Octane
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Octane | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 |
|
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [] |
| PubChem | |
| RTECS number | RG8400000 |
| SMILES |
|
| InChI |
|
| ChemSpider ID | |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C8H18 |
| Molar mass | 114.2285 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.703 g/ml, liquid |
| Melting point |
−57 °C (216 K) |
| Boiling point |
125.52 °C (398.7 K) |
| Solubility in water | Immiscible |
| Viscosity | 0.542 cP at 20 °C |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−250 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcH |
−5430 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Flammable (F) Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| R-phrases | R11, R38, R50/53, R65, R67 |
| S-phrases | (S2), S9, S16, S29, S33, S60, S61, S62 |
| Flash point | 13 °C |
| Autoignition temperature |
220 °C |
| Related compounds | |
| Related alkanes | Heptane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
|
Octane is a straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)6CH3.
Octane has 18 structural isomers (25 including stereoisomers):
- Octane (n-octane)
- 2-Methylheptane
- 3-Methylheptane (2 enantiomers)
- 4-Methylheptane
- 3-Ethylhexane
- 2,2-Dimethylhexane
- 2,3-Dimethylhexane (2 enantiomers)
- 2,4-Dimethylhexane (2 enantiomers)
- 2,5-Dimethylhexane
- 3,3-Dimethylhexane
- 3,4-Dimethylhexane (2 enantiomers + 1 meso compound)
- 3-Ethyl-2-methylpentane (2 enantiomers)
- 3-Ethyl-3-methylpentane
- 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane (2 enantiomers)
- 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (isooctane)
- 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
- 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
- 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
[edit] Metaphorical use
Octane became well-known in American popular culture in the mid- and late-sixties, when gasoline companies boasted of "high octane" levels in their gasoline on television commercials. These commercials are referring to the octane rating, which is a measure for the anti-knocking properties of gasoline. The octane rating is not related to the amount of octane contained in the gasoline.
These commercials had disappeared by the time of the 1973 Oil Crisis, which spared gasoline companies the need to compete via advertising. "Octane" was rarely cited in non-technical contexts over the next two decades.
The compound adjective "high-octane" was apparently first used in its figurative sense (i.e. without reference to gasoline) in a book review of Michael Crichton's novel Jurassic Park (1990), which appeared in the newspaper New York Newsday. The review, by Gregory Feeley, called the novel "intellectually provocative, high-octane entertainment," and was quoted the following year in the front matter of the novel's paperback edition, which sold more than 15 million copies in the United States. By the mid-nineties, the phrase was commonly being used to as an intensifier, and (despite the paucity of references to octane in any other context) has apparently found a place in modern English vernacular.
[edit] References
 |
This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007) |
[edit] External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 0933
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 0470
- Material Safety Data Sheet for Octane
- Phytochemical database entry
- Chemical and physical properties table
- "High octane" in the urban dictionary
|
||||||||
