From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Opinion polling for the Russian presidential election, 1996
Yeltsin campaigning in the Moscow-region on May 7, 1996
This page lists public opinion polls in connection with the 1996 Russian presidential election .
First round
Candidates passing the second round are given in bold.
1992 polls
1993 polls
1994 polls
1995 polls
Date
Agency
Zyuganov
Yavlinsky
Zhirinovsky
Lebed
Yeltsin
S. Fyodorov
Gorbachev
Chernomyrdin
Tuleyev
Gaidar
Rutskoy
Shakray
Travkin
Pamfilova
Baburin
B. Fyodorov
Nemtsov
Sobchak
Volsky
Shumeyko
Rybkin
Solzhenitsyn
Luzhkov
Kovalev
Borovoi
Dudayev
Lakhova
Romanov
Shokhin
Lapshin
Skokov
Khasbulatov
Ryzhkov
Barkashov
Gromov
Grachev
Kozyrev
Govorukhin
Yakubovich
Rossel
Anpilov
Abdulatipov
Other
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
10 January 1995[ 8]
VCIOM
2
7
6
2
9
2
1
1
1
5
3
1
1
2
0
2
3
1
0
—
1
2
1
2
—
0
0
0
0
—
0
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3
—
38
—
20 February 1995[ 9]
VCIOM
6
8
6
3
9
6
1
1
1
4
5
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
—
—
2
1
1
1
2
0
2
1
0
—
0
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
3
—
26
—
30 March 1995[ 10]
VCIOM
5
10
6
3
8
8
1
1
1
4
5
2
1
1
0
7
4
1
1
—
1
—
1
—
—
—
1
—
—
1
0
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
22
—
30 March 1995[ 11]
VCIOM
5
10
5
—
7
9
1
2
2
5
5
3
2
2
0
6
7
2
—
—
2
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
—
2
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
18
—
20 April 1995[ 12]
VCIOM
5
11
6
3
8
8
2
5
2
5
4
2
1
1
0
3
3
1
0
—
1
2
1
—
—
—
1
—
—
1
0
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6
—
19
—
10 May 1995[ 13]
VCIOM
5
9
5
10
4
8
2
5
1
5
4
1
1
2
0
3
3
1
—
—
0
2
1
—
—
—
1
—
—
0
0
—
1
1
4
—
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
20
—
25 May 1995[ 14]
Obschchaya Gazeta
9
12
7
7
4
10
2
3
—
5
8
4
—
—
—
9
—
—
—
—
1
—
3
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Soskovets 1
20 June 1995[ 15]
VCIOM
7
11
8
8
6
5
1
8
0
3
6
1
1
1
0
3
3
1
—
—
1
1
0
—
1
—
1
—
—
0
0
0
0
1
1
—
—
1
1
1
—
—
—
—
20
—
7 July 1995[ 16]
VCIOM
4.2
8.1
6.3
2.3
5.6
5.5
—
—
—
3.7
3.5
—
—
—
—
—
2.7
2.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
17.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7 July 1995[ 17] [ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
CESSI
6
12
6
14
7
—
—
10
—
3
5
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
1
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
23
—
Starovoytova 2
Chubais 1
July 1995[ 21]
FOM
—
25
—
—
—
—
—
22
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
20
33
—
12 July 1995[ 16]
VCIOM
3.9
6.0
4.6
7.9
2.6
5.5
—
3.4
—
—
—
3.5
2.6
—
—
3.5
2.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
14.4
—
—
—
30 July 1995[ 22]
VCIOM
8
8
7
7
7
5
1
7
2
3
4
1
0
1
2
1
3
0
0
1
1
2
1
—
1
—
1
—
—
0
—
—
1
1
1
—
—
1
1
—
—
—
1
22
—
—
September 1995[ 21]
FOM
—
28
—
—
—
—
—
18
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
24
31
—
10 October 1995[ 23]
VCIOM
11
8
5
8
6
5
1
8
3
3
3
1
1
1
0
1
3
1
0
0
1
1
1
—
1
—
1
—
—
1
1
—
2
1
1
0
—
1
1
1
0
—
2
—
18
Khakamada 1
11 October 1995[ 24]
IFES
6
12
5
14
7
—
—
—
—
10
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
20 November 1995[ 25]
VCIOM
10
8
7
6
3
5
1
5
3
2
3
1
0
1
0
3
2
0
0
—
1
0
1
—
0
—
1
0
0
—
0
—
2
—
—
—
—
1
—
1
—
—
2
25
5
Shcherbakov 0
10 December 1995[ 26]
VCIOM
15
12
10
6
6
3
1
8
2
3
3
0
0
2
0
2
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
—
0
—
1
—
—
0
0
—
2
0
1
0
—
0
—
0
0
1
2
—
13
—
21 December 1995[ 27]
VCIOM
6
—
6
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1996 polls
January
February
Date
Agency
Zyuganov
Yavlinsky
Zhirinovsky
Lebed
Yeltsin
S. Fyodorov
Gorbachev
Chernomyrdin
Tuleyev
Gaidar
Rutskoy
Shakhray
Travkin
Pamfilova
Baburin
B. Fyodorov
Nemtsov
Sobchak
Volsky
Rybkin
Solzhenitsyn
Luzhkov
Borovoi
Lakhova
Skokov
Ryzhkov
Barkashov
Grachev
Govorukhin
Anpilov
Rossel
Other
Against All
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
February 1996[ 35]
ISNP
16.4
12.5
—
—
10.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
February 1996[ 29]
IISS
18
8
