Net profit

Accountancy
Key concepts
Accountant · Accounting period · Bookkeeping · Cash and accrual basis · Cash flow forecasting · Chart of accounts · Journal · Special journals · Constant item purchasing power accounting · Cost of goods sold · Credit terms · Debits and credits · Double-entry system · Mark-to-market accounting · FIFO and LIFO · GAAP / IFRS · General ledger · Goodwill · Historical cost · Matching principle · Revenue recognition · Trial balance
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Cost · Financial · Forensic · Fund · Management · Tax (U.S.)
Financial statements
Balance sheet · Cash flow statement · Statement of retained earnings · Income statement · Notes · Management discussion and analysis · XBRL
Auditing
Auditor's report · Financial audit · GAAS / ISA · Internal audit · Sarbanes–Oxley Act
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In accounting, net profit is equal to the gross profit minus overheads minus interest payable plus/minus one off items for a given time period (usually: accounting period).^{[citation needed]}

A common synonym for "net profit" when discussing financial statements (which include a balance sheet and an income statement) is the bottom line. This term results from the traditional appearance of an income statement which shows all allocated revenues and expenses over a specified time period with the resulting summation on the bottom line of the report.

In simplistic terms, net profit is the money left over after paying all the expenses of an endeavor. In practice this can get very complex in large organizations or endeavors. The bookkeeper or accountant must itemise and allocate revenues and expenses properly to the specific working scope and context in which the term is applied.

Definitions of the term can however vary between the UK and US. In the US, net profit is often associated with net income or profit after tax (see table below).

The net margin percentage is a related ratio. This figure is calculated by dividing net profit by turnover, and it represents profitability, as a percentage.

Example

Here is how you reach net profit on a P&L (Profit & Loss) account:

1. Sales Revenue = Price (of product) X Quantity Sold
2. Gross profit = sales revenue – cost of sales and other direct costs
3. Operating profit (EBIT, earnings before interest and taxes) = Gross profit – overheads and other indirect costs
4. Pretax Profit (EBT, earnings before taxes) = operating profit – one off items and redundancy payments, staff restructuring – interest payable
5. Net profit= Pre-tax profit – tax
6. Retained earnings = Profit after tax – Dividends

See also

• EBITDA (Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization)
• Net income
• Non-profit organization