Nigeria Airways

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Nigeria Airways
IATA
WT[1]:50		 ICAO
NGA[1]:50		 Callsign
NIGERIA[2]
Founded 23 August 1958 (1958-08-23) (after the dissolution of WAAC)
Commenced operations 1 October 1958 (1958-10-01)
Ceased operations 2003 (2003)
Operating bases
Hubs
  • Murtala Muhammed International Airport
Secondary hubs
Focus cities
Destinations 9 (at the time of closure)
Parent company Government of Nigeria (100%)
Headquarters Abuja, Nigeria
Key people Peter Gana (CEO) (at the time of closure)[1]:51
Website www.nigeriaairways.com (currently unavailable)

Nigeria Airways Ltd., more commonly known as Nigeria Airways, is a defunct Nigerian airline. The company was founded in 1958 after the dissolution of West African Airways Corporation. It was wholly owned by the Government of Nigeria, and served as the country's flag carrier.[1]:51 The carrier was headquartered in Abuja.[1]:50 The airline logo consisted of the Nigerian flag with a green elephant named Skypower in its centre.[3]

The airline was managed by a number of foreign companies, including British Airways, KLM and South African Airways.[4][5] It had its heyday in the early 1980s, just after a KLM team two-year-management period;[6] at that time its fleet comprised about 30 aircraft.[7] It ceased operations in 2003. Plagued of mis-management, corruption, and overstaffing,[3][8][9][10] at the time of closure the airline had debts for more than US$60,000,000 ($75,803,184 in 2012),[11] a poor safety record,[11] and its operative fleet comprised a single aircraft flying domestic routes as well as two leased aircraft operating the international network.[12] It was succeeded by Virgin Nigeria.[11][13][14]

Contents

[edit] History

A Nigeria Airways McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 at Charles de Gaulle Airport in 1984.
A Nigeria Airways Airbus A310-200 at Charles de Gaulle Airport in 1985.

[edit] Early years

The airline came into being on 23 August 1958 under the name West African Airways Corporation Nigeria Limited (WAAC Nigeria), otherwise known as Nigerian Airways WAAC, to succeed the folded West African Airways Corporation (WAAC); the title “WAAC” was retained due to the prestige this company had previously earned.[1]:51[15][16][17] Initially, the carrier was a tripartite entity in which the Nigerian government was the major shareholder (51%), and Elder Dempster Lines and BOAC held the balance (32⅔ and 16⅓, respectively).[1]:51[16][17] WAAC Nigeria inherited the assets and liabilities of WAAC, having a fleet comprised by Doves, Herons, and DC-3s.[18]

Operations started on 1 October 1958, with a BOAC Stratocruiser operated on behalf of the new airline linking London with Lagos.[19] The same day, WAAC Nigeria signed an agreement with BOAC to charter Stratocruisers and Britannias for serving long-haul flights between Nigeria and the United Kingdom.[17]

In early 1961, Nigeria became the only owner of the company.[20] On 22 January 1971, the company was rebranded as Nigeria Airways.[1]:51

In late 1972, a contract for management assistance was signed with TWA, with the American carrier providing specialists in different managerial, commercial, and financial fields for five years.[21][22] When the agreement concluded, a similar contract was signed with KLM in September 1979 (1979-09), this time for a period of two years.[23]:332

[edit] Demise

The carrier had accumulated significant debts that outstripped its revenues virtually from the mid-1980s.[24][25][26] The International Finance Corporation (IFC) was commissioned by the Nigerian Government in 2000 to assist in the process of reestructuration and privatisation of the airline.[9] Among three options, one of them was to partner with a large European airline; Air France, Lufthansa and Swissair were all considered.[9] Other option was to liquidate the carrier.[9] A fleet comprising 32 aircraft in 1984 gradually depleted to a three-strong at that time.[9] The IFC withdrew from its advisory position in 2001 citing the unwillingness of both the company and the government to carry out the necessary measures that would make the airline attractive to potential investors.[27] Likewise, there were various allegations claiming the airline's failure was accelerated by former Nigerian rulers who looted and mismanaged the company.[28][29]