11
7
8
6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2 February 1996[ 33]
New York Times
14
11
7
6
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
15 February 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
16.4
12.9
8.8
10.4
10.0
1.1
1.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
15 February 1996[ 36]
VCIOM
21
12
12
8
11
8
1
7
—
4
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
—
9
—
15 February 1996[ 37]
VCIOM
22
9
11
6
11
5
1
5
2
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
—
13
—
Khakamada 1
18 February 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
18
11
9
9
8
—
—
7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Mid-February 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
16.4
12.9
8.8
10.4
10.0
1.1
1.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Mid-February 1996[ 31] [ 32]
VCIOM
24
9
12
8
11
7
0
5
4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
25 February 1996[ 38]
VCIOM
18.0
8.0
10.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
0.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
29 February 1996[ 39]
VCIOM
18.0
9.0
12.0
6.0
11.9
5.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
March
Date
Agency
Zyuganov
Yavlinsky
Zhirinovsky
Lebed
Yeltsin
S. Fyodorov
Gorbachev
Shakkum
Chernomyrdin
Tuleyev
Gaidar
Travkin
Pamfilova
Baburin
B. Fyodorov
Nemtsov
Sobchak
Volsky
Rybkin
Solzhenitsyn
Luzhkov
Borovoi
Lakhova
Lapshin
Ryzhkov
Govorukhin
Rossel
Other
Against All
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
March 1996[ 35]
ISNP
25.8
12.9
—
—
17.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2 March 1996[ 31]
FOM
20
11
8
7
14
6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
15 March 1996[ 40]
VCIOM
24
10
8
7
17
4
1
—
—
—
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
—
—
8
Khakamada 0
17 March 1996[ 31] [ 32] [ 28]
VCIOM
25
11
9
8
15
7
1
1
4
2
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
17 March 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
25.8
9.0
7.0
—
17.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Mid-March 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
25.8
13.2
8.1
7.8
17.0
7.6
1.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
10–18 March 1996[ 31] [ 35] [ 41]
CESSI
19.1
6.2
4.9
3.2
14.0
2.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
late-March 1996[ 32]
ROMIR
27
—
9
—
19
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
late-March 1996[ 28]
VCIOM
20
11
8
7
14
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
30 March 1996[ 42]
VCIOM
23
12
7
8
18
7
1
—
5
—
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
3
—
11
—
31 March 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
27
—
—
—
19
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
31 March 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
26
9
7
—
17
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
31 March 1996[ 43] [ 44] [ 45] [ 46]
FOM
21
8
7
8
19
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
10
2
14
6
—
End of March 1996[ 35] [ 32]
VCIOM
25
9
9
10
18
7
—
—
4
—
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
April
Date
Agency
Zyuganov
Yavlinsky
Zhirinovsky
Lebed
Yeltsin
S. Fyodorov
Gorbachev
Bryntsalov
Vlasov
Starovoytova
Ushakov
Chernomyrdin
Tuleyev
Gaidar
Rutskoy
Shakray
Travkin
Pamfilova
Baburin
B. Fyodorov
Nemtsov
Sobchak
Volsky
Rybkin
Solzhenitsyn
Luzhkov
Lakhova
Lapshin
Ryzhkov
Barkashov
Gromov
Govorukhin
Anpilov
Abdulatipov
Other
Against all
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
April 1996[ 29]
IISS
25
9
6
6
21
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7 April 1996[ 47] [ 43] [ 45]
FOM
25
9
6
6
21
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
9
4
18
—
4 April 1996
VCIOM[ 48]
26
11
6
7
28
6
1
1
0
1
0
—
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
3
—
7
Tarasov 1
Mavrodi and Podoprigora 0
10 April 1996[ 31] [ 32]
VCIOM
26
10
8
10
18
8
1
—
—
—
—
4
—
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
10–15 April[ 31]
ISP
38–47
8–9
6–7
8–10
16–20
2–4
1–2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
