Nottinghamshire: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox England county |
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| name = Nottinghamshire |
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| image = |
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| motto = |
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| map = [[Image:EnglandNottinghamshire.png]] |
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| status = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial]] & (smaller) [[Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England|Non-metropolitan]] county |
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| origin = [[Historic counties of England|Historic]] |
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| region = [[East Midlands]] |
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| arearank = [[List of Ceremonial counties of England by Area|Ranked 27th]] |
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| area_km2 = 2160 |
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| adminarearank = [[List of Administrative shire counties of England by Area|Ranked 24th]] |
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| adminarea_km2 = 2085 |
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| adminhq = [[West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire|West Bridgford]] |
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| iso = GB-NTT |
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| ons = 37 |
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| nuts3 = UKF15/16 |
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| poprank = [[List of ceremonial counties of England by population|Ranked {{English cerem counties|RNK=Nottinghamshire}}]] |
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| popestdate = {{English statistics year}} |
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| pop = {{English cerem counties|POP=Nottinghamshire}} |
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| density_km2 = {{English cerem counties|DEN=Nottinghamshire}} |
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| adminpoprank = [[List of non-metropolitan counties of England by population|Ranked {{English admin counties|RNK=Nottinghamshire}}]] |
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| adminpop = {{English admin counties|POP=Nottinghamshire}} |
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| ethnicity = 94.1% White<br />2.5% S. Asian<br />1.5% Afro-Carib. |
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| council = [[Image:Arms-nottinghamshire.jpg]] |
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Nottinghamshire County Council<br />http://www.nottscc.gov.uk/ |
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| exec = {{English county control|CTY=Nottinghamshire}} |
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| mps = *[[Graham Allen (politician)|Graham Allen]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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* [[Kenneth Clarke]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]] |
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* [[Vernon Coaker]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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* [[John Heppell]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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* [[Geoff Hoon]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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* [[John Mann (politician)|John Mann]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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* [[Alan Meale]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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* [[Patrick Mercer]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]] |
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* [[Nick Palmer]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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* [[Alan Simpson (politician)|Alan Simpson]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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* [[Paddy Tipping]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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| subdivmap = [[Image:Nottinghamshire Ceremonial Numbered.png|100px]] |
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| subdivs = #[[Rushcliffe]] |
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#[[Broxtowe]] |
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#[[Ashfield]] |
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#[[Gedling]] |
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#[[Newark and Sherwood]] |
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#[[Mansfield (district)|Mansfield]] |
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#[[Bassetlaw]] |
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#[[Nottingham]] (Unitary) |
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}} |
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'''Nottinghamshire''' (abbreviated '''Notts''') is an [[Counties of England|English county]] in the [[East Midlands]], which borders [[South Yorkshire]], [[Lincolnshire]], [[Leicestershire]] and [[Derbyshire]]. The [[county town]] is traditionally [[Nottingham]], though the council is now based in [[West Bridgford]], a suburb of Nottingham (at a site facing Nottingham over the [[River Trent]]). |