In 1997 the UK Civil Aviation Authority banned the airline from operating into its territory citing safety concerns;[30] the Nigerian government replied banning British Airways operations.[31][32] The United Kingdom cited safety concerns again in 2001 when it refused to allow Nigeria Airways to operate the Lagos–London route,[33] this time regarding the Boeing 747 that was leased from Air Djibouti to fly the route.[34]

The carrier ceased operations in 2003.[35] The Nigerian government later came to an agreement with Virgin Atlantic Airways to found Virgin Nigeria Airways, intended as a replacement, yet the ground facilities of the folded Nigeria Airways were eventually taken over by Arik Air.[36]

[edit] Destinations

Main article: Nigeria Airways destinations

At the time of closure the Nigeria Airways network consisted of four domestic destinations, namely Abuja, Kano, Lagos and Port Harcourt; likewise, the international network comprised Abidjan, Dubai, Jeddah, London and New York.[1]:51

[edit] Fleet

A Nigeria Airways Vickers VC-10, leased from BOAC, at Ikeja Airport in 1969. A company Fokker Friendship is in the background.

BOAC operated Vickers VC-10 services on behalf of Nigeria Airways from April 1964 until an aircraft of the type was acquired from the British state airline in October 1969 (1969-10); the airplane was destroyed in an accident in November that year.[37][38][39] Until a new Boeing 707-320C entered the fleet in 1971, Boeing 707s were leased from Laker Airways and Ethiopian Airlines as a replacement of the crashed aircraft for serving the Lagos–London route.[40][41] Another Boeing 707-320C was ordered in 1972, along with two Boeing 737-200s.[42] In October the same year, the Fokker F28 entered the fleet on a lease agreement with Fokker, and later that year the type was ordered.[43] By March 1975 (1975-03), the fleet consisted of two Boeing 707-320Cs, two Boeing 737-200s, three Fokker F28s, five Fokker F27s, and one Aztec, while five F28-2000s were on order.[44][45]

In October 1976 (1976-10), the company became the 83rd customer for the Boeing 727, when an order for two Boeing 727-200s and another Boeing 707-320C was placed; it also took possession of a Douglas DC-10-30.[46][47] Orders for a second DC-10-30 and two F28-4000s were placed in 1977 and 1978, respectively.[48][49] By July 1980 (1980-07), the fleet consisted of 26 aircraft, split into three Boeing 707-320C, two Boeing 727-200s, two Boeing 737-200s, two DC-10-30s, two F27-200s, two F27-400Ms, four F27-600s, six F28-2000s, two F28-4000s, and one Aztec.[23]:332

Nigeria Airways became Airbus' 40th customer in 1981, when it placed an order for four Airbus A310-200; these aircraft were incorporated into the fleet in late 1984/early 1985.[50][51] Also in 1981, four new Boeing 737-200s were ordered to replace leased aircraft of the same type in a deal worth US$65,000,000 ($166,163,982 in 2012); they were delivered in February 1983 (1983-02).[52][53][54]

In 1982, a Boeing 747 was leased from Scanair; the aircraft was deployed on services to the United Kingdom, permitting the DC-10s to be used on new routes to Frankfurt, Paris, and Zurich.[55][56] Following an accident occurred in November 1983 (1983-11) that involved a Fokker F28, the carrier decided to withdraw from service its F27 and F28 fleet.[57] The fleet was 22-strong in March 1985 (1985-03), comprised by two DC-10-30s, four Airbus A310s, three Boeing 707-320Cs, two Boeing 727-200s, ten Boeing 737-200s, and one Boeing 737-200C; two Boeing 737-200s were on order.[58]

The carrier operated the last DC-10 ever built, on lease from World Airways.[59]


[edit] Historic Fleet

The airline operated the following equipment throughout its history:[60]

[edit] Image gallery

[edit] Accidents and incidents

Aviation Safety Network records 16 events for the airline, eight of which led to fatalities.[62] The worst accident experienced by the carrier took place on 11 July 1991, when 261 people were killed in an accident at King Abdulaziz International Airport. The following list includes events that had reported fatalities, carried with the hull-loss of the equipment involved, or both.

