October 3

October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 89 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 52 BC – Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Julius Caesar, ending the siege and Battle of Alesia.
• 42 BC – First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight a decisive battle with Caesar's assassins Brutus and Cassius.
• 382 – Emperor Theodosius I concludes a peace treaty with the Goths and settles them in the Balkans in exchange for military service.
• 1283 – Dafydd ap Gruffydd, prince of Gwynedd in Wales, becomes the first nobleman executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered.
• 1574 – The Siege of Leiden is lifted by the Watergeuzen.
• 1683 – The Qing Dynasty naval commander Shi Lang reaches Taiwan (under the Kingdom of Tungning) to receive the formal surrender of Zheng Keshuang and Liu Guoxuan after the Battle of Penghu.
• 1712 – The Duke of Montrose issues a warrant for the arrest of Rob Roy MacGregor.
• 1739 – The Treaty of Nissa is signed by the Ottoman Empire and Russia at the finish of the Russian-Turkish War, 1736–1739.
• 1778 – British Captain James Cook anchors in Alaska.
• 1789 – George Washington makes the first Thanksgiving Day designated by the national government of the United States of America.
• 1795 – General Napoleon Bonaparte first rises to national prominence being named to defend the French National Convention against armed counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the three year old revolutionary government.
• 1835 – The Staedtler Company is founded in Nuremberg, Germany.
• 1849 – American author Edgar Allan Poe is found delirious in a gutter in Baltimore, Maryland under mysterious circumstances; it is the last time he is seen in public before his death.
• 1863 – The last Thursday in November is declared as Thanksgiving Day by President Abraham Lincoln as are Thursdays, November 30, 1865 and November 29, 1866.
• 1872 – Bloomingdale brothers opened their first store at 938 Third Avenue, New York City.
• 1873 – Captain Jack and companions are hanged for their part in the Modoc War.
• 1912 – U.S. forces defeat Nicaraguan rebels under the command of Benjamín Zeledón at the Battle of Coyotepe Hill.
• 1918 – King Boris III of Bulgaria accedes to the throne.
• 1919 – Cincinnati Reds pitcher Adolfo Luque becomes the 1st Latin player to appear in a World Series.
• 1929 – The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia, "Land of the South Slavs".
• 1932 – Iraq gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1935 – Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Italy invades Ethiopia under General de Bono.
• 1942 – Spaceflight: The first successful launch of a V-2 /A4-rocket from Test Stand VII at Peenemünde, Germany. It is the first man-made object to reach space.
• 1949 – WERD, the 1st black-owned radio station in the United States, opens in Atlanta, Georgia.
• 1950 – Korean War: The First Battle of Maryang San, primarily pitting Australian and British forces against communist China, begins.
• 1951 – The "Shot Heard 'Round the World", one of the greatest moments in Major League Baseball history, occurs when the New York Giants' Bobby Thomson hits a game winning home run in the bottom of the ninth inning off of the Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca, to win the National League pennant after being down 14 games.
• 1952 – The United Kingdom successfully tests a nuclear weapon to become the world's third nuclear power.
• 1955 – The Mickey Mouse Club debuts on ABC.
• 1957 – Allen Ginsberg's Howl and Other Poems is ruled not obscene.
• 1961 – The Dick Van Dyke Show premieres on CBS-TV in the United States.
• 1962 – Project Mercury: Sigma 7 is launched from Cape Canaveral, with Astronaut Wally Schirra aboard, for a six-orbit, nine-hour flight.
• 1964 – First Buffalo Wings are made at the Anchor Bar in Buffalo, New York.
• 1981 – The Hunger Strike by Provisional Irish Republican Army and Irish National Liberation Army prisoners at the Maze Prison in Northern Ireland ends after seven months and ten deaths.
• 1985 – The Space Shuttle Atlantis makes its maiden flight. (Mission STS-51-J).
• 1986 – TASCC, a superconducting cyclotron at the Chalk River Laboratories, is officially opened.