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The districts of Nottinghamshire are [[Ashfield]], [[Bassetlaw]], [[Broxtowe]], [[Gedling]], [[Mansfield (district)|Mansfield]], [[Newark and Sherwood]], and [[Rushcliffe]]. The [[Nottingham|City of Nottingham]] was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998 but is now a [[Unitary authorities in England|unitary authority]] although it remains part of the historic and ceremonial county. |
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As of 2006 the county is estimated to have a population of just over one million. Over half of the population of the county live in the conurbation of [[Greater Nottingham]] which also spreads into [[Derbyshire]]. The conurbation has a population of about 650,000, though less than half live within the city boundaries. |
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==History== |
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{{main|History of Nottinghamshire}} |
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Nottinghamshire lies on the [[Roman Britain|Roman]] [[Fosse Way]], and there are Roman settlements in the county, for example at [[Mansfield]]. The county was settled by [[Angles]] around the 5th century, and became part of the Kingdom, and later Earldom, of [[Mercia]]. However, there is evidence of [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] settlement at [[Oxton, Nottinghamshire|Oxton]], near Nottingham, and [[Tuxford]], east of [[Sherwood Forest]]. The name first occurs in 1016, but until 1568 the county was administratively united with Derbyshire, under a single [[Sheriff]]. In [[Normans|Norman]] times the county developed [[malting]] and [[woollen]] industries. During the [[industrial revolution]] canals and railways came to the county, and the [[lace]] and [[cotton]] industries grew. In the 19th century [[collieries]] opened and mining became an important economic sector, though these declined after the [[UK miners' strike (1984-1985)|1984-5 miners' strike]]. |
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Until 1610, Nottinghamshire was divided into eight [[Wapentakes]]. Sometime between 1610 and 1719 they were reduced to six – [[Newark (wapentake)|Newark]], [[Bassetlaw (wapentake)|Bassetlaw]], [[Thurgarton (wapentake)|Thurgarton]], [[Rushcliffe (wapentake)|Rushcliffe]], [[Broxtowe (wapentake)|Broxtowe]] and [[Bingham (wapentake)|Bingham]], some of these names still being used for the modern districts. Oswaldbeck was absorbed in Bassetlaw, of which it forms the North Clay division, and Lythe in Thurgarton. |
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Nottinghamshire is famous for its involvement with the legend of [[Robin Hood]]. This is also the reason for the amount of tourists who visit places like [[Sherwood Forest]], City of [[Nottingham]] and the surrounding villages in Sherwood Forest. |
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Nottinghamshire was mapped first by [[Christopher Saxton]] in 1576, the first fully surveyed map of the county was by John Chapman who produced Chapman's Map of Nottinghamshire in 1774.<ref>Chapman's Map of Nottinghamshire 1774. Nottinghamshire County Council ISBN 0-902751-46-8.</ref> The map was the earliest printed map at a sufficiently useful scale (1 statute mile to one inch) to provide basic information on village layout and the existence of landscape features such as roads, milestones, tollbars, parkland and mills. |
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==Physical geography== |
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Nottinghamshire, like [[Derbyshire]] and [[South Yorkshire]], sits on extensive [[coal]] measures, up to 900 [[metre]]s (3,000 [[foot (unit of length)|feet]]) thick and occurring largely in the north of the county. There is an [[oilfield]] near [[Eakring]]. These are overlaid by [[sandstone]]s and [[limestone]]s in the west and [[clay]] in the east<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911. [http://98.1911encyclopedia.org/N/NO/NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.htm "Nottinghamshire, Geology"]. Accessed [[2005-12-11]].</ref>. The north of the county is part of the [[York]] [[plain]]. The centre and south west of the county, around Sherwood Forest, features undulating hills with ancient [[oak]] woodland. Principal rivers are the [[River Trent|Trent]], [[River Idle|Idle]], [[River Erewash|Erewash]] and [[River Soar|Soar]]. The Trent, fed by the Soar and Erewash, and Idle, composed of many streams from Sherwood Forest, run through wide and flat valleys, merging at [[Misterton, Nottinghamshire|Misterton]]. The natural highest point of the county is Strawberry Bank, in [[Huthwaite]]. |
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Nottinghamshire is sheltered by the [[Pennines]] to the west, so receives relatively low rainfall at 641-740 [[millimeter|mm]] (25-29 [[inch|in]]) annually<ref>Met Office, 2000. [http://www.metoffice.com/climate/uk/averages/19712000/rr/17.gif Annual average rainfall for the United Kingdom].</ref>. The average temperature of the county is 8.8-10.1 degrees [[Celsius]] (48-50 degrees [[Fahrenheit]]).<ref>Met Office, 2000. [http://www.metoffice.com/climate/uk/averages/19712000/tmean/17.gif Annual average temperature for the United Kingdom].</ref> The county receives between 1321 and 1470 hours of sunshine per year.<ref>Met Office, 2000. [http://www.metoffice.com/climate/uk/averages/19712000/ss/17.gif Annual average sunshine for the United Kingdom].</ref> |