Date Location Aircraft Tail number Aircraft damage Fatalities Description Refs
01969-11-20 20 November 1969 NigeriaLagos VC-10-1101 5N-ABD W/O &1000000000000008700000087/87 The aircraft was flying the London–Rome–Kano–Lagos route. It crashed on its last leg during approach to Ikeja International Airport after hitting trees. The airplane involved had been sold to Nigeria Airways by BOAC less than two months prior to the occurrence of the accident. [63][64][65][66]
01971-04-04 4 April 1971 NigeriaJos F27-200 5N-AAX W/O &100000000000000000000000/41 Swerved off the runway and hit heaps of gravel at Jos Airport, following a rejected takeoff in crosswind conditions. [67]
01972-09-19 19 September 1972 NigeriaPort Harcourt F28-1000 PH-FPT W/O &100000000000000000000000 Ran off the runway upon landing at Port Harcourt Airport. [68]
01973-01-22 22 January 1973 NigeriaKano Boeing 707-320C JY-ADO W/O &10000000000000176000000176/202 Skidded off the runway and caught fire soon after one of the two main gears collapsed on landing at Kano Airport. The aircraft was due to fly the Jeddah–Lagos route, but it was diverted to Kano because of the weather. It was chartered from Alia Royal Jordanian Airlines and operated on behalf of Nigeria Airways for the Hajj season. [69]
01977-04-25 25 April 1977[nb 1] NigeriaSokoto F27-200 5N-AAW W/O &100000000000000000000000/23 Overran the runway on landing at Sokoto Airport. [70][71]
01978-03-01 1 March 1978 NigeriaKano F28-1000 5N-ANA W/O &1000000000000001800000018 The aircraft was operating a domestic scheduled Sokoto–Kano service, when it collided short before touchdown at the destination airport with a Nigerian Air Force Mig-21U trainer. There were 18 fatalities, 16 of them occupants of the civil aircraft. [72][73]
01983-11-28 28 November 1983 NigeriaEnugu F28-2000 5N-ANF W/O &1000000000000005300000053/72 Crashed in poor visibility 3.3 kilometres (2.1 mi) short of the runway on a steep approach to Enugu Airport, inbound from Lagos. The aircraft caught fire and burned out. [74][75][76]
01987-01-10 10 January 1987 NigeriaIlorin DC-10-30 5N-ANR W/O &100000000000000000000000/9 Overshot the runway at Ilorin Airport on a training flight, catching fire. [77]
01988-10-15 15 October 1988 NigeriaPort Harcourt Boeing 737-200 5N-ANW W/O &100000000000000000000000/132 Overran the runway on landing in heavy rain at Port Harcourt Airport; both the nosegear and the starboard main gear collapsed. [78]
01989-10-02 2 October 1989 NigeriaLagos Boeing 737-200 5N-ANX W/O &100000000000000000000000/135 Had its nosegear collapsed after overrunning the wet runway on landing at Ikeja International Airport. [79]
01991-07-11 11 July 1991 Saudi ArabiaJeddah DC-8-61 C-GMXQ W/O &10000000000000261000000261/261 Caught fire and crashed shortly after take-off from King Abdulaziz International Airport. The aircraft, chartered from the Canadian company Nolisair, was flying pilgrims back to Sokoto as Flight 2120, during the Hajj season. [80]
01993-10-25 25 October 1993 NigerNiamey A310-200 Unknown Minor &100000000000000010000001/149 Hijacked en route from Lagos to Abuja. The hijackers demanded the resignation of the Nigeria's government and to be flown to Frankfurt. The aircraft was denied permission to land in N'Djamena, and was diverted to the Niamey Airport for refuelling. It was stormed by Nigerien commandos 4 days later; the co-pilot was killed during the operation. [81]
01994-12-19 19 December 1994 NigeriaKiri Kasama Boeing 707-320C 5N-ABK W/O &100000000000000030000003/5 Crashed near Kiri Kasama after smoke in the cockpit was reported, distracting the pilots. The aircraft was operating a cargo service between Jeddah and Kano as Flight 9805. [82][83][84]
01995-11-13 13 November 1995 NigeriaKaduna Boeing 737-200 5N-AUA W/O &1000000000000001100000011/138 The aircraft experienced a wing strike following a long, tailwind landing at Kaduna Airport, inbound from Jos as Flight 357. The starboard wing hit the ground after the aircraft slewed off the runway to the left, damaging the fuel tanks and starting a fire that completely engulfed the fuselage. [85][86][87]

