Northwest Indiana

**Northwest Indiana**
	; Common name: The Region
Largest city; Other cities	Gary; - Hammond; - Michigan City; - Portage; - Valparaiso
Counties	- Jasper; - Lake; - LaPorte; - Newton; - Porter

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Northwest Indiana, also known as the South Shore, The Calumet Region, or just The Region, comprises Lake, Porter, LaPorte, Newton, and Jasper counties in Indiana. This region neighbors Lake Michigan, and is part of the Chicago metropolitan area. Not only does Northwest Indiana include a large group of Chicago suburbs, such as Crown Point, Merrillville, Highland, Munster, Griffith, Schererville, Dyer, and St. John but also a number of cities whose economies are only loosely linked to Chicago's. The largest city in Northwest Indiana is Gary; other notable cities in Northwest Indiana include Hobart, Portage, East Chicago, Valparaiso, and Michigan City.

[edit] Overview

The counties of Lake, Porter, LaPorte, Jasper, and Newton are included in the Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City Combined Statistical Area, the broadest of the census defined Metropolitan definitions. Unlike the majority of Indiana, which operates on Eastern Standard Time, these five counties are among six in Northwestern Indiana that are in the Central Time Zone, the other being Starke. This reflects their close economic integration in the Chicago metropolitan area. This area of Indiana, along with the Illinois counties of Cook (southern), Will, Kankakee, and Iroquois, are often referred to as Illiana (pronounced "Il-ee-AN-a") by local media.

Three counties- Lake, Porter, and LaPorte- are served by the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission ^[1], an organization that coordinates economic and infrastructure development.

Northwest Indiana embodies several sociocultural elements that make it a distinct region within the state. One distinguishing feature is that the Inland North dialect of American English is dominant, as opposed to the Midland dialect prevalent in of the rest of Indiana. Additionally, Northwest Indiana has a strong blend of Eastern European heritage among its white population, which can be seen in festivals like the annual Pierogi Fest in Whiting. Northwest Indiana also contains some of the state's largest concentrations of African-Americans and Hispanics.

[edit] Geography

The Long Stairs up the dune at West Beach on the Succession Trail

The Lake Michigan shore is a major attraction. Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, which stretches from Gary to Michigan City, is a well-preserved stretch of sand dunes, beaches, grasslands, and forests, as well as several historical homes and buildings.

Other prominent geographical features of Northwest Indiana include the Valparaiso Moraine, Tinley Moraine, Calumet Shoreline, Glenwood Shoreline, and the Kankakee River and Kankakee Outwash Plain.

[edit] Chicago Lake Plain

The Chicago Lake Plain covers the northern quarter of Northwest Indiana. Initially, the plain was flat, composed of glacio-lacustrine deposits. These formed under the waters of glacial Lake Michigan. The lake formed from the melting glaciers north of the Valparaiso Moraine. Eventually the lake topped a low spot on the moraine. This lowered the lake level to current day Lake Michigan levels (Horsley, 1986).^[2] Along the Lake Michigan shoreline, the prevailing winds have built a series of dune ridges, breaking up the original flat surface of the Lake Plain.

[edit] Wheaton Morainal Plain

Physiography of the Upper Illinois River Basin

South of the Chicago Lake Plain is the Wheaton Morainal Plain. The Wheaton Morainal Plain follows the Valparaiso Moraine in a sweeping arc, paralleling the Lake Michigan Shoreline. The plain consist of rolling Wisconsinan-age moraines. The Morainal Plain is clayey till, and sandy and loamy till, with areas of sand and gravel. Other deposits include lake clay, silt, and alluvium. Deposits are between 50 and 200 ft thick, with many southern areas have over 200 ft of till. (Mades, 1987). ^[2]

[edit] Kankakee Till Plain

The Kankakee Till Plain is an outwash plain formed by the variable gradient, variable volume, and variable velocity of glacial floods (Mickelson and others, 1984). Deposits are predominately sand and gravel, but also include alluvium and fill materials. Deposits average less than 200 ft thick; in the lowlands they can be less than 50 ft thick, while in the upland they can be more than 200 ft thick. Local elevation changes are less than 100 ft. ^[2]

[edit] Bloomington Ridged Plain

The Bloomington Ridged Plain covers only the most southern part of Northwest Indiana in the valley of the Iroquois River. This area consists of low and rolling hills, i.e., moraines with less than 300 ft changes in elevation. The soils are loamy till, lake clay and silt. Unlike the northern half of Northwest Indiana, the Huron-Erie glacial lobe left these deposits in it northeastward retreat. Deposits are less than 200 ft thick; with some of more than 400 feet thick. ^[2]

[edit] Steuben Morainal Lake Area

The Steuben Morainal Lake Area is also the remains of the Saginaw glacial lob and covers only the eastern-most part of the Northwest Indiana. The area includes knob and kettles. ‘Knobs are formed when a melting glacier deposits hills of sand and gravel into a depression left by the ice. Kettles are formed when ice blocks from a glacier melt in depressions left by the ice.’ Many of the kames and peat bogs throughout this area are formed in these Kettles. Deposits are loamy till of more 200 ft thick. Variation in elevation is less than 110 feet. (Schneider, 1966). ^[2]

[edit] Economy

The northern portion of Northwest Indiana is noted for its heavy industry. Gary, Portage, Burns Harbor and East Chicago are home to major steel mills, including the largest North American facilities for both U.S. Steel (Gary Works) and Arcelor Mittal (Indiana Harbor). Whiting is home to the largest oil refinery in the Midwestern U.S., operated by BP. Other industrial outputs include fabricated metals, transportation equipment, and food products.