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==Politics== |
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Nottinghamshire is represented by [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|members of parliament]], of which nine are members of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], and two are [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]]. [[Geoff Hoon]], representative for [[Ashfield]], is a front-bench member of the government. [[Kenneth Clarke]] of [[Rushcliffe]] is a former Conservative [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]. |
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The County Council is Labour controlled. There are 67 councillors, of which 36 are Labour, 26 are Conservatives and five are [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]].<ref>Nottinghamshire County Council, 2005. Local government is devolved to seven local borough and district councils, Bassetlaw Gedling Newark and Sherwood and Rushcliffe are Conservative controlled while Mansfield is controlled by the local Independent forum. Ashfield and Broxtowe have no overall control but are both led by the Liberal Democrat groups |
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Since the council was last elected in 2003 there have been two By-Elections in Hucknall (Conservative Win) and Sutton North (Liberal Democrat gain from Labour) |
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Local government is devolved to seven local borough and district councils, [[Bassetlaw]] [[Gedling]] [[Newark and Sherwood]] and [[Rushcliffe]] are Conservative controlled while [[Mansfield]] is controlled by the local Independent forum. [[Ashfield]] and [[Broxtowe]] have no overall control but are both led by the Liberal Democrat groups. |
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[http://www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/your_council/elections.htm Election Results].</ref> |
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==Economy and industry== |
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In 1998 Nottinghamshire had a [[GDP]] per-capita of [[Pound Sterling|£]]12,000, and a total GDP of £12,023 million. This is compared to a per-capita GDP of £11,848 for the East Midlands, £12,845 for England and £12,548 for the United Kingdom. Nottingham has a GDP per-capita of £17,373, North Nottinghamshire £10,176, and South Nottinghamshire £8,448<ref>Office for National Statistics, 2001. [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/regional_trends_2001/rt36.pdf Regional Trends 26] ch:14.7 (PDF). Accessed 2005-12-24.</ref>. In October 2005 the United Kingdom had 4.7% unemployment, the East Midlands 4.4%, and Nottingham travel-to-work area 2.4%<ref>East Midlands Observatory, 2005. [http://www.eastmidlandsobservatory.org.uk/popup.asp?thetype=2&thefile=uploads/documents/8A138/labour%5Fmarket%5Ffigures%5Foctober%5F2005%2Ehtm Labour Market Statistics for October 2005]. Accessed 2005-12-24.</ref>. |
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Along the Trent on the county's eastern edge, close to the former coalfields, are two large power stations of [[Cottam power station|Cottam]] and [[West Burton power station|West Burton]]. [[High Marnham power station|High Marnham]] is now closed. South of Nottingham, again near the Trent, is the [[Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station]] and near Newark there are plans for a [[Combined cycle|gas-turbine power station]] at [[Staythorpe]], next to the Trent, on the site of the former [http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/452943 Staythorpe] A & B [[Fossil fuel power plant|coal-fired power station]]s. There are two current coal mines at [http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/349346 Thoresby] between [[Edwinstowe]] and [[Ollerton]], and [http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/319169 Welbeck] at [[Meden Vale]] near [[Market Warsop]]. The pit at [[Harworth]], in the far north of the county, faced closure in 2006, but was mothballed instead. Many pits in the Worksop and central-Nottinghamshire area were closed in the 1990s. |
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==Education== |
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The county has comprehensive secondary education with 47 state secondary schools and 7 independent schools, including [[Worksop College]], and the City of Nottingham [[Local education authority|LEA]] has 18 state schools and 6 independent schools, not including [[sixth form college]]s. |
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9700 pupils took GCSEs in Nottinghamshire LEA in 2007. The best results were from the [[West Bridgford School]], closely followed by [[Rushcliffe Comprehensive School]] and the Minster School in [[Southwell, Nottinghamshire|Southwell]]. All schools in the Rushcliffe district perform very well, except for the [[Dayncourt School Specialist Sports College|one]] in [[Radcliffe on Trent]]. The lowest performing was the Queen Elizabeth's Endowed School in Mansfield. In the city, the best results came from the [[Trinity School (Nottingham)|Trinity Catholic School]] and the Fernwood School in [[Wollaton]]. |
