Oleic acid
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Oleic acid | |
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| IUPAC name |
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| Other names | (9Z)-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-Octadec-9-enoic acid cis-9-Octadecenoic acid cis-Δ9-Octadecenoic acid Oleic acid 18:1 cis-9 |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [] |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C18H34O2 |
| Molar mass | 282.4614 g/mol |
| Appearance | Pale yellow or brownish yellow oily liquid with lard-like odor |
| Density | 0.895 g/mL |
| Melting point |
13-14 °C (286 K) |
| Boiling point |
360 °C (633 K) (760mm Hg)[1] |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| Solubility in methanol | Soluble |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | ScienceLab.com |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
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Oleic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in various animal and vegetable sources. It has the formula CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH).[2] The trans-isomer of oleic acid is called elaidic acid.
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[edit] Occurrence
Triglyceride esters of oleic acid comprise the majority of olive oil, though there may be less than 2.0% as actual free acid in the virgin olive oil, while higher concentrations make the olive oil inedible. It also makes up 15-20% of grape seed oil and sea buckthorn oil.[3] The Brazilian palmberry, açaí, contains one of the highest contents known for oleic acid in the pulp of a fruit (56%).[4]
Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue.[5] Oleic acid is emitted by the decaying corpses of a number of insects, including bees and Pogonomyrmex ants and triggers the instincts of living workers to remove the dead bodies from the hive. If a live bee[6] or ant[7][8] is daubed with oleic acid, it is dragged off as if it were dead.
[edit] Chemistry
Oleic acid exhibits the reactions of carboxylic acids and alkenes. It is soluble in aqueous base to give Salts called oleates. Iodine adds across the double bond. Hydrogenation of the double bond give the saturated derivative called stearic acid. Oxidation at the double bond occurs slowly in air and is known as rancidification in foodstuffs and drying in coatings. Reduction of the carboxylic acid group yields oleyl alcohol.
[edit] Uses
As an excipient in pharmaceuticals, oleic acid is used as an emulsifying or solubilizing agent in aerosol products.[9]
[edit] Health effects
Oleic acid may hinder the progression of ALD, or Adrenoleukodystrophy, a fatal disease that affects the brain and adrenal glands.[10]
Oleic acid may help boost memory.[11]
Oleic and monounsaturated fatty acid levels in the membranes of red blood cells have been associated with increased risk of breast cancer.[12] Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil.[13]
[edit] References
- ^ Oleic acid, Chemical Laboratory Information Profile, American Chemical Society
- ^ Bishop, Paul L. (2000). Pollution Prevention: Chapter 2 - Properties and Fates of Environmental Contaminants, instructional slides to accompany Pollution Prevention:Fundamentals and Practice, by Paul L. Bishop (ISBN 0-07-366147-3). Retrieved 2005-03-07.
- ^ Alfred Thomas "Fats and Fatty Oils" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002.doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_173
- ^ Schauss AG, Wu X, Prior RL, Ou B, Patel D, Huang D, Kababick JP. Phytochemical and nutrient composition of the freeze-dried amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae Mart. (acai). J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Nov 1;54(22):8598-603. [1]
- ^ MG Kokatnur, MC Oalmann, WD Johnson, GT Malcom and JP Strong (November 1979). "Fatty acid composition of human adipose tissue from two anatomical sites in a biracial community". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32 (11): 2198. PMID 495536. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/11/2198.
- ^ Anies Hannawati Purnamadjaja, R. Andrew Russell (2005). "Pheromone communication in a robot swarm: necrophoric bee behaviour and its replication". Robotica 23 (6): 731–742. doi:.
- ^ Ayasse, M, Paxton, R (2002) Brood protection in social insects. In: Hilker, M, Meiners, T (eds.). Chemoecology of Insect Eggs and Egg Deposition. Blackwell, Berlin, 117-148.
- ^ Krulwich, Robert (2009). "Hey I'm Dead! The Story Of The Very Lively Ant" http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=102601823
- ^ Smolinske, Susan C. (1992). Handbook of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Excipients. pp. 247–248. ISBN 084933585X, 9780849335853.
- ^ "Adrenoleukodystrophy: oleic acid lowers fibroblast saturated C22-26 fatty acids". National Center for Biotechnology Information. 1986-03-03. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3951702. Retrieved on 2008-10-07.
- ^ "Fatty foods 'offer memory boost'". BBC. 27 April 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8020218.stm.
- ^ Valeria Pala, Vittorio Krogh, Paola Muti, Véronique Chajès, Elio Riboli, Andrea Micheli, Mitra Saadatian, Sabina Sieri, Franco Berrino (18 Jul 2001). "Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acids and Subsequent Breast Cancer: a Prospective Italian Study". JNCL 93 (14): 1088. doi:. PMID 11459870. http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/93/14/1088. Retrieved on 2008-11-30.
- ^ Terés, S; Barceló-Coblijn, G; Benet, M; Alvarez, R; Bressani, R; Halver, Je; Escribá, Pv (September 2008). "Oleic acid content is responsible for the reduction in blood pressure induced by olive oil". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105: 13811. doi:. PMID 18772370.
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