Nouakchott

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نواكشوط Nouakchott
Mosque in Central Nouakchott.
نواكشوط Nouakchott Map of Mauritania showing Nouakchott
Coordinates: 18°6′N 15°57′W / 18.1°N 15.95°W / 18.1; -15.95Coordinates: 18°6′N 15°57′W / 18.1°N 15.95°W / 18.1; -15.95
Capital district	Nouakchott
Government
- Mayor	Didi Ould Bounaama
Area
- Total	1,000 km2 (400 sq mi)
Population (1999)
- Total	881,000

Nouakchott (Arabic: نواكشوط‎ or انواكشوط‎ [alleged translation from Berber "The place of the winds"] Nawākšūṭ) is the capital and by far the largest city of Mauritania. It is one of the largest cities in the Sahara. The city is the administrative and economic centre of Mauritania.

Contents 1 Geography 2 Climate 3 History 4 Government 5 Demographics 5.1 Slum resettlement 6 Infrastructure 6.1 Railway 7 Fresh water 8 Education 9 Culture 10 International relations 10.1 Twin towns - Sister cities 11 See also 12 References 13 External links

[edit] Geography

Located on the Atlantic coast of the Sahara, it lies on the west coast, on the Atlantic Ocean, although with the exception of Nouakchott Wharf and a deep water port, the coastal strip is mostly left empty and allowed to flood.

Due to the rapid build-up, the city is quite spread out, with few tall buildings. It also often acts as an interface between urban Mauritanians and their nomadic fellow citizens.

Nouakchott is built around a large tree-lined street, Avenue Abdel Nasir, which runs northeast through the city center from the airport. Other major streets are named (in French) for notable Mauritanian figures, or international personages of the 1960s: Avenue de Gaulle, Avenue Kennedy, and Avenue Lumumba, for example.

Nouakchott is a vital city to Mauritania because of imports and exports, particularly of certain minerals and crops. Nouakchott also has 8 oil blocks off the coast to use.

[edit] Climate

Temperatures range between 33 °C (92 °F) and 13 °C (56 °F), and the average rainfall is 130 millimetres (5.1 in) a year.

Climate chart for Nouakchott
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
0   28 16	2   31 17	1   33 19	0   34 19	0   35 21	2   35 23	12   32 24	58   33 25	39   36 26	8   37 24	3   34 20	1   30 17
average temperatures in °C precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0   82 61     0.1   88 63     0   91 66     0   93 66     0   95 70     0.1   95 73     0.5   90 75     2.3   91 77     1.5   97 79     0.3   99 75     0.1   93 68     0   86 63 average temperatures in °F precipitation totals in inches

[edit] History

A tiny fishing town until 1958, Nouakchott was mentioned little during pre-colonial and colonial history. It is possible that the Berber Muslim Almoravids were originally from the area. Despite its name, based on a Berber expression meaning "place of the winds", the city was selected as the capital city for its moderate climate and central location within the country.^[1]

Mauritania was part of the larger French colony of French West Africa, and as such had no capital during the colonial period: Saint-Louis, in Senegal held that position. In 1957, this small port town was chosen to be the capital of the new country, and an ambitious building program was begun to increase its population to 15,000. In 1958 Mauritania was formed as an autonomous republic in the French Community, and in 1960 it became an independent country, with Nouakchott as its capital.

The city has had rapid growth, driven by the north African drought since the beginning of the 1970s: many have moved to the city in search of a better life. The population is estimated to have been just under 1,000,000 in 2000, and to have grown to above 2,000,000 as of 2008.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Government

The town was first divided into districts (moughataa) in 1973. First it was divided into four. From 1986, the city has been split into nine districts.^[2]

• Arafat
• Dar Naim
• El Mina
• Ksar
• Riad
• Sebkha
• Tevragh-Zeina
• Teyarett
• Toujounine

[edit] Demographics

For comparison, its population was only 20,000 in 1969 and 150,000 in 1980. Part of the difficulty in estimating the city's population is that part of it is literally nomadic, setting up tents in suitable locations, then packing up when the need strikes.

Although Islam is the state religion in Mauritania, Nouakchott includes the Cathedral of St. Joseph, a Catholic cathedral.

[edit] Slum resettlement

In 2009, the government of Mauritania announced that it would begin a process of clearing the slum on the outskirts of Nouakchott. 24,000 families would eventually be relocated to planned housing within the city. The process is scheduled to begin with the relocation of 9,000 families from the outskirts into the poor Arafat department neighborhood of "Kosovo", popularly named for its high crime rate and poor services. The government plans to begin moving families in June 2009 despite concerns from aid agencies that needed infrastructure cannot be put in place in the receiving neighborhood.^[3]

[edit] Infrastructure

Nouakchott has a deep-sea port, opened in 1986, primarily used for imports. Annually, imports account for around 96.4 % of traffic at the port. A 1,100 kilometers (684 mi) road connects the city with Néma via Boutilimit and Kiffa.^[4] The city also features an international airport.

[edit] Railway

An agreement was signed on August 5, 2007 between Mauritania, Sudan, and China to build $630m Mauritania Railway linking the port of Nouakchott and phosphate mines at Bofal, about 430 km away. The line goes near the border with Senegal.

[edit] Fresh water

Although the rocks beneath the city contained a vast reservoir of fresh water, known as the Trarza Lake, fresh water is running out due to the large growth of the city.

[edit] Education

The city is home to the Université de Nouakchott, which is the only university in Mauritania and was opened in 1981. Other higher education facilities include the National School of Administration, and the National Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies. There are many primary and secondary schools, and an American International School of Nouakchott.

[edit] Culture

Attractions in Nouakchott include Nouakchott Museum, several markets including Nouakchott Silver Market, and the beaches. One beach is devoted to fishing boats where various species of fish can be bought fresh. The city also hosts the National Library and National Archives. Nouakchott is the principal location in Africa for world distribution of native Saharan meteorites.

[edit] International relations

[edit] Twin towns - Sister cities

Nouakchott is twinned with:

• Madrid, Spain^[5]
• Tucson, Arizona, USA

[edit] See also

• Transport in Mauritania

[edit] References

• Armelle Choplin et Riccardo Ciavolella, 2008 " Marges de la ville en marge du politique ? Logiques d’exclusion, de dépendance et d’autonomie à Nouakchott (Mauritanie) », Autrepart, n°45
• CHOPLIN A., 2006, Fabriquer des villes-capitales entre monde arabe et Afrique noire : Nouakchott (Mauritanie) et Khartoum (Soudan), étude comparée. Université Paris 1, 535 p.
• CHOPLIN A. 2006 « Le foncier urbain en Afrique : entre informel et rationnel, l’exemple de Nouakchott, Mauritanie », Les annales de géographie, n°647, pp. 69–91
• Anne-Marie Frérot, « Nouakchott, du puits nomade à la ville des pétroliers. Risques et représentations », Maghreb-Machrek, n°190, hiver 2006-2007.
• Philippe Tanguy, « L'urbanisation irrégulière à Nouakchott : 1960-2000 », Insaniyat, n°22, octobre - décembre 2003, (vol. VII, 4).
• DIAGANA I., 1993, Croissance urbaine et dynamique spatiale à Nouakchott, Thèse doct. : géographie : Lyon II, 314 p.)
• PITTE J.-R., 1977, Nouakchott, capitale de la Mauritanie. Paris : Univ. de Paris-Sorbonne, 200 p
• FallingRain Map - elevation = 7m

[edit] External links

• Lexicorient: Nouakchott
• Life in Nouakchott
• NASA Image
• FallingRain Map - elevation = 6m

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nouakchott

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