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At A level, the best was [[The Becket School]] followed by the West Bridgford School with outstanding results. These are higher than the main independent school in the county, [[Worksop College]]. In the city, [[Bilborough College]] does the best, although not as good as the two West Bridgford schools. The [[Nottingham Bluecoat School]] (not far from the Trinity School) does reasonably well, however the best results of all come from the all-male [[Nottingham High School]] closely followed by the all-female [[Nottingham High School for Girls]], both independent schools with the best results of all schools in the East Midlands. |
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===GCSE results by district council=== |
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% of pupils gaining 5 grades A-C including English and Maths in 2007 (46.8% is the England average, compared to Nottinghamshire's 41.7%). |
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* Rushcliffe 61.9 |
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* Gedling 46.2 |
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* Broxtowe 41.3 |
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* Ashfield 38.3 |
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* Newark and Sherwood 38.2 |
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* Mansfield 35.1 |
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* Bassetlaw 34.8 |
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* (City of Nottingham Unitary Authority 33.1) |
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===Higher education=== |
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[[Nottingham Trent University]] (formerly Trent Polytechnic) is one of the most successful post-[[Further and Higher Education Act 1992|1992]] [[New Universities|universities]] in the UK. The [[University of Nottingham]] (situated between the [[Queen's Medical Centre|QMC]] and [[Beeston, Nottinghamshire|Beeston]]) is a [[Russell Group]] university and very well-renowned, offering one of the broadest selection of courses in the UK. It has close links with the [[Alliance Boots|Boots]] company. Both universities combine to make Nottingham one of the biggest student cities. NTU also has an agricultural college near Southwell and the University has one at [[Sutton Bonington]]. |
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[[Image:Larwood.jpg|thumb|160px|National and County cricket player [[Harold Larwood]].]] |
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==Culture== |
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Nottinghamshire contains the ancestral home of the poet [[Lord Byron]], [[Newstead Abbey]], which he sold in 1818. It is now owned by Nottingham City Council and open to the public. The author [[D. H. Lawrence]] was from Eastwood in Nottinghamshire. The north of the county is also noteworthy because of its connections with the [[Pilgrims|Pilgrim Fathers]]. [[William Brewster (Pilgrim)|William Brewster]], for example, came from the village of Scrooby and was influenced by [[Richard Clyfton]] who preached at [[Babworth]] [http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/82267 church]. |
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[[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club]] is a [[first-class cricket|first class]] [[cricket]] club who play at [[Trent Bridge]] in West Bridgford. They won the [[County Championship]] in 2005. [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] are a [[Football League Championship|Championship]] football club following promotion in 2008, [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]] are in [[Football League Two|League Two]] and [[Mansfield Town F.C.|Mansfield Town]] are a [[Conference National]] team having been relegated from the [[Football League]], also in 2008. Other notable teams are [[Nottingham R.F.C.|Nottingham Rugby Football Club]] and [[Nottingham Panthers|Nottingham Panthers Ice Hockey Club]]. |
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Nottinghamshire has international [[town twinning|twinning]] arrangements with the province of [[Greater Poland Voivodeship|Wielkopolska]] (Greater Poland) in western [[Poland]], and with its capital city, [[Poznan]].<ref>Nottinghamshire County Council. [http://www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/your_council/howweprovideyourservices/partnerships/internationalandtwinning/transnationalpartnerships.htm Transnational partnerships.]</ref> |
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== Settlements and communications == |
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[[Image:Nottingham-express-transit.jpg|thumb|220px|The council house and a tram in Nottingham market square.]] |
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:''See also: [[list of places in Nottinghamshire]].'' |
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The traditional county town, and the largest settlement in the historic and ceremonial county boundaries, is [[Nottingham]]. The City is now administratively independent, but suburbs including [[Arnold, Nottinghamshire|Arnold]], [[Carlton, Nottinghamshire|Carlton]], [[West Bridgford]], [[Beeston, Nottinghamshire|Beeston]] and [[Stapleford, Nottinghamshire|Stapleford]] are still within the administrative county and West Bridgford is now home of the county council. |
