Objective-J

Objective-J

Paradigm(s)	Multi-paradigm: reflective, object oriented, functional, imperative, scripting
Appeared in	2008
Developer	280 North, Inc.
Typing discipline	dynamic, weak, duck
Influenced by	Objective-C, JavaScript
License	LGPL
Website	cappuccino.org

Objective-J is a programming language developed as part of the Cappuccino web development framework. Its syntax is nearly identical to the Objective-C syntax and it shares with JavaScript the same relationship that Objective-C has with the C programming language: that of being a strict, but small, superset; adding traditional inheritance and Smalltalk/Objective-C style dynamic dispatch. Pure JavaScript, being a prototype-based language, already has a notion of object orientation and inheritance, but Objective-J adds the use of class-based programming to JavaScript.

Programs written in Objective-J need to be preprocessed before being run by a web browser's JavaScript virtual machine. This step can occur in the web browser at runtime or by a compiler which translates Objective-J programs into pure JavaScript code. The Objective-J compiler is written in JavaScript; consequently, deploying Objective-J programs does not require a web browser plug-in.

Applications

The first widely known use of Objective-J was in the Cappuccino-based web application 280 Slides, which was developed by 280 North itself. Even though Objective-J can be used (and has been designed) independently from the Cappuccino framework, Objective-J has primarily been invented to support web development in Cappuccino.

Applications designed using the Cappuccino Framework

• Mockingbird
• PicEngine
• GithubIssues
• TimeTable
• Enstore
• Almost At
• Akshell - Online JavaScript Web-App IDE
• Archipel Project - Virtual machine orchestrator

Syntax

Objective-J is a superset of JavaScript, which means that any valid JavaScript code is also valid Objective-J code.

The following example shows the definition and implementation in Objective-J of a class named Address; this class extends the root object CPObject, which plays a role similar to the Objective-C's NSObject. This example differs from traditional Objective-C in that the root object reflects the underlying Cappuccino framework as opposed to Cocoa, Objective-J does not use pointers and, as such, type definitions do not contain asterisk characters (in Objective-C, all objects must be dynamically allocated). In addition, instance variable definitions are never done in the @implementation file.

@implementation Address : CPObject
{
   CPString name;
   CPString city;
}

- (id)initWithName:(CPString)aName city:(CPString)aCity
{
    self = [super init];

    name = aName;
    city = aCity;

    return self;
}

-(void)setName:(CPString)aName
{
      name = aName;
}

-(CPString)name
{
      return name;
}

+(id)newAddressWithName:(CPString)aName city:(CPString)aCity
{
      return [[self alloc] initWithName:aName city:aCity];
}

@end

As with Objective-C, class method definitions and instance method definitions start with '+' (plus) and '-' (dash), respectively.

Memory management

Like Objective-C 2.0's garbage-collected mode, objects in Objective-J do not need to be manually released because they are automatically freed by JavaScript's garbage collector.

See also

• Cappuccino (application development framework)

External links

• Official website
• "Learning Objective-J". Cappuccino Web Framework. http://cappuccino.org/learn/tutorials/objective-j-tutorial.php.