[edit] See also

[edit] Footnotes

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ There exists a discrepancy over the date of occurrence, as it was informed to be 25 April,[70] or 15 May.[71]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Directory: world airlines – Nigeria Airways" (PDF). Flight International: 50 – 51. 1 April 2003 – 7 April 2003. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2003/2003%20-%200703.html. Retrieved 30 January 2012. 
  2. ^ "Nigeria Airways information". theAirDB. http://theairdb.com/airline/nigeria-airways.html. Retrieved 25 February 2011. 
  3. ^ a b James Brooke (3 August 1987). "Nigeria's Flying Elephant". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/03/business/nigeria-s-flying-elephant.html?scp=2&sq=nigeria%20airways&st=cse. Retrieved 26 February 2011. 
  4. ^ Paul I. Adujie (13 October 2004). "Falcons' Victory, Nigeria Airways Failure; Metaphors Nigeria's Malaise". Nigerian Village Square. http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/paul-adujie/falcons-victory-nigeria-airways-failure-metaphors-nigerias-malaise.html. Retrieved 21 May 2011. 
  5. ^ "Nigerian pilots threaten strike action" (pdf). Flight International (Lagos): 1338. 19 November 1983. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1983/1983%20-%202090.html. Retrieved 9 August 2011. "Capt Tunde Ashafa, president of the pilots' association, said that the pilots have not had their salary reviewed since 1978, when Nigeria Airways was being managed by Dutch flag carrier KLM." 
  6. ^ "Africa's fastest-growing airline" (pdf). Flight International: II – VIII. 28 November 1981. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%203740.html. Retrieved 9 August 2011. 
  7. ^ "Nigeria Airways halves workforce". BBC News. 4 January 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1742567.stm. Retrieved 9 August 2011. "Nigeria Airways is today a far cry from its heyday in the early 1980s when it had a fleet of about 30 aircraft." 
  8. ^ "Nigeria set for new carrier". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 September 2003. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2003/09/01/170832/nigeria-set-for-new-carrier.html. Retrieved 14 August 2011. 
  9. ^ a b c d e Simon Tumba (1 October 2000). "Nigeria Airways faces tough choices". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2000/10/01/120908/nigeria-airways-faces-tough-choices.html. Retrieved 14 August 2011. 
  10. ^ "Nigeria seeks lost airways money". BBC News. 24 November 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3231462.stm. Retrieved 26 February 2011. 
  11. ^ a b c "Virgin takes to Nigeria's skies". BBC News. 28 September 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3697710.stm. Retrieved 21 May 2011. 
  12. ^ Dan Isaacs (15 May 2002). "Nigeria gets tough on air safety". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1989408.stm. Retrieved 26 February 2011. 
  13. ^ "Africa report: Survival test". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 21 November 2006. http://www.flightglobal.com/channels/mro/articles/2006/11/21/210613/africa-report-survival-test.html. Retrieved 21 May 2011. "Partially privatised Ghana International Airlines has already taken over from the liquidated Ghana Airways, while Virgin Nigeria replaced Nigeria Airways, which lurched from crisis to crisis until the government finally pulled the plug three years ago." 
  14. ^ "Virgin Nigeria takes to the air". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 4 October 2005. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2005/10/04/201983/virgin-nigeria-takes-to-the-air.html. Retrieved 14 August 2011. 
  15. ^ a b "World Airlines – Nigeria Airways (WAAC [Nigeria] Ltd)" (pdf). Flight International: 638. 6 May 1971. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%200723.html. Retrieved 21 May 2011. 
  16. ^ a b c d "Airlines of the World – Nigerian Airways" (PDF). Flight: 505. 8 April 1960. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1960/1960%20-%200505.html. Retrieved 28 January 2012. 
  17. ^ a b c "B.O.A.C in West Africa" (PDF). Flight: 564. 3 October 1958. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958-1-%20-%200560.html. Retrieved 28 January 2012. 
  18. ^ "World Airline Directory... — West African Airways Co. (Nigeria) Ltd. – WAAC" (PDF). Flight: 557. 17 April 1959. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%201134.html. Retrieved 28 January 2012. 
