Nyala
| Nyala | |
|---|---|
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| Male | |
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| Female | |
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Bovidae |
| Genus: | Nyala |
| Species: | N. angasii |
| Binomial name | |
| Nyala angasii (Angas, 1849) |
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| 200px | |
| Geographic range | |
The Nyala (Nyala angasii) is a Southern African antelope. It is a spiral-horned dense-forest antelope that is uncomfortable in open spaces and is most often seen at water holes. Nyalas live alone or in small family groups of up to 10 individuals.[2]
The male stands up to 110 cm (3.5 feet), the female is up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall. The male has loosely spiraled horns and a long fringe on throat and underparts; the female has no horns and no noticeable fringe. The male is dark brown, white on the face and neck, with vertical white stripes on the body. The female is reddish brown with white vertical striping.
The rare Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) is limited to central Ethiopia. While superficially similar to the lowland Nyala, it is now considered more closely related to the kudu.[3]
The name "Nyala" is the Swahili name for this antelope, which itself comes from the Zulu "Inyala". The Latin name comes from "tragos" (he-goat), "elaphos" (deer), and George French Angas of South Australia.[4]
Nyala taxonomy and evolution
The Nyala is the second taxa to branch off of the Spiral-Horned Antelope family tree just after the Lesser Kudu. Fossil evidence suggests that the Nyala has been a separate species since the end of the Miocene (5.8 million years ago). Genetic evidence suggests that the proto-Nyala had some early hybridization with the proto-Lesser Kudu, but the two have remained separate long after this crossing.[5]
As the Nyala line has remained separate for a considerable amount of time (over 5 million years), it has now been placed in its own monotypic genus Nyala. Nyala, like Ammelaphus (Lesser Kudu), was proposed by Edmund Heller in 1912[6] but not widely recognized, and was only reestablished as a valid genus in 2011 by Peter Grubb and Colin Groves.[7]
There is no geographic variation for the genus Nyala, and thus no additional species or subspecies.
[edit] References
- ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). Tragelaphus angasii. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 29 March 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
- ^ Alden, P. C., R. D. Estes, D. Schlitter, and B. McBride. 1995. National Audubon Society Field Guide to African Wildlife. New York: Chanticleer Press.
- ^ Shuker, K. 1993. The Lost Ark: new and rediscovered animals of the Twentieth Century. London: HarperCollinsPublishers.
- ^ Nyala
- ^ Groves and Grubb (2011). Ungulate Taxonomy.
- ^ Heller, Edmund (1912). 3. New Genera and Races of African Ungulates.
- ^ Groves and Grubb (2011). Ungulate Taxonomy.
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