13 April 1996[ 47] [ 43] [ 45]
FOM
22
8
8
6
23
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
1
18
—
15 April 1996[ 49]
VCIOM
25
10
6
6
21
4
1
—
—
—
—
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
—
—
12
Khakamada , and Shcherbakov 0
14 April 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
27.0
7.0
6.0
8.0
22.0
6.0
—
—
—
—
—
7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Mid-April 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
28.0
12.7
8.5
10.3
23.8
6.7
1.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
17 April 1996[ 50] [ 51]
VCIOM
26.0
10.0
8.0
10.0
18.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
20 April 1996[ 47]
FOM
22
8
7
6
22
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3
3
5
18
—
22 April 1996[ 31] [ 41]
CESSI
19.8
6.5
4.8
4.7
20.7
3.2
1.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
24 April 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
27.0
11.0
9.0
8.0
21.0
4.0
2.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
24 April 1996[ 51]
CESSI
19.8
7.0
5.0
5.0
20.8
3.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
27 April-2 May[ 31]
ISP
43–45
8
7
8
25
3
1–2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
May
Date
Agency
Zyuganov
Yavlinsky
Zhirinovsky
Lebed
Yeltsin
S. Fyodorov
Gorbachev
Bryntsalov
Vlasov
Shakkum
Starovoytova
Ushakov
Tuleyev
Podoprigora
Other
Against all
Undecided
Wouldn't vote
Additional candidates
May 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
22.4
13.3
6.1
7.4
35.2
5.6
1.0
0.2
0.6
0.9
—
—
3.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
5 May 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
27.0
9.0
7.0
6.0
28.0
7.0
1.0
—
—
—
—
—
2.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
5 May 1996[ 31] [ 51] [ 52] [ 53] [ 54]
ROMIR
28.0
7.0
5.0
7.0
28.0
6.0
2.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
15
—
—
5 May 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
25
8.0
6.0
6.0
29.0
4.0
1.0
—
—
—
—
—
1.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
6–24 May 1996[ 55]
VCIOM
13.9
6.0
3.2
3.3
23.5
2.2
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.5
—
43.7
—
Ubozhko 0.8
Nobody 0.5
N/A 0.8
6–24 May 1996[ 55]
VCIOM
19.4
12.5
5.0
7.2
29.5
6.1
0.8
0.2
—
0.2
0.9
0.1
1.4
0.1
11.4
—
—
—
Tarasov 0.3
Mavrodi 0.1
N/A 4.5
9–14 May 1996[ 41] [ 56]
CESSI
18.3
9.2
4.3
5.5
27.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11–12 May 1996[ 56]
FOM
28
18
—
14
32
10
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
12 May 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
25
9.0
5.0
5.0
32
3.0
1.0
—
—
—
—
—
1.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
14 May 1996[ 31]
CESSI
19.3
9.2
4.3
5.5
27.7
3.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
14 May 1996[ 54]
27
—
—
—
28
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
15 May 1996[ 57]
VCIOM
22
10
6
7
36
5
1
0
0
1
—
—
—
—
2
0
3
—
—
Mid-May 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
22.4
13.3
6.1
7.4
35.2
5.6
1.0
0.2
0.6
0.9
—
—
3.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
17 May 1996[ 31]
ISP
42
10.0
7.0
8.0
27.0
3.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
19 May 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
26.0
9.0
7.0
7.0
33.0
4.0
0.5
—
0.4
0.5
—
—
1.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
19 May 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
27.0
7.0
5.0
4.0
31.0
5.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
—
—
1.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
24–28 May 1996[ 31]
ISP
36
10
5–7
7–8
36
4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
26 May 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
24.0
6.0
5.0
6.0
35.0
3.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
—
—
1.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
30 May 1996[ 41] [ 58]
CESSI
19.7
5.9
5.7
5.6
32.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
31 May 1996[ 59]
FOM
22
—
—
—
34
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
June
Date
Agency
Zyuganov
Yavlinsky
Zhirinovsky
Lebed
Yeltsin
S. Fyodorov
Gorbachev