  19. ^ "Civil Aviation..." (PDF). Flight: 603. 10 October 1958. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958-1-%20-%200599.html. Retrieved 28 January 2012. "The inaugural service of Nigerian Airways W.A.A.C. left London for Lagos on October I. The aircraft, a Stratocruiser chartered from and operated by B.O.A.C., was seen oft by the Nigerian ministers who were in London attending the independence talks." 
  20. ^ "World airlines survey... – Nigeria Airways" (PDF). Flight International: 501. 13 April 1961. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1961/1961%20-%200493.html. Retrieved 16 January 2012. 
  21. ^ "Airlines updated" (PDF). Flight International: 86. 19 July 1973. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1972/1972%20-%200429.html. Retrieved 31 January 2012. "Nigeria Airways has signed a management-assistance contract with TWA, following a four-month study of the African airline by the US carrier. Under the contract TWA will second specialists in flight operations, maintenance, administration, finance, training, marketing, planning, and research to Nigeria Airways for five years." 
  22. ^ "Help for Nigeria" (PDF). Flight International: 636. 9 November 1972. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1972/1972%20-%202949.html. Retrieved 31 January 2012. "TWA has signed a management assistance agreement with Nigeria Airways. The airline will provide Nigeria Airways with a team of specialists in different managerial fields, including technical services and flight operations, as well as in commercial and financial fields. A separate contract is for a study by TWA of Nigeria Airways' pattern of operations." 
  23. ^ a b "World airline directory – Nigeria Airways" (PDF). Flight International: 331 – 332. 26 July 1980. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1980/1980%20-%201951.html. Retrieved 1 February 2012. 
  24. ^ "Nigeria tries to reduce debts" (pdf). Flight International (Lagos): 8. 5 December 1987. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202586.html. Retrieved 9 August 2011. 
  25. ^ "Nigeria Airways cuts back" (pdf). Flight International (Lagos): 3. 27 December 1986. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1986/1986%20-%203523.html. Retrieved 26 February. 
  26. ^ "Nigerian Airbus detained" (pdf). Flight International (Bordeaux): 3. 27 February 1988. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1988/1988%20-%200455.html. Retrieved 9 August 2011. 
  27. ^ "World Bank quits Nigerian privatisation". BBC News. 22 May 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1345508.stm. Retrieved 14 August 2011. 
  28. ^ "Fresh fraud probe for Nigeria Airways". BBC News. 12 December 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2569841.stm. Retrieved 9 August 2011. 
  29. ^ "Politicians probe Nigeria Airways 'sale'". BBC News. 26 August 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2217149.stm. Retrieved 9 August 2011. "The airline also last year dismissed its chief executive amid fraud allegations, after Lagos-London flights were suspended over fears about the safety of aircraft leased." 
  30. ^ "Nigeria hits rock bottom". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 August 1998. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/1998/08/01/39887/nigeria-hits-rock-bottom.html. Retrieved 21 May 2011. "Nigeria Airways' revenue dwindled after the May 1997 ban by the UK Civil Aviation Authority on Nigerian registered aircraft." 
  31. ^ "London-Lagos air links to restart". BBC News. 29 September 1998. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/183140.stm. Retrieved 21 May 2011. 
  32. ^ "BA resumes Nigeria flights". BBC News. 29 July 1998. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/141933.stm. Retrieved 21 May 2011. 
  33. ^ "Nigeria airways takes off for London". BBC News. 20 November 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1667182.stm. Retrieved 21 May 2011. 
  34. ^ "Britain Stops Nigeria Airways from Returning to Lagos-London Flight". People's Daily. 17 August 2001. http://english.people.com.cn/english/200108/17/eng20010817_77522.html. Retrieved 21 May 2011. "The British aviation authorities Thursday admitted here that it has prevented Nigeria Airways from returning to the Lagos-London route scheduled for Thursday, due to safety concerns over the use of a Boeing 747 plane leased from Air Djibouti." 
  35. ^ Graham Dunn (25 November 2010). "AB25: Births, deaths and marriages". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/11/25/350227/ab25-births-deaths-and-marriages.html. Retrieved 9 August 2011. "Nigeria Airways stops flights (2003)" 
  36. ^ Kerry Ezard (9 May 2006). "Arik aims to shake up Nigeria". Flightglobal.com. Flight International (London). http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/05/09/206469/arik-aims-to-shake-up-nigeria.html. Retrieved 14 August 2011. "Arik has moved into the former headquarters building of defunct Nigeria Airways in Lagos..." 
