October 27
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October 27th)
October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 65 days remaining until the end of the year.
[edit] Events
- 312 – Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
- 710 – Saracen invasion of Sardinia.
- 939 – Edmund I succeeds Athelstan as King of England.
- 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
- 1524 – Italian Wars: The French troops lay siege to Pavia.
- 1553 – Condemned as a heretic, Michael Servetus is burned at the stake just outside Geneva.
- 1644 – Second Battle of Newbury in the English Civil War.
- 1682 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded.
- 1795 – The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, which establishes the boundaries between Spanish colonies and the U.S.
- 1806 – The French Army enters Berlin.
- 1810 – United States annexes the former Spanish colony of West Florida.
- 1827 – Bellini's third opera Il pirata is premiered at Teatro alla Scala di Milano
- 1838 – Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be exterminated.
- 1870 – Marshal François Achille Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at Metz along with 140,000 French soldiers in one of the biggest French defeats of the Franco-Prussian War.
- 1904 – The first underground New York City Subway line opens; the system becomes the biggest in United States, and one of the biggest in world.
- 1914 – World War I: The British super-dreadnought battleship HMS Audacious (23,400 tons), is sunk off Tory Island, north-west of Ireland, by a minefield laid by the armed German merchant-cruiser Berlin.
- 1916 – Battle of Segale: Negus Mikael, marching on the Ethiopian capital in support of his son Emperor Iyasus V, is defeated by Fitawrari abte Giyorgis, securing the throne for Empress Zauditu.
- 1922 – A referendum in Rhodesia rejects the country's annexation to the South African Union.
- 1924 – The Uzbek SSR is founded in the Soviet Union.
- 1930 – ratifications exchanged in London, for the first London Naval Treaty signed in April modifying the 1925 Washington Naval Treaty and the arms limitation treaty's modified provisions go into effect immediately; further limiting the expensive naval arms race between its five signatories.
- 1936 – Mrs Wallis Simpson files for divorce which would eventually allow her to marry King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, thus forcing his abdication from the throne.
- 1944 – World War II: German forces capture Banská Bystrica during Slovak National Uprising thus bringing it to an end.
- 1948 – Léopold Sédar Senghor founds the Senegalese Democratic Bloc.
- 1953 – British nuclear test Totem 2 is carried out at Emu Field, South Australia.
- 1954 – Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes the first African-American general in the United States Air Force.
- 1958 – Iskander Mirza, the first President of Pakistan, is deposed in a bloodless coup d'état by General Ayub Khan, who had been appointed the enforcer of martial law by Mirza 20 days earlier.
- 1961 – NASA launches the first Saturn I rocket in Mission Saturn-Apollo 1.
- 1961 – Mauritania and Mongolia join the United Nations.
- 1962 – Major Rudolf Anderson of the United States Air Force becomes the only direct human casualty of the Cuban Missile Crisis when his U-2 reconnaissance airplane is shot down in Cuba by a Soviet-supplied SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile.
- 1962 – A plane carrying Enrico Mattei, post-war Italian administrator, crashes in mysterious circumstances.
- 1964 – Ronald Reagan delivers a speech on behalf of Republican candidate for president, Barry Goldwater. The speech launched his political career and came to be known as "A Time for Choosing".
- 1967 – Catholic priest Philip Berrigan and others of the Baltimore Four protest the Vietnam War by pouring blood on Selective Service records.
- 1971 – The Democratic Republic of the Congo is renamed Zaire.
- 1973 – The Cañon City meteorite, a 1.4 kg chondrite type meteorite, strikes in Fremont County, Colorado.
- 1981 – The Soviet submarine U 137 runs aground on the east coast of Sweden.
- 1986 – The British government suddenly deregulates financial markets, leading to a total restructuring of the way in which they operate in the country, in an event now referred to as the Big Bang.
- 1988 – Ronald Reagan decides to tear down the new U.S. Embassy in Moscow because of Soviet listening devices in the building structure.
- 1991 – Turkmenistan achieves independence from the Soviet Union.
- 1992 – United States Navy radioman Allen R. Schindler, Jr. is brutally murdered by shipmate Terry M. Helvey for being gay, precipitating first military, then national, debate about gays in the military that resulted in the United States "Don't ask, don't tell" military policy.
