Old Course at St Andrews

Old Course
Club information
Location	St Andrews, Scotland
Established	1552
Type	Public
Owned by	St Andrews Links Trust
Operated by	St Andrews Links Trust
Total holes	18
Tournaments hosted	The Open Championship
Website	Old Course
Par	72
Length	6387 yards
Course Record	63; Rory McIlroy (2010), Simon Dyson (2011), Luke Donald (2011)

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The Old Course at St Andrews is the oldest golf course in the world.^[1]^[2] The Old Course is a public course over common land in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland and is held in trust by The St Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliament. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (R&A) club house sits adjacent to the first tee, although it is but one of many clubs that have playing privileges on the course, along with the general public.

[edit] History

There is no real understanding of when golf was first played over the grounds that now constitute the Old Course. The earliest written evidence was a licence issued in 1552, which permitted the community to rear rabbits on the links and "play at golf, futball, schuteing ... with all other manner of pastimes." The first written record of golf being played at the Old Course dates to 1574, which would make the Old Course the fifth-oldest links golf site in Scotland.^[3] However, documents from the reign of King James IV show that he bought golf clubs at St Andrews in 1506, only four years after his first purchase at Perth, which may indicate that the Old Course is significantly older than the written evidence shows.^[4] The course evolved without the help of any true architect for many years. Originally, it was played over the same set of fairways out and back to the same holes. As interest in the game increased, the whins were cut back to allow for two fairways. All the greens were also increased in size and two holes were cut.

The Old Course had 12 holes, 10 of which were played both out and in, making a total of 22 holes. As play increased, the first four holes (all of which were played twice) were combined in 1764 to make two holes, leaving a total of 18 holes. Over time, this became the standard number of holes for courses all over the world. Around 1863, Old Tom Morris had the 1st green separated from the 17th green, producing the current 18-hole layout with seven double greens.

[edit] Features

The 18th hole towards the clubhouse of the R&A in 2006.

A largely unchanged view in 1891.

One of the unique features of the Old Course are the large double greens. Seven greens are shared by two holes each, with hole numbers adding up to 18 (2nd paired with 16th, 3rd with 15th, all the way up to 8th and 10th). The Swilcan Bridge, spanning the first and 18th holes, has become a famous icon for golf in the world. Only the 1st, 9th, 17th and 18th holes have their own greens. Another unique feature is that the course can be played in either direction, clockwise or anti-clockwise.

The Old Course is also home of The Road Hole, the par-4 17th, one of the world's most famous golf holes. Among its unique features are:

Players using the back tees cannot see where their tee shots land; which is not unusual except that they must take aim over a corner of The Old Course Hotel.
Other than rough, the primary hazard in front of the green is a sand trap known as the "Road Hole Bunker."
Over the back of the green, hazards include a tarmac roadway, as well as an old stone wall. Both are in play; a wayward shot can lead a player to take their next stroke off the roadway or to hit the face of the wall and take their chances with the ensuing bounce.

The general method of play today is anti-clockwise, although clockwise play has been permitted on one day each year in recent years, and since 2008 has been allowed on the Friday, Saturday and Monday of the first weekend in April. Originally, the course was reversed every week in order to let the grass recover better. One other unusual thing about the Old Course is that it is closed on Sundays to let the course rest. On some Sundays, the course turns into a park for all the townspeople who come out to stroll, picnic and otherwise enjoy the grounds. As a general rule, Sunday play is allowed on the course on only four occasions:

The final day of the Dunhill Links Championship, an annual event on the European Tour.
The final day of The Open Championship and Women's British Open when it is held at the Old Course; this happens roughly once every five years for the men; the women's championship began its turn on the rotation in 2007.
The final day of two top amateur events, the St Andrews Links Trophy and the St Rule Trophy.

Sunday play may also occur when the Old Course hosts other major events; for example, when it hosted the Curtis Cup in 2008.

While winning the Open Championship is a crowning achievement for any golfer, a win at St Andrews is considered particularly important due to the course's long tradition. Past winners at St Andrews include Tiger Woods (twice), John Daly, Nick Faldo, Seve Ballesteros, Jack Nicklaus (twice), Tony Lema, Kel Nagle, Bobby Locke, Peter Thomson, Sam Snead, Dick Burton, Denny Shute, Bobby Jones, Jock Hutchison, James Braid (twice), John Henry Taylor (twice), Hugh Kirkaldy, Jack Burns, Bob Martin (twice), Jamie Anderson, Tom Kidd, Lorena Ochoa, and most recently Louis Oosthuizen at the 2010 Open Championship.

In 2005 the Old Course was ranked as the greatest golf course outside the United States, by Golf Digest.

[edit] The Open Championship

The "road hole bunker" at the 17th hole.

R&A Clubhouse on the Old Course

The Open Championship has been staged at the Old Course at St Andrews 28 times. The following is a list of the champions:

Year	Winner	Score
Year	Winner	R1	R2	R3	R4	Total
1873	Tom Kidd ^1st	91	88	--	--	179
1876	Bob Martin ^1st	86	90	--	--	176
1879	Jamie Anderson ^3rd	84	85	--	--	169
1882	Bob Ferguson ^3rd	83	88	--	--	171
1885	Bob Martin ^2nd	84	87	--	--	171
1888	Jack Burns ^1st	86	85	--	--	171
1891	Hugh Kirkaldy ^1st	83	83	--	--	166
1895	J.H. Taylor ^2nd	86	78	80	78	322
1900	J.H. Taylor ^3rd	79	77	78	75	309
1905	James Braid ^2nd	81	78	78	81	318
1910	James Braid ^5th	76	73	74	76	299
1921	Jock Hutchison ^1st	72	75	79	70	296 ^PO
1927	Bobby Jones (a) ^2nd	68	72	73	72	285
1933	Denny Shute ^1st	73	73	73	73	292 ^PO
1939	Dick Burton ^1st	70	72	77	71	290
1946	Sam Snead ^1st	71	70	74	75	290 (+2)
1955	Peter Thomson ^2nd	71	68	70	72	281 (−7)
1957	Bobby Locke ^4th	69	72	68	70	279 (−9)
1960	Kel Nagle ^1st	69	67	71	71	278 (−10)
1964	Tony Lema ^1st	73	68	68	70	279 (−9)
1970	Jack Nicklaus ^2nd	68	69	73	73	283 (−5)^PO
1978	Jack Nicklaus ^3rd	71	72	69	69	281 (−7)
1984	Seve Ballesteros ^2nd	69	68	70	69	276 (−12)
1990	Nick Faldo ^2nd	67	65	67	71	270 (−18)
1995	John Daly ^1st	67	71	73	71	282 (−6)^PO
2000	Tiger Woods ^1st	67	66	67	69	269 (−19)
2005	Tiger Woods ^2nd	66	67	71	70	274 (−14)
2010	Louis Oosthuizen^1st	65	67	69	71	272 (−16)