• 1990 – Re-unification of Germany. The German Democratic Republic ceases to exist and its territory becomes part of the Federal Republic of Germany. East German citizens became part of the European Community, which later became the European Union. Now celebrated as German Unity Day.
• 1993 – Battle of Mogadishu: In an attempt to capture officials of warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid's organisation in Mogadishu, Somalia, 18 US soldiers and about 1,000 Somalis are killed in heavy fighting.
• 1995 – O. J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman.
• 2003 – Roy Horn of Siegfried & Roy is attacked by one of the show's tigers, canceling the show until 2009, when they rejoined the tiger that mauled Roy just six years earlier.
• 2008 – The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 for the US financial system is signed by President Bush.
• 2009 – Presidents of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey sign the Nakhchivan Agreement on the Establishment of Turkic Council.

Births

• 1610 – Gabriel Lalemant, French-Canadian missionary (d. 1649)
• 1631 – Sebastian Anton Scherer, German composer and organist (d. 1712)
• 1713 – Antoine Dauvergne, French composer and violinist (d. 1797)
• 1716 – Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist (d. 1781)
• 1720 – Johann Peter Uz, German poet (d. 1796)
• 1790 – John Ross, American tribal chief (d. 1866)
• 1797 – Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1870)
• 1800 – George Bancroft, American historian and politician (d. 1891)
• 1804 – Townsend Harris, American politician (d. 1878)
• 1804 – Allan Kardec, French founder of spiritism (d. 1869)
• 1828 – Woldemar Bargiel, German composer (d. 1897)
• 1837 – Nicolás Avellaneda, Argentine journalist and politician, 8th President of Argentina (d. 1885)
• 1848 – Henry Lerolle, French painter (d. 1929)
• 1858 – Eleonora Duse, Italian actress (d. 1924)
• 1862 – Johnny Briggs, English cricketer (d. 1902)
• 1863 – Pyotr Kozlov, Russian explorer (d. 1935)
• 1869 – Alfred Flatow, German gymnast (d. 1942)
• 1874 – Charles B. Middleton, American actor (d. 1949)
• 1879 – Warner Oland, Swedish-American actor (d. 1938)
• 1880 – Karl Ruberl, Austrian swimmer (d. 1966)
• 1882 – A. Y. Jackson, Canadian painter (d. 1974)
• 1886 – Alain-Fournier, French author (d. 1914)
• 1888 – Wade Boteler, American actor d. 1943
• 1889 – Carl von Ossietzky, German activist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1938)
• 1894 – Elmer Robinson, American politician, 33rd Mayor of San Francisco (d. 1982)
• 1894 – Walter Warlimont, German general (d. 1976)
• 1895 – Giovanni Comisso, Italian writer (d. 1969)
• 1895 – Sergei Yesenin, Russian poet (d. 1925)
• 1896 – Gerardo Diego, Spanish poet (d. 1987)
• 1897 – Louis Aragon, French author and poet (d. 1982)
• 1898 – Leo McCarey, American director and screenwriter (d. 1969)
• 1900 – Thomas Wolfe, American author (d. 1938)
• 1901 – Jean Grémillon, French director (d. 1959)
• 1904 – Ernst-Günther Schenck, German physician (d. 1998)
• 1908 – Johnny Burke, American songwriter (d. 1964)
• 1911 – Michael Hordern, English actor (d. 1995)
• 1916 – James Herriot, English surgeon and author (d. 1995)
• 1919 – James M. Buchanan, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
• 1919 – Jean Lefebvre, French actor (d. 2004)
• 1921 – Ray Lindwall, Australian cricketer (d. 1996)
• 1923 – Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d. 2004)
• 1924 – Harvey Kurtzman, American cartoonist (d. 1993)
• 1924 – Arkady Vorobyov, Russian weightlifter (d. 2012)
• 1925 – Gore Vidal, American author, screenwriter, and actor (d. 2012)
• 1928 – Erik Bruhn, Danish dancer and choreographer (d. 1986)