- 1994 – The U.S. prison population tops 1 million for the first time in American history.
- 1994 – Gliese 229B is the first Substellar Mass Object to be unquestionably identified.
- 1995 – Latvia applies for membership in the European Union.
- 1995 – Former Prime Minister of Italy Bettino Craxi is convicted in absentia of corruption.
- 1997 – October 27, 1997 mini-crash: Stock markets around the world crash because of fears of a global economic meltdown. The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummets 554.26 points to 7,161.15.
- 1999 – Gunmen open fire in the Armenian Parliament, killing Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan, Parliament Chairman Karen Demirchyan, and 6 other members.
- 2004 – Major League Baseball: The Boston Red Sox complete a four-game sweep of the 2004 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals, giving the team their first World Series championship since 1918.
- 2005 – Riots begin in Paris after the deaths of two Muslim teenagers.
- 2005 – The SSETI Express micro-satellite is successfully launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome.
- 2011 – The Royal Australian Navy announces that they discovered the wreck of a World War II submarine in Simpson Harbour, Papua New Guinea during Operation RENDER SAFE - it is likely to be Japanese.
[edit] Births
- 1156 – Count Raymond VI of Toulouse (d. 1222)
- 1401 – Catherine of Valois, queen of Henry V of England (d. 1437)
- 1703 – Johann Gottlieb Graun, German Baroque/Classical era composer and violinist (d. 1771)
- 1728 – James Cook, British naval captain and explorer (d. 1779)
- 1744 – Mary Moser, English painter (d. 1819)
- 1760 – August von Gneisenau, Prussian field marshal (d. 1831)
- 1766 – Nancy Storace, the first soprano to sing Susanna in Mozart's opera Le nozze di Figaro (d. 1817)
- 1782 – Niccolò Paganini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1840)
- 1806 – Juan Seguín, Tejano commander during Texas Revolution (d. 1890)
- 1811 – Isaac Singer, American inventor (d. 1875)
- 1811 – Stevens Thomson Mason, 1st Governor of Michigan (d. 1843)
- 1814 – Daniel H. Wells, Mormon leader and politician (d. 1891)
- 1838 – John Davis Long, 32nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1915)
- 1842 – Giovanni Giolitti, Italian statesman (d. 1928)
- 1844 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1916)
- 1854 – Sir William Smith, Scottish founder of the Boys' Brigade (d. 1914)
- 1858 – Theodore Roosevelt, American politician, 33rd Governor of New York, 25th Vice President of the United States, 26th President of the United States, and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1919)
- 1865 – Charles Spencelayh, English painter (d. 1958)
- 1869 – Viola Allen, actress (d. 1948)
- 1873 – Emily Post, American etiquette author (d. 1960)
- 1877 – George Thompson, English cricketer (d. 1943)
- 1885 – Sigrid Hjertén, Swedish modernist painter (d. 1948)
- 1894 – Oliver Leese, British general (d. 1978)
- 1896 – Edith Brown, survivor of the Titanic (d. 1997)
- 1904 – Erno Schwarz, Hungarian American soccer player (d. 1974)
- 1906 – Earle Cabell, American politician (d. 1975)
- 1906 – Kazuo Ohno, Japanese dancer (d. 2010)
- 1908 – Lee Krasner, American painter (d. 1984)
- 1910 – Jack Carson, Canadian actor (d. 1963)
- 1911 – Leif Erickson, American actor and singer (d. 1986)
- 1913 – Joe Medicine Crow, American tribal historian and anthropologist
- 1914 – Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 1953)
- 1915 – Harry Saltzman, American film producer (d. 1994)
- 1917 – Augustine Harris, British Bishop of Middlesbrough (d. 2007)
