Nannerl Notenbuch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Nannerl Notenbuch, or Notenbuch für Nannerl (English: Nannerl's Music Book) is a book in which Leopold Mozart, from 1759 to about 1764, wrote pieces for his daughter, Maria Anna Mozart (known as 'Nannerl'), to learn and play. His son Wolfgang also used the book, in which his earliest compositions were recorded. The book contains simple short keyboard (typically harpsichord) pieces, suitable for beginners; there are many anonymous minuets, some works by Leopold, and a few other composers including Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and the Austrian composer Georg Christoph Wagenseil. There are also some technical exercises, a table of intervals, and some modulating figured basses.[1]
Contents |
[edit] Description of the Notenbuch
Originally the Notenbuch was a bound volume comprising forty-eight pages of blank music paper, with eight staves on each page. Inscribed with the words Pour le clavecin (French: For the harpsichord), it was presented to Nannerl on the occasion of her eighth name-day on 26 July 1759 (or possibly her eighth birthday, which fell on the 30th or 31st day of the same month). Over the course of the next four years or so the notebook was gradually filled with pieces written out by Leopold and two or three anonymous Salzburg copyists. Wolfgang is thought to have written out four pieces. Curiously none of the pieces was inscribed by Nannerl herself.
In later years twelve individual pages were removed from the notebook for one reason or another. Of these four are now considered lost, but the remaining eight have been identified by Alan Tyson (1987):
- Two in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.
- One in the Museum Carolino Augusteum, Salzburg
- Two in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City.
- One in the Universitätsbibliothek, Leipzig
- One survives only as a facsimile and consists of the opening measures of K. 5b.
- One, now in a private collection, consists of a single leaf containing the rest of K. 5b.
The four lost pages have been tentatively reconstructed using a variety of other sources (Nannerl's letters and Georg Nissen's biography of Mozart). It is believed that in its completed state the Notenbuch contained a total of 64 pieces (including exercises and unfinished compositions), of which 52 are in the surviving 36 pages of the book.
Wolfgang Plath (1982) has deduced the existence of five scribes from a study of the handwriting in the Notenbuch. In addition to Leopold and Wolfgang, three anonymous scribes from Salzburg – known as Anonymous I, Anonymous II and Anonymous III – have been identified. Numbers 58 and 61, thought to be in the four missing pages, are known only from Nissen's material; Plath assumed that these two pieces were copied out by Leopold, who was responsible for more than half the contents of the Notenbuch.
The Notenbuch provides evidence of the collaboration between the young Wolfgang and his father. For example, number 48 is an arrangement of the third movement of Leopold's D major serenade, but the trio also appears as Menuet II in Wolfgang's Sonata K6.[2]
The Notenbuch is also useful in providing evidence of Leopold's approach to teaching music. The tables of intervals show that he taught music theory to his children from the start. It seems that he also taught composition from the outset, by means of a given bass line, a melody to be varied, a melody to be continued, and a structural model.[1]
The earliest compositions by Wolfgang are written in Leopold's hand; the father's gentle suggestions for amendments came later.[3]
[edit] Wolfgang Mozart's compositions in the book
The Notenbuch contains the following pieces by Wolfgang:
[edit] Andante in C, K. 1a
This piece is not just Mozart's first keyboard work, but his first (or so believed) composition. It is an extremely short piece (just 15 seconds long), likely notated by his father, Leopold Mozart, since Wolfgang was only 5 years old at the time.
It is normally performed on the harpsichord and is in the key of C. The piece opens with a lively one-bar phrase, which is repeated piano (quietly). This is done again with a second, modified phrase before it gains a deeper, unrepeated phrase and ends. 
Andante in C (help·info)
[edit] Allegro in C, K. 1b
It is an extremely short piece (just 15 seconds long), likely notated by his father, Leopold Mozart, since Wolfgang was five years old at the time.
It is normally performed on the harpsichord, and is in the key of C. As the tempo indication suggests, it is a fast and lively piece. The piece is unlike Mozart's previous work, K. 1a, in that it does not operate on repeated phrases. It begins with climbing fifths, which, after reaching a peak, drop in triplets before concluding in a triplet chord.
[edit] Allegro in F, K. 1c
It is an extremely short piece (just 30 seconds long), likely notated by his father, Leopold Mozart, since Wolfgang was five years old at the time. It was composed on 11 December, 1761 in Salzburg.
It was written for the harpsichord and is hence often performed on the harpsichord today, though other keyboard instruments may be used. The Allegro is in Mozart's first collection of works, and his first extant piece in F major. Similar to his first piece, K. 1a, it is in a slow tempo, and has several repeated phrases as follows: AABB[piano]ABB[piano]A; each phrase being about 5 seconds.