  37. ^ "Another Nigerian 707?" (PDF). Flight International: 53. 13 January 1972. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1972/1972%20-%200085.html. Retrieved 31 January 2012. "The former VC10 crews have now left Nigeria Airways (they were not given the chance to convert on to 707s after the airline's VC10 was lost in November 1969), and a number of actions by aircrew for breach of contract are pending against the airline." 
  38. ^ "AIR TRANSPORT..." (pdf). Flight International: 741. 27 May 1971. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%200840.html. Retrieved 31 January 2012. "Nigeria Airways has taken delivery of a new Boeing 707-320C which will eventually replace the 707 at present on lease from Ethiopian Airlines. Nigeria Airways has been advertising for 707-qualified crews, although it still has on contract VC10 crew members who have been retained since the airline's VC10 was lost in November 1969." 
  39. ^ "The last VC10 delivered" (pdf). Flight International: 292. 26 February 1970. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%200332.html. Retrieved 14 August 2011. "Since April 1964 BOAC VC10s have operated services for Nigeria Airways, which bought one from the Corporation last October; this was recently lost in the first VC10 crash." 
  40. ^ "707 for Nigeria" (pdf). Flight International: 238. 12 August 1971. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201478.html. Retrieved 31 January 2012. "Nigeria Airways put its new Boeing 707-320C into service between London and Lagos last week. The aircraft replaces one wet-leased for the past 18 months from Ethiopian Airlines." 
  41. ^ "AIR TRANSPORT..." (pdf). Flight International: 6. 2 July 1970. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%201172.html. Retrieved 14 August 2011. "Nigeria Airways has just begun services on the London-Lagos route with its 707-320C, wet leased from Ethiopian Airlines. The airline had previously leased a Laker 707 on an ad hoc basis." 
  42. ^ "Airline directory up-dated – October" (PDF). Flight International: 487. 12 October 1972. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1972/1972%20-%202704.html. Retrieved 31 January 2012. "Nigeria Airways has ordered two Boeing 737-200s for delivery in November, and a second 707-320C for delivery in December." 
  43. ^ "First stretched F.28 order" (PDF). Flight International: 8. 4 January 1973. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1973/1973%20-%200010.html. Retrieved 31 January 2012. "The first order for the Fokker-VFW F.28 Mk 2000 has been placed by Nigeria Airways, which has been operating the 79-seat aircraft on lease since last October." 
  44. ^ "Airliner market" (PDF). Flight International: 587. 10 April 1975. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1975/1975%20-%200661.html. Retrieved 31 January 2012. "Nigeria Airways and Fokker-VFW have confirmed an order for five F.28 Mk 2000s pushing the official order list to the 100 mark." 
  45. ^ "World Airline Directory – Nigeria Airways Ltd" (PDF). Flight International: 495. 20 March 1975. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1975/1975%20-%200559.html. Retrieved 31 January 2012. 
  46. ^ "AIR TRANSPORT" (pdf). Flight International: 1299. 30 October 1976. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%202483.html. Retrieved 9 August 2011. "Nigeria Airways last week took delivery of a DC-10-30." 
  47. ^ "Airliner market" (PDF). Flight International: 1065. 9 October 1976. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%202238.html. Retrieved 1 February 2012. "Nigeria Airways has become the 83rd Boeing 727 customer with an order for two 727-200s, to be delivered in August and September of next year. The airline also ordered a 707-320C, for delivery in November 1977" 
  48. ^ "Airliner market" (PDF). Flight International: 2158. 16 December 1978. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1978/1978%20-%203247.html. Retrieved 1 February 2012. "Fokker-VFW reports the sale of two F.28 Mk 4000s to Nigeria Airways, for delivery in May and June 1979. The carrier already operates six F.28 Mk 2000s." 
  49. ^ "Airliner market" (PDF). Flight International: 691. 19 March 1977. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1977/1977%20-%200735.html. Retrieved 1 February 2012. "Nigeria Airways has ordered a second McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30, for delivery in the autumn" 