• 1931 – Glenn Hall, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1933 – Neale Fraser, Australian tennis player
• 1934 – Benjamin Boretz, American composer and theorist
• 1934 – Simon Nicholson, English sculptor (d. 1990)
• 1934 – Koo Nimo, Ghanaian singer and guitarist
• 1935 – Charles Duke, American astronaut
• 1936 – Steve Reich, American composer
• 1938 – Eddie Cochran, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1960)
• 1938 – Jack Hodgins, Canadian author
• 1938 – Tereza Kesovija, Croatian singer
• 1938 – Dave Obey, American politician
• 1939 – Bob Armstrong, American wrestler
• 1940 – Sheila Fearn, English actress
• 1940 – Jean Ratelle, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1941 – Chubby Checker, American singer-songwriter
• 1941 – Andrea de Adamich, Italian race car driver and sportscaster
• 1943 – Jeff Bingaman, American politician
• 1944 – Pierre Deligne, Belgian mathematician
• 1944 – Roy Horn, German-American magician
• 1945 – Tony Brown, English footballer
• 1945 – Jo Ritzen, Dutch economist and politician
• 1949 – Lindsey Buckingham, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Fleetwood Mac)
• 1949 – J. P. Dutta, Indian director
• 1950 – Pamela Hensley, American actress
• 1951 – Keb' Mo', American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1951 – Dave Winfield, American baseball player
• 1954 – Dennis Eckersley, American baseball player
• 1954 – Eddie DeGarmo, American singer-songwriter, keyboardist, and producer (DeGarmo and Key)
• 1954 – Al Sharpton, American minister, talk show host, and activist
• 1954 – Stevie Ray Vaughan, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1990)
• 1955 – John S. Lesmeister, American politician (d. 2006)
• 1956 – Hart Bochner, Canadian actor and director
• 1957 – Roberto Azevêdo, Brazilian diplomat, 6th Director-General of the World Trade Organization
• 1957 – Tim Westwood, English DJ
• 1958 – Louise Lecavalier, Canadian dancer
• 1959 – Fred Couples, American golfer
• 1959 – Greg Proops, American actor and comedian
• 1959 – Jack Wagner, American actor and singer
• 1961 – Dean Lawrence, English actor
• 1961 – Rebecca Stephens, English journalist and mountaineer
• 1961 – Maxx Payne, American wrestler and actor
• 1962 – Tommy Lee, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer (Mötley Crüe, Methods of Mayhem, and Rock Star Supernova)
• 1964 – Clive Owen, English actor
• 1965 – Annemarie Verstappen, Dutch swimmer
• 1965 – Jan-Ove Waldner, Swedish table tennis player
• 1966 – Darrin Fletcher, American baseball player
• 1967 – Rob Liefeld, American illustrator
• 1968 – Paul Crichton, English footballer
• 1968 – Greg Foster, American basketball player
• 1968 – Marko Rajamäki, Finnish footballer
• 1969 – Tetsuya, Japanese singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (L'Arc-en-Ciel)
• 1969 – Gwen Stefani, American singer-songwriter, actress, and fashion designer (No Doubt)
• 1970 – Jimmy Ray, English pop-rock musician
• 1971 – Wil Cordero, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1971 – Kevin Richardson, American singer-songwriter and actor (Backstreet Boys)
• 1972 – Kim Joo-hyuk, South Korean actor
• 1973 – Keiko Agena, American actress
• 1973 – Neve Campbell, Canadian actress
• 1973 – Angélica Gavaldón, American-Mexican tennis player
• 1973 – Lena Headey, English actress
• 1974 – Mike Johnson, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1974 – Marianne Timmer, Dutch speed skater
• 1975 – India.Arie, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1975 – Talib Kweli, American rapper (Black Star and Reflection Eternal)
• 1976 – Herman Li, Chinese-English guitarist and producer (DragonForce and Demoniac)
• 1976 – Seann William Scott, American actor
• 1977 – Daniel Hollie, American wrestler