[edit] Minuet in F, K. 1d
An extremely short piece (just 30 seconds long), it was likely notated by his father, Leopold Mozart, since Wolfgang was five years old at the time.
It was written for the harpsichord and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instruments may be used. This minuet is in Mozart's first collection of works, and his first extant piece in minuet form. As a minuet it is, by definition, stately in feel and written in 3/4 time. It is clearly influenced by the work of Johann Sebastian Bach[citation needed], and could even be described as late Baroque in style.
It comprises several phrases each beginning with chords, after which broken chords and triplets are used.
[edit] Minuet in G, K. 1e
An extremely short piece (just 30 seconds long), it was likely notated by his father, Leopold Mozart, since Wolfgang was five or six years old at the time.
It was written for the harpsichord and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instruments may be used. This minuet is in Mozart's first collection of works. As a minuet, it is relatively fast in 3/4 time. Unlike K. 1d, it is far less influenced by the baroque style.
It is largely constructed of phrases which are repeated: every two bars is announced by a descending fifth, after which 4 chords are played, a tune is constructed within this restraint. Each phrase is 8 bars long. In two part harmony, it consists of 3 sections: the opening, a contrasting trio, and reprise of the original.
[edit] Minuet in C, K. 1f
An extremely short piece (just 30 seconds long), it was likely notated by his father, Leopold Mozart, since Wolfgang was only five or six years old at the time.
It was written for the harpsichord and is hence usually performed on the harpsichord, though other keyboard instruments may be used. This minuet is in Mozart's first collection of works. As a minuet it is relatively fast in 3/4 time. It is, unlike K. 1d far less influenced by the baroque style.
It is largely constructed of phrases which are repeated: every two bars is announced by a descending fifth, after which 4 chords are played, a tune is constructed within this restraint. Each phrase is 8 bars long. In two part harmony, it consists of 3 sections: the opening, contrasting trio, and a reprise of the original. It was, in Köchel's first catalogue listed as K. 1 along with Minuet in G, K. 1e.
[edit] Minuet in F, K. 2
[edit] Allegro in B-flat, K. 3
[edit] Minuet in F, K. 4
[edit] Minuet in F, K. 5
[edit] Allegro in C, K. 5a
[edit] Andante in B-flat, K. 5b
[edit] Table of Contents
The following table summarizes the contents of the Notenbuch.[4]
| No. | Piece | Copyist | Composer | KV | Added Comments | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Menuett in C | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 2 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 3 | Menuett in C | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 4 | Menuett in G | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 5 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 6 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 7 | Menuett in D | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 8 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | Diese vorgehenden 8 Menuetten hat d. Wolfgangerl im 4ten Jahr gelernet (Wolfgang learned the preceding 8 minuets in his 4th year) |
– |
| 9 | Menuett in A | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 10 | Menuett in D | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 11 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | Disen Menuet und Trio hat dr Wolfgangerl den 26ten Januarij 1761 einen Tag vor seinem 5ten Jahr um halbe 10 Uhr in einer halben Stund gelernet (Wolfgang learned this minuet and trio in half-an-hour around 9:30 on 26 January 1761, one day before his 5th birthday) |
– |
| 12 | Menuett in A | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 13 | Menuett in A | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 14 | Menuett in F | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 15 | Menuett in E | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 16 | Menuett in C | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 17 | Menuett in F | Leopold | Leopold | – | – | – |
| 18 | Menuett in B flat | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 19 | Menuett in F | Anonymous I | Wolfgang | KV 32 | Diesen Menuet hat d. Wolfgangerl auch im vierten jahr seines alters gelernet (Wolfgang also learned this minuet when he was four years of age) |
KV 32 (Gallimathias musicum), No. 14 is an orchestral version of this piece |
| 20 | Allegro in C | Wolfgang | Wolfgang | KV 5a | – | Probably added in 1764 |
| 21 | Menuett in C | Anonymous II | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 22 | Marsch in F (I) | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | den 4ten feb. 1761 vom Wolfgangerl gelernet Learned by Wolfgang on the 4 February 1761 |
– |
| 23 | Marsch in F (II) | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 24 | Allegro in B flat | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 8 | di Wolfgang Mozart à Paris le 21 Novb. 1763 By Wolfgang Mozart in Paris on 21 November 1763 |
A piano version of the first movement of Violin Sonata No. 3 in B flat, KV 8 |
| 25 | Andante in F | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 6 | – | A piano version of the second movement of Violin Sonata No. 1 in C, KV 6 Probably written in Brussels in October 1763 |