Since the 1990s, casino gambling has become a significant component of Northwest Indiana's economy. Four casino boats, with approximately 7,000 slots and 200 table games, are located along Lake Michigan in Lake County. An additional 1,724 slots and forty nine table games are in Michigan City.

Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels and the Indiana State Legislature formed the entity known as the Northwest Indiana Regional Development Authority (RDA) in 2006.^[3] The RDA is vested with both authority and tax dollars to invest in transportation and economic development in Northwest Indiana.

A number of Northwest Indiana's suburban towns and cities serve as bedroom communities for Chicago. Retail trade, health care and other service industries represent the dominant economic activities in these areas.

[edit] Education

Four major universities are located in Northwest Indiana: Valparaiso University in Valparaiso (the largest private Lutheran University in the United States), Indiana University Northwest (IUN) in Gary, Purdue University Calumet in Hammond, and Purdue University North Central in Westville. Along with several smaller colleges and universities in Northwest Indiana, these institutions offer a variety of degree programs in areas including business administration, engineering and engineering technology, law, education, computing and information technology, and the liberal arts. Additionally, Northwest Indiana is proximate to numerous other universities elsewhere in Indiana and in the Chicago metropolitan area.

[edit] Counties

[edit] Census Bureau population statistics

Census Area	2000 Census	1990 Census	1980 Census	1970 Census	1960 Census	1950 Census
Jasper County, Indiana	30,043	24,960	26,138	20,429	18,842	17,031
Lake County, Indiana	484,564	475,594	522,965	546,253	513,269	368,152
LaPorte County, Indiana	110,106	107,066	108,632	105,342	95,111	76,808
Newton County, Indiana	14,566	13,551	14,844	11,606	11,502	11,006
Porter County, Indiana	146,798	128,932	119,816	87,114	60,279	40,076

[edit] Transportation

[edit] Major airports

Gary/Chicago International Airport (GYY)

[edit] Commuter rail

South Shore Train at Dunes Park

*South Shore Line connecting Chicago to South Bend, Indiana, passing through Gary and Michigan City

[edit] Highways

[edit] Area codes

219
574

[edit] Local media

[edit] Print

The Times of Northwest Indiana - Print, Online
Post-Tribune - Print, Online
Region Sports Network - Print, Online, Broadcast
Chesterton Tribune - Print, Online

[edit] Broadcast

WEFM (FM) 95.9 - Radio
WGVE-FM 88.7 - Radio
WIMS (AM) 1429 - Radio
WJOB (AM) 1230 - Radio
WLTH (AM) 1370 - Radio
WWCA (AM) 1420 - Radio
WJYS-TV - 62/36 Television
WYCC-TV - 20/21 Television
WYIN-TV - 56/17 Television

[edit] Northwest Indiana natives

[edit] Parks and Nature Areas

Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter County^[4]
- Cowles Bog
- Pinhook Bog, LaPorte County
- Hoosier Prairie, Lake County
Indiana Dunes State Park, Porter County
- Dunes Nature Preserve
Fish Lake Wildlife Conservation Area, Fish Lake, LaPorte County^[4]
Kingsbury Fish and Wildlife Area, Kingbury, LaPorte County
Jasper-Pulaski Fish and Wildlife Area, Radioville, Pulaski County
Stoutsburg Savanna Nature Preserve, Wheatfield, Jasper County (rolling sand ridges)^[4]
LaSalle Fish and Wildlife Area
Conrad Savanna Nature Preserve, Conrad, Newton County (black and white oak savanna)^[4]
Willow Slough Fish and Wildlife Area, Morocco, Newton County

[edit] References

^ Welcome to the NIRPC Home Page
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Environmental Setting of the Upper Illinois River Basin and Implications for Water Quality Water-Resources Investigations Report 98–4268; Terri L. Arnold, Daniel J. Sullivan, Mitchell A. Harris, Faith A. Fitzpatrick, Barbara C. Scudder, Peter M. Ruhl, Dorothea W. Hanchar, and Jana S. Stewart; U.S. Geologic Survey, Department of the Interior; Urbana, Illinois; 1999; pg 11
^ RDA: Home
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Indiana Atlas and Gazetter; DeLorme, Yarmouth, Vermont

[edit] External links

[0] Welcome to the NIRPC Home Page

[Arnold-1] Environmental Setting of the Upper Illinois River Basin and Implications for Water Quality Water-Resources Investigations Report 98–4268; Terri L. Arnold, Daniel J. Sullivan, Mitchell A. Harris, Faith A. Fitzpatrick, Barbara C. Scudder, Peter M. Ruhl, Dorothea W. Hanchar, and Jana S. Stewart; U.S. Geologic Survey, Department of the Interior; Urbana, Illinois; 1999; pg 11

[2] RDA: Home

[DeLormeIndiana-3] Indiana Atlas and Gazetter; DeLorme, Yarmouth, Vermont

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Common name: The Region
Largest city Other cities	Gary - Hammond - Michigan City - Portage - Valparaiso
Counties	- Jasper - Lake - LaPorte - Newton - Porter