- 1917 – Oliver Tambo, South African freedom fighter (d. 1993)
- 1918 – Teresa Wright, American actress (d. 2005)
- 1920 – Nanette Fabray, American actress
- 1920 – K. R. Narayanan, 10th President of India (d. 2005)
- 1921 – Warren Allen Smith, American encyclopedist
- 1922 – Poul Bundgaard, Danish actor and singer (d. 1998)
- 1922 – Michel Galabru, French actor
- 1922 – Ralph Kiner, American baseball player
- 1923 – Roy Lichtenstein, American artist (d. 1997)
- 1924 – Ruby Dee, American actress
- 1925 – Warren Christopher, American diplomat and 63rd United States Secretary of State (d. 2011)
- 1926 – H.R. Haldeman, American political aide and 4th White House Chief of Staff (d. 1993)
- 1927 – Dominick Argento, American composer
- 1928 – Gilles Vigneault, Canadian poet, singer and songwriter
- 1929 – Maurice Robert Johnston, English Lieutenant-General
- 1931 – Nawal el-Saadawi, Egyptian writer
- 1932 – Jean-Pierre Cassel, French actor (d. 2007)
- 1932 – Dolores Moore, American baseball player (d. 2000)
- 1932 – Sylvia Plath, American poet (d. 1963)
- 1933 – Floyd Cramer, American popular pianist (d. 1997)
- 1934 – Giorgos Konstantinou, Greek actor and director
- 1935 – Frank Adonis, American actor
- 1937 – Lara Parker, American actress
- 1939 – John Cleese, British actor and writer
- 1940 – John Gotti, American crime boss (d. 2002)
- 1940 – Maxine Hong Kingston, American writer
- 1941 – Dick Trickle, American auto racer
- 1942 – Lee Greenwood, American singer
- 1942 – Janusz Korwin-Mikke, Polish politician
- 1943 – Carmen Argenziano, American actor
- 1943 – Jerry Rook, American basketball player
- 1945 – Arild Andersen, Norwegian bass player
- 1945 – Luis Inácio Lula da Silva, 35th President of Brazil
- 1945 – John Kane, actor/writer
- 1946 – Carrie Snodgress, American actress (d. 2004)
- 1946 – Ivan Reitman, Czechoslovakian-born Canadian film actor, producer and director
- 1949 – Garry Tallent, American bass player (E Street Band)
- 1949 – Clifford Antone, American businessman (d. 2006)
- 1950 – Fran Lebowitz, American writer
- 1950 – Július Šupler, Slovak ice-hockey coach
- 1951 – K.K. Downing, English guitarist (Judas Priest)
- 1951 – Carlos Frenk, Mexican/British cosmologist
- 1951 – Nancy Jacobs, American politician
- 1951 – Jayne Kennedy, American actress, model and sportscaster
- 1951 – Éric Morena, French singer
- 1952 – Roberto Benigni, Italian director and actor
- 1952 – Francis Fukuyama, American philosopher
- 1952 – Hameed Haroon, Pakistani publisher
- 1952 – Topi Sorsakoski, Finnish singer
- 1953 – Peter Firth, British actor
- 1953 – Robert Picardo, American actor
- 1954 – Jan Duursema, American comic book artist
- 1955 – Debra Bowen, American politician
- 1956 – Jaq D. Hawkins, British author, occultist and lecturer
- 1956 – Veronica Hart, American porn actress
- 1956 – Babis Tsertos, Greek singer and musician
- 1957 – Jeff East, American actor
- 1957 – Glenn Hoddle, English footballer
- 1958 – Simon Le Bon, English singer (Duran Duran)
- 1958 – Lee Carter, American jurist
- 1958 – Felix Wurman, American cellist and composer (d. 2009)
- 1959 – Rick Carlisle, American basketball coach
- 1960 – Tom Nieto, American baseball player
- 1963 – Marla Maples, American actress and model
- 1963 – Farin Urlaub, German singer and guitarist (Die Ärzte)
- 1964 – Mark Taylor, Australian test cricket captain (1994-1999)
- 1966 – Matt Drudge, American blogger
- 1966 – Hege Nerland, Norwegian politician (d. 2007)
- 1967 – Simone Moro, Italian mountaineer
- 1967 – Steve Almond, American author
- 1967 – Dejan Raičković, Montenegrin footballer