| 26 | Menuett in C | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 6 | – | A piano version of Menuet I from the third movement of Violin Sonata No. 1 in C, KV 6 Probably written in Brussels in October 1763 |
| 27 | Allegro in C | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 28 | Allegro in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 29 | Klavierstück in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 30 | Allegro in C | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 31 | Scherzo in C | Anonymous I | Georg Christoph Wagenseil | – | del Sgr. Wagenseil (By Signore Wagenseil) |
– |
| 32 | Scherzo in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 33 | Allegro in F | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 34 | Allegro in C | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 35 | Tempo di menuetto in F | Anonymous II | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 36 | Allegro moderato in F | Anonymous I | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 37 | Andante in B flat | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 38 | Andante in C | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 39 | Arietta con Variazioni in A | Anonymous III | Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach | – | – | – |
| 40 | Allegro in C | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 41 | Allegro in G | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 42 | Allegro in G minor | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 43 | Presto in A | Anonymous III | J. N. Tischer | – | – | – |
| 44 | Polonaise in F | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 45 | Allegro in E minor | Leopold | J. J. Agrell | – | – | – |
| 46 | Allegro in C | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 6 | di Wolfgango Mozart d. 14 octob. (Composed by Wolfgang Mozart on 14 October) |
A piano version of the first movement of Violin Sonata No. 1, KV 6 Probably composed in Brussels in 1763 |
| 47 | Menuett in D | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 7 | di Wolfgango Mozart d. 30ten Novbr. 1763 à Paris (Composed by Wolfgang Mozart in Paris in 1763) |
A piano version of Menuet I from Violin Sonata No. 2 in D, KV 7 |
| 48 | Menuett in F | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 6 | di Wolfgango Mozart d. 16ten Julÿ 1762 (Composed by Wolfgang Mozart on 16 July 1762) |
A piano version of the third movement of Leopold's Serenade in D and Menuet II from the third movement of Wolfgang's Violin Sonata No. 1 in C Composed in Salzburg |
| 49 | Menuett in F | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 4 | di Wolfgango Mozart d. 11ten Maÿ 1762 (Composed by Wolfgang Mozart on 11 May 1762) |
Minuet in F, KV 4 Composed in Salzburg |
| 50 | Klavierstück in G | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | Fragment |
| 51 | Konzertsatz in G | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | – |
| 52 | Fünf technische Übungen | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | Exercise: Five technical exercises |
| 53 | Andante in C | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 1a | – | – |
| 54 | Allegro in C | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 1b | – | – |
| 55 | Allegro in F | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 1c | – | – |
| 56 | Minuet in F | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 1d | Menuetto del Sgr. Wolfgango Mozart 16to Decembris 1761 (Minuet composed by Wolfgang Mozart on 16 December 1761) |
– |
| 57 | Intervalltabelle | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | Exercise: a table of musical intervals |
| 58 | Menuett in F | Leopold? | Wolfgang | KV 2 | – | Minuet in F, KV 2 |
| 59 | Allegro in B flat | Leopold | Wolfgang | KV 3 | del Sgr. Wolfgango Mozart 1762. d. 4ten Martij (Composed by Wolfgang Mozart on 4 March 1762) |
Allegro in B flat, KV 3 Composed in Salzburg |
| 60 | Drei modulierende Generalbaßübungen | Leopold | Anonymous | – | – | Exercise: 3 modulating general basses |
| 61 | Menuett in F | Leopold? | Wolfgang | KV 5 | 5. Juli 1762 5 July 1762 |
Minuet in F, KV 5 Composed in Salzburg |
| 62 | Menuett in G | Wolfgang | Wolfgang | KV 1e | – | Minuet in G, KV 1e Probably added in 1764 |
| 63 | Menuett in C | Wolfgang | Wolfgang | KV 1f | – | Minuet in C, KV 1f Probably added in 1764 |
| 64 | Andante in B flat | Wolfgang | Wolfgang | KV 5b | – | Fragment of an Andante in B flat, KV 5b (KV 9b in K1) Probably added in 1764 |
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b Eisen and Keefe, page 322
- ^ Cliff Eisen, 'Leopold Mozart', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 9 May 2006)
- ^ Eisen and Keefe, page 323
- ^ Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke, Band 20
[edit] References
- Eisen, Cliff, Mozart Studies 2, Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19-816343-6
- Eisen, Cliff and Keefe, Simon P., The Cambridge Mozart Encyclopedia, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-521-85659-0
- Plath, Wolfgang Neue Mozart-Ausgabe, Series IX/27: Klavierstücke, Band (Die Notenbücher) (1982)
- Tyson, Alan, A Reconstruction of Nannerl Mozart's Music Book (Notenbuch) in Music & Letters, vol. 60, no. 4 (Oct. 1979), pp. 389–400
[edit] External links
- Nannerl Notenbuch: Score in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
