Nodosauridae
| Nodosaurids Temporal range: Late Jurassic - Late Cretaceous, 155–65 Ma |
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| Life restoration of Edmontonia rugosidens | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Superorder: | Dinosauria |
| Order: | †Ornithischia |
| Node: | †Eurypoda |
| Suborder: | †Ankylosauria |
| Family: | †Nodosauridae Marsh, 1890 |
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See text. |
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| Synonyms | |
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Acanthopholididae Nopcsa, 1902 |
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Nodosauridae is a family of ankylosaurian dinosaurs, from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous Period of what are now North America, Asia, Antarctica and Europe.
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[edit] Characteristics
Diagnostic characteristics for the Nodosauridae include the following: supraorbital boss rounded protuberance, occipital condyle derived from only the basioccipital and ornamentation present on the premaxilla. There is a fourth ambiguous character: the acromion is a knob-like process. All nodosaurids, like other ankylosaurs, may be described as medium-sized to large, heavily built quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs, possessing small denticulate teeth and parasagittal rows of osteoderms (a type of armour) on the dorsolateral surfaces of the body.
[edit] Classification
[edit] Taxonomy
The family Nodosauridae was erected by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1890, and anchored on the genus Nodosaurus. The following taxonomy follows Thompson et al., 2011 unless otherwise noted.[1]
- Family Nodosauridae
- ?Aletopelta (California, Western North America)[2]
- Animantarx (Utah, Western North America)
- Anoplosaurus (England, Northwestern Europe)
- Antarctopelta (James Ross Island, Northeastern Antarctic Peninsula)
- Edmontonia (Alberta, Western North America)
- Gargoyleosaurus (Wyoming, Western North America)
- Gastonia (Utah, Western North America)
- Glyptodontopelta (New Mexico, Western North America)[2]
- Hoplitosaurus (South Dakota, central North America)
- Hungarosaurus (Hungary, Central-Southern Europe)
- Hylaeosaurus (Sussex, Southern England)
- Mymoorapelta (Colorado, central North America)
- Niobrarasaurus (Kansas, Western North America)
- Nodosaurus (Wyoming and Kansas, Western North America)
- Panoplosaurus (Montana and Alberta, Western North America)
- Pawpawsaurus (Texas, Western North America)
- Peloroplites (Utah, Western North America)
- Polacanthus (Isle of Wight and Sussex, Southern England)
- Propanoplosaurus (Maryland, Eastern North America)
- Sauropelta (Wyoming and Montana, Western North America)
- Silvisaurus (Kansas, Western North America)
- Stegopelta (Wyoming, Western North America)
- Struthiosaurus (Central-Southern Europe)
- Tatankacephalus (Montana, Western North America)
- Texasetes (Texas, Western North America)
- Zhejiangosaurus (Zhejiang Province, Eastern China)
- Dubious Nodosaurids
- Acanthopholis (United Kingdom, Western Europe)
- Palaeoscincus
[edit] Phylogeny
The clade Nodosauridae was first defined by Paul Sereno in 1998 as "all ankylosaurs closer to Panoplosaurus than to Ankylosaurus," a definition followed by Vickaryous, Maryanska, and Weishampel in 2004. Vickaryous et al. considered two genera of nodosaurids to be of uncertain placement (incertae sedis): Struthiosaurus and Animantarx, and considered the most primitive member of the Nodosauridae to be Cedarpelta.[3] The cladogram below follows the most resolved topology from a 2011 analysis by paleontologists Richard S. Thompson, Jolyon C. Parish, Susannah C. R. Maidment and Paul M. Barrett.[1]
| Nodosauridae |
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[edit] References
- ^ a b Richard S. Thompson, Jolyon C. Parish, Susannah C. R. Maidment and Paul M. Barrett (2011). "Phylogeny of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology in press. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.569091. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772019.2011.569091.
- ^ a b Burns, Michael E. (2008). "Taxonomic utility of ankylosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) osteoderms: Glyptodontopelta mimus Ford, 2000: a test case". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 (4): 1102–1109. doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1102.
- ^ Vickaryous, M. K., Maryanska, T., and Weishampel, D. B. (2004). Chapter Seventeen: Ankylosauria. in The Dinosauria (2nd edition), Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H., editors. University of California Press.
- Carpenter, K. (2001). "Phylogenetic analysis of the Ankylosauria." In Carpenter, K., (ed.) 2001: The Armored Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis, 2001, pp. xv-526
- Osi, Attila (2005). Hungarosaurus tormai, a new ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(2):370-383, June 2003.