• 1977 – Eric Munson, American baseball player
• 1977 – Luca Tognozzi, Italian footballer
• 1978 – Gerald Asamoah, German footballer
• 1978 – Neil Clement, English footballer
• 1978 – Claudio Pizarro, Peruvian footballer
• 1978 – Jake Shears, American singer-songwriter (Scissor Sisters)
• 1978 – Shannyn Sossamon, American actress
• 1978 – Vienna Teng, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1979 – Carlo Alban, Ecuadorian actor
• 1979 – Josh Klinghoffer, American musician (Red Hot Chili Peppers, Dot Hacker, Ataxia, and The Bicycle Thief)
• 1979 – John Morrison, American wrestler
• 1980 – Anquan Boldin, American football player
• 1980 – Sheldon Brookbank, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1980 – Lindsey Kelk, English author
• 1980 – Danny O'Donoghue, Irish singer-songwriter and producer (The Script and Mytown)
• 1980 – Héctor Reynoso, Mexican footballer
• 1981 – Danny Coid, English footballer
• 1981 – Seth Gabel, American actor
• 1981 – Zlatan Ibrahimović, Swedish footballer
• 1981 – Andreas Isaksson, Swedish footballer
• 1981 – Matt Sparrow, English footballer
• 1981 – Amanda Walsh, Canadian actress
• 1982 – Erik von Detten, American actor
• 1983 – Thiago Alves, Brazilian mixed martial artist
• 1983 – Frederico Chaves Guedes, Brazilian footballer
• 1983 – Andreas Papathanasiou, Cypriot footballer
• 1983 – Hiroki Suzuki, Japanese actor and singer
• 1984 – Yoon Eun-hye, South Korean singer and actress (Baby V.O.X.)
• 1984 – Bruno Gervais, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Anthony Le Tallec, French footballer
• 1984 – Chris Marquette, American actor
• 1984 – Ashlee Simpson, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1985 – Courtney Lee, American basketball player
• 1986 – Jackson Martínez, Colombian footballer
• 1987 – Zuleyka Rivera, Puerto Rican model and actress, Miss Universe 2006
• 1988 – ASAP Rocky, American rapper
• 1989 – Nate Montana, American football player
• 1990 – Rhian Ramos, Filipino actress
• 1991 – Jenny McLoughlin, English sprinter
• 1991 – Aki Takajō, Japanese singer (AKB48 and French Kiss)
• 1996 – Adair Tishler, American actress and singer

Deaths

• 900 – Muhammad ibn Zayd, Emir of Tabaristan
• 1078 – Iziaslav I of Kiev (b. 1024)
• 1226 – Francis of Assisi, Italian friar and saint (b. 1181)
• 1283 – Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Welsh prince (b. 1238)
• 1369 – Margaret, Countess of Tyrol (b. 1318)
• 1568 – Elisabeth of Valois (b. 1545)
• 1596 – Florent Chrestien, French poet (b. 1541)
• 1611 – Charles, Duke of Mayenne (b. 1554)
• 1629 – Giorgi Saakadze, Georgian military leader (b. 1570)
• 1649 – Giovanni Diodati, Swiss-Italian clergyman and theologian (b. 1576)
• 1653 – Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch scholar (b. 1612)
• 1656 – Myles Standish, English-American military officer (b. 1584)
• 1690 – Robert Barclay, Scottish author (b. 1648)
• 1701 – Joseph Williamson, English politician (b. 1633)
• 1801 – Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur, French marshal (b. 1724)
• 1833 – François, marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat, French general (b. 1754)
• 1838 – Black Hawk, American tribal leader (b. 1767)
• 1860 – Rembrandt Peale, American painter (b. 1778)
• 1867 – Elias Howe, American inventor and engineer, invented the sewing machine (b. 1819)
• 1873 – Kintpuash, American tribal leader (b. 1837)
• 1877 – James Roosevelt Bayley, American archbishop (b. 1814)
• 1881 – Orson Pratt, American religious leader, Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (b. 1811)
• 1890 – Joseph Hergenröther, German cardinal and historian (b. 1824)
• 1891 – Édouard Lucas, French mathematician (b. 1842)
• 1896 – William Morris, English author and poet (b. 1834)