  50. ^ "Market place" (PDF). Flight International: 8. 5 January 1985. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%200010.html. Retrieved 2 February 2012. "Nigeria Airways has accepted its four A310-200s. Two of the aircraft are already in Lagos, while the other two will depart for the Nigerian capital in mid-January. Nigeria Airways placed the order for four A310s in April 1981 but Government guarantees on the aircraft were not agreed until 1984." 
  51. ^ "Airbus signs fortieth customer" (PDF). Flight International: 1217. 2 May 1981. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%201207.html. Retrieved 2 February 2012. 
  52. ^ "Air transport" (PDF). Flight International: 510. 26 February 1983. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1983/1983%20-%200342.html. Retrieved 2 February 2012. "Nigeria Airways has taken delivery of four new Boeing 737-200s. Three are seen here at London's Heathrow Airport while on delivery. They will replace leased 737s in the airline's fleet. A loan of $70 million from a group of seven major banks made the deal possible" 
  53. ^ "Airliner market" (PDF). Flight International: 1883. 26 December 1981. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%204007.html. Retrieved 2 February 2012. "Nigeria Airways has converted options on four Boeing 737-200s into a firm order. Two of the aircraft will be delivered in December 1982 and the other two in July 1983. The airline already operates six 737s on lease and has four 737-200s on order for mid-1982 delivery." 
  54. ^ "Airliner market" (PDF). Flight International: 55. 10 January 1981. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%200061.html. Retrieved 2 February 2012. "Nigeria Airways has ordered four Boeing 737s, worth $65 million with spares, for delivery in 1982." 
  55. ^ "Marketplace" (PDF). Flight International: 186. 24 July 1982. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1982/1982%20-%201896.html. Retrieved 2 February 2012. "Scanair, the charter subsidiary of SAS, is looking for a Boeing 747 for two or three years because the 747 it previously operated has been leased to Nigeria Airways." 
  56. ^ "Airliner market" (PDF). Flight International: 910. 10 April 1982. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1982/1982%20-%200958.html. Retrieved 2 February 2012. "Nigeria Airways is leasing a Boeing 747 from SAS for its Lagos-London services. The airline's managing director Alhaji Bature says that the carrier has made little progress in buying its own 747, so the SAS aircraft is being leased until Nigeria Airways can buy one outright. "We are currently considering a number of offers from various airlines which already operate 747s and have no further use for their equipment." The leased 747 will be flown by SAS flightcrew, but will carry Nigeria Airways cabin staff. The introduction of the 747 has allowed the airline to operate its DC-lOs on new routes to Zurich, Frankfurt, and Paris." 
  57. ^ "Fokker keeps the pressure on Africa" (PDF). Flight International: 6. 6 July 1985. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%202180.html. Retrieved 2 February 2012. 
  58. ^ "World Airline Directory – Nigeria Airways" (PDF). Flight International: 103. 30 March 1985. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%200963.html. Retrieved 2 February 2012. 
  59. ^ Keith Bradsher (20 July 1989). "Troubled History of the DC-10 Includes Four Major Crashes". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html. Retrieved 19 July 2011. 
  60. ^ "SubFleets for: Nigeria Airways". AeroTransport Data Bank. 15 January 2012. http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php?query=operator&qstring=Nigeria+Airways&where=52052&luck=. Retrieved 15 January 2012. 
  61. ^ "The Comet is twenty..." (PDF). Flight International: 169 – 172. 31 July 1969. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1969/1969%20-%202530.html. Retrieved 16 January 2012. "Air Ceylon, East African Airways, MEA and Nigeria Airways had also leased Comets at various times from BOAC." 
  62. ^ "Accident record for Nigeria Airways". Aviation Safety Network. 10 August 2011. http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?sorteer=datekey_desc&kind=%&cat=%&page=1&field=Operatorkey&var=5596. Retrieved 11 August 2011. 
  63. ^ Accident description for 5N-ABD at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 January 2012.
  64. ^ "NO PAY-OUT" (pdf). Flight International: 40. 9 July 1970. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%201224.html. Retrieved 9 August 2011. "The VC10 crashed on November 20 with the loss of 87 lives." 