- 1967 – Scott Weiland, American singer (Stone Temple Pilots and Velvet Revolver)
- 1968 – Vinny Samways, English footballer
- 1969 – Peter O'Meara, Irish actor
- 1970 – Felix Bwalya, Zambian boxer
- 1970 – Adrian Erlandsson, Swedish drummer (Cradle of Filth)
- 1970 – Alama Ieremia, New Zealand rugby union player
- 1971 – Jade Arcade, American comics artist and writer
- 1971 – Stefano Guidoni, Italian footballer
- 1971 – Jorge Soto, Peruvian footballer
- 1971 – Theodoros Zagorakis, Greek footballer
- 1972 – Lee Clark, English footballer
- 1972 – Elissa, Lebanese singer
- 1972 – Evan Coyne Maloney, American filmmaker
- 1972 – Brad Radke, American baseball player
- 1972 – Marika Krook, Finnish singer (Edea)
- 1972 – Maria de Lurdes Mutola, Mozambican athlete
- 1973 – Jason Johnson, American baseball pitcher
- 1975 – Nicola Mazzucato, Italian rugby union player and coach
- 1976 – Wilson Júnior, Brazilian footballer
- 1977 – Jiří Jarošík, Czech footballer
- 1977 – Sheeri Rappaport, American actress
- 1977 – Kumar Sangakkara, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1978 – Sergei Samsonov, Russian ice hockey player
- 1978 – Vanessa-Mae, Singapore musician
- 1978 – Stephanie Abrams, American meteorologist
- 1980 – Tanel Padar, Estonian singer
- 1981 – Han Hye-jin, South Korean actress
- 1981 – Kristi Richards, Canadian freestyle skier
- 1981 – Salem Al Fakir, Swedish musician and singer
- 1981 – Volkan Demirel, Turkish footballer
- 1982 – Patrick Fugit, American actor
- 1982 – Dennis Moran, American computer hacker
- 1982 – Takashi Tsukamoto, Japanese actor
- 1983 – Brent Clevlen, American baseball player
- 1983 – Martín Prado, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1984 – Bam Doyne, American basketball player
- 1984 – Kostas Kapetanos, Greek footballer
- 1984 – Kelly Osbourne, English television personality
- 1984 – Irfan Pathan, Indian cricketer
- 1984 – Brady Quinn, American football player
- 1984 – Emilie Ullerup, Danish actress
- 1986 – Matty Pattison, English footballer
- 1986 – Jon Niese, American baseball player
- 1987 – Andrew Bynum, American basketball player
- 1987 – Guillaume Franke, French-born German rugby player
- 1987 – Victor Genev, Bulgarian footballer
- 1987 – Yi Jianlian, Chinese basketball player (birth date disputed)
- 1987 – Thelma Aoyama, Japanese singer
- 1988 – Evan Turner, American basketball player
- 1990 – Dimitrios Gkourtsas, Greek footballer
- 1990 – Oktavianus Maniani, Indonesian footballer
- 1994 – Eddie Alderson, American actor
- 1995 – Cooper Pillot, American actor
- 1997 – Eden Taylor-Draper, English actress
- 1999 – Haruka Kudo, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
[edit] Deaths
- 939 – King Athelstan I of England (b. 895)
- 1271 – Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, French crusader (b. 1213)
- 1312 – John II, Duke of Brabant (b. 1275)
- 1327 – Elizabeth de Burgh, queen of Robert I of Scotland (b. 1289)
- 1331 – Abu al-Fida, Kurdish historian, geographer, and tribal leader (b. 1273)
- 1430 – Grand Duke Vytautas the Great of Lithuania (b. 1350)
- 1439 – Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1397)
- 1449 – Ulugh Beg, Persian ruler and astronomer (b. 1394)
- 1505 – Ivan III of Russia (b. 1440)
- 1553 – Miguel Servet aka Michael Servetus, Spanish theologian and doctor (b. 1511)
- 1561 – Lope de Aguirre, Spanish conquistador (b. 1510)
- 1573 – Laurentius Petri, Swedish religious figure (b. 1499)
- 1605 – Emperor Jellaladin Mahommed Akbar of Mughal (b. 1542)
- 1617 – Ralph Winwood, English politician (b. 1563)
- 1670 – Vavasor Powell, Welsh religious figure (b. 1617)