• 1929 – Jeanne Eagels, American actress (b. 1894)
• 1929 – Gustav Stresemann, German politician, Chancellor of Germany, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1878)
• 1931 – Carl Nielsen, Danish composer (b. 1865)
• 1936 – John Heisman, American football player and coach (b. 1869)
• 1953 – Arnold Bax, English composer (b. 1883)
• 1959 – Tochigiyama Moriya, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 27th Yokozuna (b. 1892)
• 1965 – Zachary Scott, American actor (b. 1914)
• 1967 – Woody Guthrie, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Almanac Singers) (b. 1912)
• 1967 – Malcolm Sargent, English conductor, organist, and composer (b. 1895)
• 1969 – Skip James, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1902)
• 1979 – Ray Genet, American mountaineer (b. 1931)
• 1979 – Hannelore Schmatz, German mountaineer (b. 1940)
• 1979 – Nicos Poulantzas, Greek Marxist (b. 1936)
• 1981 – Anna Hedvig Büll, Baltic German missionary (b. 1887)
• 1986 – Vince DiMaggio, American baseball player (b. 1912)
• 1987 – Jean Anouilh, French screenwriter (b. 1910)
• 1987 – Kalervo Palsa, Finnish painter (b. 1947)
• 1988 – Franz Josef Strauss, Bavarian politician (b. 1915)
• 1990 – Stefano Casiraghi, Italian businessman (b. 1960)
• 1993 – Katerina Gogou, Greek actress, poet, and author (b. 1940)
• 1993 – Gary Gordon, American army officer, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1960)
• 1993 – Randy Shughart, American army officer, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1958)
• 1998 – Roddy McDowall, English actor (b. 1928)
• 1999 – Akio Morita, Japanese businessman, co-founded Sony (b. 1921)
• 2000 – Benjamin Orr, American singer-songwriter and bass player (The Cars) (b. 1947)
• 2001 – Costas Hajihristos, Greek actor (b. 1921)
• 2002 – Robert Krausz, Hungarian-American businessman (b. 1936)
• 2002 – Bruce Paltrow, American director and producer (b. 1943)
• 2003 – Florence Stanley, American actress (b. 1924)
• 2003 – William Steig, American cartoonist and author (b. 1907)
• 2004 – John Cerutti, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1960)
• 2004 – Janet Leigh, American actress (b. 1927)
• 2005 – Ronnie Barker, English actor (b. 1929)
• 2006 – John Crank, English mathematician (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Peter Norman, Australian runner (b. 1942)
• 2006 – Alberto Ramento, Filipino bishop (b. 1937)
• 2007 – M. N. Vijayan, Indian academic and author (b. 1930)
• 2008 – Johnny "J", Mexican-American rapper, songwriter, and producer (b. 1969)
• 2008 – Karam ud Din, Pakistani navy officer (b. 1941)
• 2009 – Fatima el-Sharif, Libyan wife of Idris of Libya (b. 1911)
• 2010 – Ben Mondor, Canadian-American businessman (b. 1925)
• 2010 – Abraham Sarmiento, Filipino jurist (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Abdul Haq Ansari, Indian scholar (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Robert F. Christy, American physicist (b. 1916)
• 2012 – Kathi McDonald, American singer (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Kidar Nath Sahani, Indian politician (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Peter J. Schmitt, American politician (b. 1950)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Abd-al-Masih (martyr)
  • Ewald the Black and Ewald the Fair
  • Théodore Guérin
  • October 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• German Unity Day (National Day of Germany)
• National Day, celebrates the independence of Iraq from the United Kingdom in 1932.
• National Foundation Day or Gaecheonjeol (South Korea)
• Siege of Leiden (Leiden)
• Soldiers' Day or Morazán Day (Honduras)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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