  65. ^ "FATAL ACCIDENTS ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT 1969" (pdf). Flight International: 85. 15 January 1970. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%200109.html. Retrieved 14 August 2011. 
  66. ^ "Air transport... – First VC10 accident" (pdf). Flight International: 830. 27 November 1969. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1969/1969%20-%203284.html. Retrieved 9 August 2011. "The aircraft had been sold to Nigeria Airways by BOAC on October 1 and two former senior BOAC captains were on the flight deck at the time of the accident." 
  67. ^ Accident description for 5N-AAX at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 January 2012.
  68. ^ Accident description for PH-FPT at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 January 2012.
  69. ^ Accident description for JY-ADO at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 23 January 2012.
  70. ^ a b Accident description for 5N-AAW at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 27 January 2011.
  71. ^ a b "1977 first nine-month statistics – NON-FATAL INCIDENTS: SCHEDULED FLIGHTS" (pdf). Flight International: 1215. 22 October 1977. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1977/1977%20-%203193.html. Retrieved 27 January 2012. 
  72. ^ Accident description for 5N-ANA at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 January 2012.
  73. ^ "Airline accidents" (pdf). Flight International: 680. 11 March 1978. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1978/1978%20-%200382.html. Retrieved 1 April 2011. "Eighteen people were killed when an F.28 of Nigeria Airways, 5N-ANA, and a Nigerian Air Force trainer collided on final approach into Kano Airport on March 1. There were two crew in the trainer and four crew and 12 passengers in the F.28." 
  74. ^ Accident description for 5N-ANF at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 27 January 2012.
  75. ^ "Nigeria shake-up in wake of crash" (pdf). Flight International: 6. 18 May 1985. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%201476.html. Retrieved 27 January 2012. 
  76. ^ "Airline flight safety: 1983 reviewed – FATAL ACCIDENTS: REGIONAL AND COMMUTER AIRLINES" (pdf). Flight International: 286. 28 January 1984. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1984/1984%20-%200186.html. Retrieved 27 January 2012. 
  77. ^ Accident description for 5N-ANR at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 January 2012.
  78. ^ Accident description for 5N-ANW at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 30 January 2012.
  79. ^ Accident description for 5N-ANX at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 14 August 2011.
  80. ^ Accident description for C-GMXQ at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 January 2012.
  81. ^ Hijacking description at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 January 2012.
  82. ^ Accident description for 5N-ABK at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 January 2012.
  83. ^ "AIRLINE SAFETY REVIEW 1994 – FATAL ACCIDENTS: NON-PASSENGER FLIGHTS" (pdf). Flight International: 39. 18 January 1994 – 24 January 1994 [sic]. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1995/1995%20-%200150.html. Retrieved 11 August 2011. 
  84. ^ "Air Algerie crash in UK kills five" (pdf). Flight International: 4. 4 January 1995 – 10 January 1995. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1995/1995%20-%200006.html. Retrieved 11 August 2011. "There were three deaths among the five crew of a Nigeria Airways Boeing 707 (5N-ABK) freighter which crashed near Hadeja in northern Nigeria on 19 December 1994, en route from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to Kano, Nigeria." 
  85. ^ Accident description for 5N-AUA at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 January 2012.
  86. ^ "AIRLINE SAFETY REVIEW – Fatal accidents: scheduled passenger services" (pdf). Flight International: 26. 17 January 1996 – 23 January 1996. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200150.html. Retrieved 21 May 2011. 
  87. ^ "American Airlines MD-83 crashed on approach". Flightglobal.com. Flight International. 22 November 1995. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/1995/11/22/23200/american-airlines-md-83-crashed-on-approach.html. Retrieved 21 May 2011. "At least eight people died when a Nigeria Airways Boeing 737-200A skidded off the runway during a landing run at Kaduna, Nigeria, on 13 November. The aircraft was inbound on a domestic flight from Jos, with 130 people on board. It landed at 07.00 local time in reduced visibility, but slewed off the runway - causing a wing to hit the ground." 
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