Bryntsalov
Vlasov
Shakkum
Tuleyev
Against all
Wouldn't vote
3 June 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
26.0
7.0
6.0
7.0
37.0
3.0
1.0
0.4
—
—
—
—
—
3 June 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
23
7
4
7
35
2
0
0
0
0
1
—
—
7 June 1996[ 31]
ISP
31
11
5
9
40
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5–11 June 1996[ 31] [ 60] [ 61] [ 62]
VCIOM
24.0
8.0
6.0
10.0
36.0
3.0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.1
1.0
—
—
8–10 June 1996[ 31] [ 60]
ROMIR
23
7
5
7
34
2
1
0
0
0
1
—
—
9 June 1996[ 62]
FOM
30
6
8
7
34
2
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
10 June 1996[ 63]
VCIOM
24
9
5
7
39
3
1
1
0
0
0
2
10
13 June 1996[ 61]
Sovetskaya Rossiya
36
—
—
—
27
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
13 June 1996[ 61]
ISP
31
—
—
—
40
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
13 June 1996[ 31] [ 62] [ 64]
Betanelli
35.6
9.8
7.5
11.0
32.7
9.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
June 1996[ 65]
VCIOM
19
10
6
8
33
3
1
3
1
—
2
11
June 1996[ 66]
VCIOM
22
10
5
9
39
4
0
1
0
0
2
2
5
16 June 1996
Election result
32.5
7.4
5.8
14.7
35.8
0.9
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.0
1.6
—
Exit polls
Second round
Polls before runoff
Date
Agency
Zyuganov
Yeltsin
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
20 February 1995[ 68]
VCIOM
19
23
—
58
—
January 1996[ 39] [ 35]
VCIOM
41
21
—
—
—
January 1996 [ 32]
VCIOM
33
19
20
15
13
28 January 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
33
18
22
15
12
30 January 1996[ 69]
VCIOM
36
25
32
7
—
February 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
32.3
25.2
36.3
—
—
February 1996 [ 32]
VCIOM
34
21
22
15
13
13 February 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
33
19
20
15
13
15 February 1996[ 70]
VCIOM
36
26
24
14
—
Mid-February 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
39
27
22
4
8
March 1996[ 35]
VCIOM
37
29
—
—
—
mid-March[ 32]
VCIOM
32
24
17
12
12
17 March 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
36
33
18
3
10
17 March 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
40
31
—
—
—
12–24 March 1996[ 71]
IISES
32
24
36
—
—
late-March[ 32]
VCIOM
30
29
21
12
10
late-March[ 32]
ROMIR
40
30
—
—
—
31 March 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
32
24
21
12
11
April 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
36.5
31.7
20.8
—
—
10 April 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
29
28
18
15
10
13 April 1996[ 43]
FOM
17
22
—
—
—
14 April 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
40
34
—
—
—
17 April 1996[ 50] [ 51] [ 32]
VCIOM
29
28
17
12
12
20 April 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
40
36
—
—
—
28 April 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
40
36
—
—
—
May 1996[ 72]
ISP
42
27
—
—
—
May 1996 [ 29]
IISS
36-47
16-20
—
—
—
5 May 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
33
41
—
—
—
5 May 1996[ 54]
36
40
—
—
—
6 May 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
29
31
17
9
14
6-24 May 1996[ 55]
VCIOM
35.2
48.3
—
16.5
—
12 May 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
31
37
15
9
8
12 May 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
32
42
—
—
—
14 May 1996[ 54]
37
45
—
—
—
17 May 1996[ 41]
CESSI
27
43.1
—
—
11.5
19 May 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
37
50
13
—
—
19 May 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
32
43
—
—
—
26 May 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
36
52
12
—
—
26 May 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
30
46
—
—
—
30 May 1996[ 41]
CESSI
27.6
47.9
—
—
9.5
3 June 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
31
49
—
—
—
12 June 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
36
53
11
—
—
12 June 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
30
46
—
—
—
Polls during runoff
Date
Agency
Zyuganov
Yeltsin
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
16 June 1996[ 73]
CNN/Moscow Times
24.8
50.0
—
—
—
1 July 1996[ 74]
Betanelli
38.5
56.0
5.0
—
—
3 July 1996
Election result
40.7
54.4
4.9
—
—
Exit polls
