Nie Er
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Nie Er (simplified Chinese: 聂耳; traditional Chinese: 聶耳; pinyin: Niè Ěr) (born Nie Shouxin (simplified Chinese: 聂守信; traditional Chinese: 聶守信; pinyin: Niè Shǒuxīn) Courtesy name Ziyi (simplified Chinese: 子义 or 紫艺; traditional Chinese: 子義 or 子藝; pinyin: Zǐyì) 14 February 1912 – 17 July 1935), was a Chinese composer. He is known for composing the national anthem of the People's Republic of China, the March of the Volunteers. In numerous Shanghai magazines he went by the English name "George Njal".[1] A Chinese piano brand is also named after him, manufactured by Pearl River Piano Group.
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[edit] Biography
[edit] Early life
Nie Er's ancestors were from Yuxi, Yunnan, in southwest China. He was born in Kunming, Yunnan. From an early age Nie Er displayed an interest in music. From 1918 he studied at the Kunming Normal School's Associated Primary School. In his spare time, he learnt to play traditional instruments such as the dizi, erhu, sanxian, and yueqin, and became the conductor of the school's Children's Orchestra. In 1922 he entered the Private Qiushi Primary School (Senior Section), and in 1925 entered Yunnan Provincial Number One Combined Middle School.
In 1927 Nie Er graduated from Yunnan Provincial Number One Combined Middle School, and entered Yunnan Provincial Number One Normal School. At school, he participated in the Book Club, and organised the "Nine-Nine Music Society", which performed within the school and outside. During this time, he learnt to play the violin and the piano.
In June 1931, Nie Er entered the "Mingyue Musical Drama Society" as a violinist. In July 1932 he published A Short Treatise on Chinese Song and Dance, in which he criticised the Drama Society's president, Li Jinhui, as a result of which he was forced to leave the society. Prior to joining the Lianhua Film Studio on November 1932, he took part in shaping the Bright Moonlight Song and Dance Troupe. He later joined the musical group of the "Friends of the Soviet Union Society". He also organised the "Chinese Contemporary Music Research Group", which participated in the Leftist Dramatist's Union. In 1933, Nie Er joined the Communist Party of China.
In April 1934, Nie Er joined the Baak Doi record company and managed the musical section. In the same year he founded the Pathé National Orchestra. This was a prolific year for Nie Er in terms of musical output. In January 1935 Nie Er became the director of the musical department of Lianhua Number Two Studio.
In April 1935, Nie Er went to Japan to meet his elder brother in Tokyo. There, he composed the March of the Volunteers, which would soon become the national anthem of China.
[edit] Death
On July 17, 1935, he possibly drowned while swimming in Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan, at the age of twenty-three.[weasel words] He may have been en route to the Soviet Union, passing through Japan to receive training, sent by the Chinese Communist Party. Some suspect that he was killed by Japanese right-wing radicals[according to whom?] and others, that he was killed by Chinese Nationalists, as he was in Japan to flee from them.[citation needed] However, he disappeared while swimming with friends, making the task of killing him difficult and swimming during mid-July is dangerous, leaving drowning as the most probable cause of death. He was found by the local rescue team the following day. According to them and the police, his body was not different from that of ordinary drowned bodies.[citation needed]
[edit] Works
Nie Er wrote a total of 37 pieces in his life, all in the two years before his death. A significant proportion of these songs reflected working class life and struggles. He often collaborated with lyricist Tian Han.
Apart from March of the Volunteers, his other important works include:
- Songs:
- Graduation Song (毕业歌)
- Progress Song (前进歌)
- Song of the Big Road (大路歌)
- Song of Selling Newspapers (卖报歌)
- Pioneers (开路先锋)
- Dock Workers' Song (码头工人歌)
- New Woman (新女性)
- Flying Flowers (飞花歌)
- Village Girl of the Steppes (塞外村女)
- Farewell South Seas (告别南洋)
- Opera Storm on the Yangtze (扬子江暴风雨)
- Instrumental pieces:
- Spring Dawn on the Green Lake (翠湖春晓)
- Dance of the Golden Snake (金蛇狂舞), arranged from the last fast section of the Jiangnan sizhu piece "Yang Ba Qu" 阳八曲 (Yáng Bā Qǔ, "Yang Eight Tune"), also called Fan Wang Gong 梵王宫 (Fàn Wáng Gōng, "Fa as Mi") or 梵皇宫 (Fàn Huáng Gōng)
- Instrumental
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Jones. Andrew F. [2001] (2001). Yellow Music - CL: Media Culture and Colonial Modernity in the Chinese Jazz Age. Duke University Press. ISBN 0822326949
