National Development Party (Thailand)
| National Development Party พรรคชาติพัฒนา Chart Pattana Party |
|
|---|---|
| Leader | Chatichai Choonhavan (first) Suwat Liptapanlop (last) |
| Founded | 1992 |
| Dissolved | 2005 |
| Merged into | Thai Rak Thai Party |
| Politics of Thailand Political parties Elections |
|
The National Development Party, or Chart Pattana Party (Thai: พรรคชาติพัฒนา, RTGS: Phak Chat Pattana) was a Thai political party that existed from 1992 until its merger into Thai Rak Thai Party in 2005. After the dissolution of the Thai Rak Thai Party in 2007, the National Development group merged into the Ruam Jai Thai Chart Pattana Party.
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[edit] Establishment
The National Development Party was formed by former Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan who had been deposed by a military coup d'état in February 1991. Chatichai had defected from the Thai Nation Party just ahead of the elections in September 1992. The party was set up as a vehicle to support a second premiership for Chatichai.[1]
The establishment followed a rupture in the Thai Nation Party, whose leadership around Somboon Rahong and secretary general Banharn Silpa-archa had stood at the side of the military junta (NPKC) during the popular protests and bloody crackdown of Black May. Therefore the Thai Nation Party was considered one of the "devil parties". A faction of Thai Nation deputies around Chatichai's cousin Korn Dabaransi felt uncomfortable with this policy and persuaded Chatichai to leave the party.[2] They were joined by Somchai Khunpluem ("Kamnan Poh") who switched over with his family from the Justice Unity Party,[3] Democrat Party secretary general Prachuab Chaisarn,[2] and Suwat Liptapanlop.[4] The party won 60 seats, but stayed in the opposition.[5]
[edit] Thaksin government
In December 2001, the National Development Party, which had been the largest opposition party, joined the coalition[6] government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra.[7] Thaksin dropped the party from the coalition in November 2003. Therefore several politicians left the National Development Party to join Thaksin's Thai Rak Thai Party[8] Thaksin exerted further pressure[7] and before the 2005 election, the party had merged into the Thai Rak Thai Party.[9]
After the 2006 coup d'état, the Constitutional Tribunal dissolved the Thai Rak Thai Party in May 2007, and in September the National Development Group merged with Thais United to form the Ruam Jai Thai Chart Pattana Party.[10]
[edit] Evaluation
The heartland of the National Development Party was the Northeastern region (Isan).[2][11] Like other Thai parties, it consisted of internal factions and lacked a strong organisation. It had no political ideology, but served the personal interests of its opportunistic leaders. It was often affected by defections to other parties.[12]
[edit] Leaders
- Chatichai Choonhavan (1992-1998)
- Korn Thapparangsi (1998-2003)
- Suwat Liptapanlop (2003-2005)
[edit] References
- ^ Wingfield, Tom (2002), "Democratization and economic crisis in Thailand", Political Business in East Asia (Routledge): p. 266, http://books.google.fr/books?id=T28m8-Zwz3cC&pg=PA258&dq=chat+pattana+Party+thailand&hl=de&sa=X&ei=EKpBT_i3B462hAessf3aBQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=chat%20pattana%20Party%20thailand&f=false
- ^ a b c Maisrikrod, Surin (1992), Thailands Two General Elections in 1992: Democracy Sustained, Institute of South East Asian Studies, p. 7, http://books.google.fr/books?id=o2zfXluLbtcC&pg=PA7&dq=chart+pattana+Party+thailand&hl=de&sa=X&ei=oalBT-z2H4-zhAe_r5y8BQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=chart%20pattana%20Party%20thailand&f=false
- ^ Chantornvong, Sombat (2000), "Local Godfathers in Thai Politics", Money & Power in Provincial Thailand (NIAS Press): p. 64, http://books.google.fr/books?id=-gW9Z0-q_xwC&pg=PA183&dq=National+Development+Party+thailand&hl=de&sa=X&ei=ValBT7jyGsuGhQes04jBBQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22National%20Development%20Party%22&f=false
- ^ Ueda, Yoko (2000), "The Entrepreneurs of Khorat", Money & Power in Provincial Thailand (NIAS Press): p. 183, http://books.google.fr/books?id=-gW9Z0-q_xwC&pg=PA183&dq=National+Development+Party+thailand&hl=de&sa=X&ei=ValBT7jyGsuGhQes04jBBQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22National%20Development%20Party%22&f=false
- ^ Leifer, Michael (1995), "Chatichai Choonhavan", Dictionary of the Modern Politics of South-East Asia (Taylor & Francis): p. 48, http://books.google.fr/books?id=BZPgB2CZOl8C&pg=PA48&dq=National+Development+Party+thailand&hl=de&sa=X&ei=ValBT7jyGsuGhQes04jBBQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=National%20Development%20Party%20thailand&f=false
- ^ Thompson, William R., "Thailand", Asia & Pacific Review 2003/04: The Economic and Business Report: p. 338, http://books.google.fr/books?id=RGsEvg7NdoQC&pg=PA338&dq=National+Development+Party+thailand&hl=de&sa=X&ei=ValBT7jyGsuGhQes04jBBQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22National%20Development%20Party%22%20thailand&f=false
- ^ a b Bowornwathana, Bidhya (2009), "The Politics of Combating Corruption when Big Businessmen are at the Helm: Lessons from Thaksin and Berlusconi", The Many Faces of Public Management Reform in the Asia-Pacific Region (Emerald Group): p. 75, http://books.google.fr/books?id=YO-rWqBlFgEC&pg=PA75&dq=chat+pattana+Party+thailand&hl=de&sa=X&ei=EKpBT_i3B462hAessf3aBQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=chat%20pattana%20Party%20thailand&f=false
- ^ Connors, Michael Kelly (2006), "Thaksin's Thailand: Thai Politics in 2003-04", Thailand's Economic Recovery (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies): p. 32, http://books.google.fr/books?id=_33MsnXELzIC&pg=PA32&dq=chart+pattana+Party+thailand&hl=de&sa=X&ei=oalBT-z2H4-zhAe_r5y8BQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22chart%20pattana%22&f=false
- ^ Hongthongkham, Prayad (16 May 2005), "The General Election on February 6, 2005: A Political Transformation", Thailand Monitor (Thai World Affairs Center, Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University), http://www.thaiworld.org/en/thailand_monitor/answer.php?question_id=133
- ^ "2 Thai political groups merge for co-founding new party", People's Daily Online, 14 September 2007, http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/6262371.html, retrieved 26 February 2012
- ^ Connors, Michael Kelly (2006), "Thaksin's Thailand: Thai Politics in 2003-04", Thailand's Economic Recovery (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies): p. 31
- ^ Bunbongkarn, Suchit (1999), "Thailand: Democracy Under Siege", Driven by Growth: Political Change in the Asia-Pacific Region (M.E. Sharpe): p. 173, http://books.google.fr/books?id=X6afM-cAR2sC&pg=PA173&dq=chat+pattana+Party+thailand&hl=de&sa=X&ei=6alBT8bZMsuZhQf_rqCKBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=chat%20pattana%20Party%20thailand&f=false
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