Hypothetical polling
Chernomyrdin — Lebed
Chernomyrdin — Yavlinsky
B. Fyodorov — Lebed
Date
Agency
B. Fyodorov
Lebed
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
20 February 1995[ 75]
VCIOM
28
20
28
24
—
B. Fyodorov — Zhirinovsky
S. Fyodorov — Gaidar
S. Fyodorov — Yavlinsky
Gaidar — Yavlinsky
Date
Agency
Gaidar
Yavlinsky
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
May 10, 1995[ 3]
VCIOM
20.4
29.6
—
50
—
Gaidar — Zhirinovsky
Gaidar — Zyuganov
Date
Agency
Gaidar
Zyuganov
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
10–23 November 1995[ 80]
VCIOM
26
20
38
17
—
Lebed—Yavlinsky
Date
Agency
Lebed
Yavlinsky
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
14 January 1996[ 27]
FOM
47.25
52.75
—
—
—
30 January 1996[ 81]
VCIOM
33
39
21
6
—
12–24 March 1996[ 71]
IISES
35
32
—
—
—
Lebed — Yeltsin
Date
Agency
Yeltsin
Lebed
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
30 January 1996[ 82]
VCIOM
22
40
32
6
—
12–24 March 1996[ 71]
IISES
28
24
50
—
—
Lebed — Zyuganov
Date
Agency
Lebed
Zyuganov
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
10 January 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
35
29
—
—
—
14 January 1996[ 27]
FOM
57.9
42.1
—
—
—
28 January 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
28
28
20
12
12
30 January 1996[ 83]
VCIOM
34
33
27
7
—
February 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
24.9
29.3
38.7
—
—
13 February 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
23
31
24
12
10
31 March 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
23
30
24
12
11
April 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
24.8
35.4
27.1
—
—
10 April 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
28
26
18
16
12
Nemtsov—Zhirinovsky
Pamfilova — Yavlinsky
Rutskoy — Yavlinsky
Date
Agency
Rutskoy
Yavlinsky
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
10–23 November 1993[ 3]
VCIOM
15.7
37.4
—
46.9
—
Rutskoy — Yeltsin
Date
Agency
Rutskoy
Yeltsin
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
June 1994[ 86]
FOM
19
24
30
18
9
Rutskoy — Zhirinovsky
Yavlinsky — Yeltsin
Date
Agency
Yavlinsky
Yeltsin
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
20 February 1995[ 68]
VCIOM
35
14
—
51
—
February 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
35.2
20.1
37.1
—
—
12–24 March 1996[ 71]
IISES
35
20
37
—
—
April 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
28.0
26.8
30.1
—
—
6-24 May 1996[ 55]
VCIOM
23.1
55.1
—
21.8
—
Yavlinsky — Zyuganov
Date
Agency
Yavlinsky
Zyuganov
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
20 February 1995[ 87]
VCIOM
38
17
—
45
—
September 22, 1995[ 20]
Moscow Kurranty
26
18
21
18
17
January 1996[ 39]
VCIOM
36
34
36
—
—
14 January 1996[ 27]
FOM
54.5
42.5
—
—
—
28 January 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
33
27
17
11
12
30 January 1996[ 88]
VCIOM
39
32
24
6
—
February 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
34.2
29.2
31.4
—
—
13 February 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
34
28
15
11
12
Mid-February 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
33
37
19
4
7
17 March 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
32
34
17
6
11
17 March 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
29
38
—
—
—
12–24 March 1996[ 71]
IISES
34
29
31
—
—
31 March 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
31
29
16
10
14
April 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
31.0
36.0
20.3
—
—
10 April 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
31
27
14
15
13
14 April 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
28
39
—
—
—
12 May 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
41
40
19
—
—
14 April 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
34
31
—
—
—
6-24 May 1996[ 55]
VCIOM
38.7
26.6
—
34.7
—
Yeltsin — Zhirinovsky
Date
Agency
Yeltsin
Zhirinovsky
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
End of 1993[ 89]
ROMIR
21
16
—
7
22
25 June 1994 [ 90]
VCIOM
42
11
—
36
12
20 February 1995[ 91]
VCIOM
24
11
—
64
—
30 January 1996[ 92]
VCIOM
29
19
45
7
—
12–24 March 1996[ 71]
IISES