- 1674 – Hallgrímur Pétursson, Icelandic poet (b. 1614)
- 1675 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (b. 1602)
- 1789 – John Cook, American farmer and politician (b. 1730)
- 1880 – Thrasyvoulos Zaimis, Greek politician, twice Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1822)
- 1917 – Arthur Rhys Davids, British pilot (b. 1897)
- 1927 – Joseph "Squizzy" Taylor, Australian organized crime figure (b. 1888)
- 1935 – E. A. D. Eldridge, British racing driver (b. 1897)
- 1942 – Helmuth Hubener, German anti-Nazi activist (b. 1925)
- 1947 – William Fay, Irish actor and theatre producer (b. 1872)
- 1949 – Marcel Cerdan, French boxer (b. 1916)
- 1949 – Ginette Neveu, French violinist (b. 1919)
- 1953 – Thomas Wass, English cricketer (b. 1873)
- 1962 – Enrico Mattei, Italian politician (b. 1906)
- 1962 – Rudolf Anderson, American pilot and officer (b. 1927)
- 1968 – Lise Meitner, German physicist (b. 1878)
- 1974 – C. P. Ramanujam, Indian mathematician (b. 1938)
- 1975 – Rex Stout, American novelist (b. 1886)
- 1976 – Deryck Cooke, British musicologist (b. 1919)
- 1977 – James M. Cain, American novelist (b. 1892)
- 1980 – Steve Peregrin Took, British singer and songwriter (b. 1949)
- 1980 – John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
- 1980 – Judy LaMarsh, Canadian politician, author and broadcaster (b. 1924)
- 1990 – Xavier Cugat, Spanish-born musician (b. 1900)
- 1990 – Princess Sophie von Hohenberg, daughter of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1901)
- 1990 – Elliott Roosevelt, American author and advertising executive (b. 1910)
- 1990 – Jacques Demy, French film director (b. 1931)
- 1990 – Ugo Tognazzi, Italian actor (b. 1922)
- 1991 – George Barker, British poet (b. 1913)
- 1992 – David Bohm, American-born British quantum physicist (b. 1917)
- 1996 – Morey Amsterdam, American actor (b. 1908)
- 1996 – Arthur Tremblay, French Canadian politician (b. 1917)
- 1999 – Robert Mills, American physicist (b. 1927)
- 1999 – Charlotte Perriand, French architect and designer (b. 1903)
- 2000 – Walter Berry, Austrian bass-baritone (b. 1929)
- 2001 – Pradeep Kumar, Indian actor (b. 1925)
- 2002 – Tom Dowd, American recording engineer (b. 1925)
- 2003 – Rod Roddy, American television announcer (b. 1937)
- 2003 – Stephanie Tyrell, American songwriter and record producer (b. 1949)
- 2004 – Serginho, Brazilian footballer (b. 1974)
- 2004 – Zdenko Runjić, Croatian composor (b. 1942)
- 2004 – Lester Lanin, American bandleader (b. 1907)
- 2006 – Joe Niekro, American baseball player (b. 1944)
- 2006 – Brad Will, American anarchist and journalist (b. 1970)
- 2006 – Jozsef Gregor, Hungarian opera singer (b. 1940)
- 2006 – Reko Lundán, Finnish writer (b. 1969)
- 2006 – Marlin McKeever, American football player (b. 1940)
- 2007 – Moira Lister, South African actress (b. 1923)
- 2007 – Satyen Kappu, Indian actor (b. 1931)
- 2008 – Frank Nagai, Japanese singer (b. 1932)
- 2008 – Chris Bryant, British screenwriter (b. 1936)
- 2008 – Roy Stewart, Jamaican-born British actor and fitness industry figure (b. 1925)
- 2008 – Ray Ellis, American record producer and arranger (b. 1923)
- 2009 – David Shepherd, British cricket umpire (b. 1940)
- 2009 – August Coppola, American academic; father of Nicolas Cage (b. 1934)
- 2009 – John David Carson, American actor (b. 1952)
- 2010 – Néstor Kirchner, Argentine politician (b. 1950)
- 2010 – Denise Borino, American actress (b. 1964)
- 2010 – James Wall, American actor and stage manager (b. 1917)
- 2011 – James Hillman, founder of Archetypal Psychology (b. 1926)
[edit] Holidays and observances
[edit] External links