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There are several [[market town]]s in the county. [[Newark-on-Trent]] is a bridging point of the [[Fosse Way]] and [[River Trent]], but is actually an [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] market town with a now ruined [[Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire|Castle]]. [[Mansfield]] sits on the site of a [[Roman Britain|Roman]] settlement, but grew after the [[Norman Conquest]]. [[Worksop]], in the north of the county, is also an Anglo-Saxon market town which grew rapidly in the [[industrial revolution]] with the arrival of [[canal]]s and [[railway]]s and the discovery of [[coal]]. Newark, Mansfield and Worksop have suffered from the decline of mining since the [[UK miners' strike (1984-1985)|1984-5 miners' strike]]. Other market towns include [[Arnold, Nottinghamshire|Arnold]], [[Bingham, Nottinghamshire|Bingham]], [[Hucknall]], [[Kirkby-in-Ashfield]], and [[Retford]]. |
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The main railway in the county is the [[Midland Main Line]] which links [[London]] [[St Pancras Station]] to [[Sheffield]] via Nottingham. The [[Robin Hood Line]] between Nottingham and Worksop serves several villages in the county. The East Coast Main Line from London King's Cross to Doncaster, Leeds, York, Hull Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Scotland serves the eastern Nottinghamshire towns of Newark and Retford. The [[M1 motorway]] runs north–south through the county, connecting Nottingham to London, [[Leeds]] and many other towns and major roads. |
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The [[A1 road (Great Britain)|A1 road]] follows for the most part the path of the Great North Road, although in places it diverges from the historic route where towns have been bypassed. Retford was by-passed in 1961 and Newark-on-Trent was by-passed in 1964, and the A1 now runs between Retford and Worksop past the village of [[Ranby, Nottinghamshire|Ranby]]. Many historic [[coaching inn]]s can still be seen along the traditional route. |
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The [[East Midlands Airport]] is just outside the county in [[Leicestershire]], while the [[Robin Hood Airport]] lies within the historic boundaries of Nottinghamshire but is just inside [[South Yorkshire]]. These airports serve the county and several of its neighbours. Together the airports have services to most major [[Europe]]an destinations, and the East Midlands Airport now also has services to [[North America]] and [[Caribbean]] countries. As well as local [[bus]] services throughout the county, Nottingham and its suburbs have a [[tram]] system, [[Nottingham Express Transit]]. |
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== Places of interest == |
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* [[Clumber Park]] |
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* [[Creswell Crags]] |
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* [[Rufford Country Park]] |
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* [[Southwell Minster]] |
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* [[Sherwood Forest]] |
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* [[Ye Olde Trip To Jerusalem]] |
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* [[Hawton]] Church |
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* [[Nottingham Castle]] |
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* [[Newstead Abbey]] |
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* [[Sherwood Observatory]] |
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==References== |
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<references /> |
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==External links== |
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{{commonscat|Nottinghamshire}} |
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{{coord|53|N|1|W|display=title}} |
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* [http://www.visitnottingham.com Visit Nottinghamshire] |
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* [http://www.nottsproperty.com/ Find property for sale or rent in Notts] |
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* [http://www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk Nottinghamshire County Council] |
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* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham BBC Nottingham] |
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* [http://notts.indymedia.org.uk Nottinghamshire Indymedia] |
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* [http://www.nottinghamshire.police.uk Nottinghamshire Police] |
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* [http://flickrnottingham.com Flickr Nottingham] A collaborative blog from the members of the Nottingham Flickr Group, covering the county as well as the city |
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* [http://www.nottsclubbing.co.uk/ Nottingham Nightclub Guide] |
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* [http://www.inottinghamshire.co.uk Nottinghamshire only search] |
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<br /> |
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{{England counties}} |
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Revision as of 17:09, 10 October 2008
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