28.5
14
39
—
—
Zhirinovsky — Zyuganov
Date
Agency
Zhirinovsky
Zyuganov
Against all
Not vote
Undecided
28 January 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
15
35
26
14
10
30 January 1996[ 93]
VCIOM
18
39
36
7
—
February 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
11.2
33.6
47.1
—
—
13 February 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
14
35
26
14
11
28 February 1996[ 94]
VCIOM
12
39
38
11
—
17 March 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
13
40
32
7
8
17 March 1996[ 31]
ROMIR
13
44
—
—
—
12–24 March 1996[ 71]
IISES
11
34
47
—
—
31 March 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
13
35
32
12
8
April 1996[ 31]
RIISNP
11.2
37.2
41.2
—
—
10 April 1996[ 31]
VCIOM
12
33
30
18
7
Subnational polls
Central Russia
Centralno-Chernozemnyi
Far East Russia
North/Northwest Russia
First round
Sources
^ White, Stephen; McAllister, Ian; Kryshtanovskaya, Olga (1994). "El'tsin and His Voters: Popular Support in the 1991 Russian Presidential Elections and after". Europe-Asia Studies . 46 (2): 285–303. doi :10.1080/09668139408412162 . JSTOR 152706 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b c "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-02-23. Retrieved 2018-02-23 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b "На выборах президента в марте Григорий Явлинский собрал бы 7% голосов россиян, а в июне его шансы возросли бы на пять пунктов" . www.bd.fom.ru (in Russian). FOM. July 29, 1994.
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b "Klingemann, Hans-Dieter; Mnenie Poll Service, Moskau, Russland (1995): Political and Economic Problems Russia 1994. GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA2818 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.2818" . Archived from the original on 2018-02-23. Retrieved 2018-02-23 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Russian Election Watch No. 2, June 2, 1995" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. June 2, 1995. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b "Russian Election Watch, July 14, 1996" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. July 14, 1995. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .
^ Ferguson, Gary (1995). Russia National Survey, 1995: Overview . IFES. ISBN 9781879720039 . Retrieved February 22, 2018 .
^ "INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR ELECTION SYSTEMS OVERVIEW: RUSSIA NATIONAL SURVEY" (PDF) . www.ifes.org . International Foundation for Election Systems. 1995. Retrieved January 19, 2018 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ferguson, Gary (September 30, 1995). "IFES RUSSIA NATIONAL SURVEY REGIONAL PROFILES" (PDF) . www.ifes.org . International Foundation for Election Systems. Retrieved January 19, 2018 .
^ a b "Russian Election Watch No. 9, October 1, 1995" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. October 1, 1995. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .
^ a b "База данных ФОМ > В сентябре лидер "Яблока" существенно обогнал премьера по числу возможных голосов избирателей" .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2018-03-07 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2018-03-07 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Russian Election Watch No. 10, November 1, 1995" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. November 21, 1995. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2018-03-07 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2018-03-07 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b c d e f g "Russian Election Watch, January 26, 1996" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. January 26, 1996. Retrieved February 20, 2018 ."Russian Election Watch, January 26, 1996" . January 26, 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-01 .
^ a b c Shevtsova, Lilia (1999). Yeltsin's Russia Myths and Reality . Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 156.
^ a b c d "What Would a Zyuganov Victory Mean?". Strategic Comments . 2 (4): 1–2. May 14, 1996. doi :10.1080/1356788960241 .
