), Peremyshl' - Перемишль (Ukrainian, traditional), Pieramyšl - Перамышль (Belarusian), Premisl (Romanian), Premisl - פּרעמיסל (Yiddish), Přemyšl (Czech), Przemyśl (Polish), Pshemysl' - Пшемысль (Russian, modern official), Pshemysl' - Пшемисль (Ukrainian, modern official) |
| Pskov |
Pskov - Псков (Russian), Pihkova (Finnish), Pihkva (Estonian), Pleskau (historical German), Pleskava (Latvian), Pskov (Azeri, Dutch, French, Romanian), Pskovas (Lithuanian), Pskow (modern German), Psków (Polish), Pskoŭ - Пскоў (Belarusian), ფსკოვი (Georgian) |
| Puck |
Puck (Polish), Pùck (Kashubian), Putzig (German) |
| Pula |
Pola (Dutch, French, German, Italian), Póla (Hungarian), Polei (older German), Pula (Croatian, Czech, Finnish, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Pulj (Slovene), Poła (Venetian), Puola (Istriot), Pòlis - Πόλις (Greek) |
| Puławy |
Pilev - פּילעװ (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish) Pilev (English, Spanish), Pullno (German) |
| Pyrzyce |
Pyrzyce (Polish), Pyritz (German) |