^ Rose, Richard (1996). "Yeltsin Faces the Electorate: Findings from Opinion Polling Data" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-02. Retrieved 2018-02-23 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck "Opinion Poll Data" . www.acs.brockport.edu . ACS Brockport. 1996. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007."Opinion Poll Data" . www.cs.ccsu.edu . CCSU. n.d. Retrieved January 2, 2018 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Hough, Jerry F.; Davidheiser, Evelyn; Lehmnn, Susan Goodrich (1996). The 1996 Russian Presidential Election . Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. pp. 80–82. ISBN 9780815705161 .
^ a b "Russian Election Watch, February 9, 1996" . February 9, 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-01 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2012-07-21. Retrieved 2018-03-07 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b c d e f "Russian Election Watch, April 8, 1996" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. April 8, 1996. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .[permanent dead link ] "Russian Election Watch, April 8, 1996" . April 8, 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-02 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2018-03-10 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ Phillips, Richard (February 21, 1996). "Yeltsin Trails Communists In Election Poll" . www.chicagotribune.com . Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 21, 2018 .
^ a b c "Russian Election Watch, March 7, 1996" . March 7, 1996. Archived from the original on January 29, 2000. Retrieved 2018-01-01 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b c d e f "Poll: Yeltsin gains support in Russian electorate" . www.cnn.com . CNN. June 1, 1996. Retrieved January 1, 2017 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b c d "База данных ФОМ > Категории" .
^ "База данных ФОМ > В предвыборном марафоне по-прежнему лидируют Борис Ельцин и Геннадий Зюганов" .
^ a b c d "База данных ФОМ > В середине апреля рейтинги Ельцина и Зюганова сравнялись" .
^ "Yeltsin Gains In Opinion Poll" . www.chicagotribune.com . Chicago Tribune. April 5, 1996. Retrieved February 22, 2018 .
^ a b c "База данных ФОМ > Рейтинги кандидатов в президенты к концу апреля стабилизировались" .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2012-07-21. Retrieved 2018-03-07 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b "Russian Election Watch, April 18, 1996" . April 18, 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-02 .
^ a b c d "Russian Election Watch, May 9, 1996" . May 9, 1996. Archived from the original on 2001-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-02 .
^ Phillips, Hugh (n.d.). "OP #273 LEAVING THE PAST BEHIND: THE RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 1996" (PDF) . www.wilsoncenter.org . Wilson Center. Retrieved February 21, 2018 .
^ Orttung, Robert (May 6, 1996). "POLLS SHOW YELTSIN, ZYUGANOV RUNNING NECK AND NECK.(Newsline - May 6, 1996)" . www.rferl.org . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved February 21, 2018 .
^ a b c d http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/RP96-70/RP96-70.pdf [bare URL PDF ]
^ a b c d e Vciom Moskau, Russland (1999). "Monitoring Russia 1996" . GESIS Data Archive. doi :10.4232/1.3176 .
^ a b "Russian Election Watch, June 12, 1996" . June 12, 1996. Archived from the original on 2001-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-08 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ Laurenzo, Ron (June 7, 1996). "Reformers see Yeltsin as 'last resort' " . www.upi.com . UPI. Retrieved February 22, 2018 .
^ McNally, Steve (May 31, 1996). "Russia tries to 'rock' the youth vote" . www.cnn.com . CNN. Retrieved February 22, 2018 .
^ a b "Yeltsin condemns subway bombing" . www.newspapers.com . Chicago Tribune. June 13, 1996. Retrieved January 13, 2018 .
^ a b c "Newsline - June 13, 1996" . www.rferl.org . RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. June 13, 1996. Retrieved January 13, 2018 .
^ a b c "Poll Average Details- Russian President - First Round - 1996-06-16 23:00:00" .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-07 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "CNN - Yeltsin, Zyuganov in statistical dead heat as campaign ends - June 14, 1996" . www.cnn.com . Archived from the original on 23 August 2000. Retrieved 15 January 2022 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-19. Retrieved 2018-03-18 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-07 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-30. Retrieved 2018-03-18 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2012-07-22. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b c d e f g "Russian Presidential Election, Recent Polling Results on the Presidential Election" . 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-28. Retrieved 2018-01-02 .
^ Hockstader, Lee (May 14, 1996). "AFTER TRAILING BADLY, YELTSIN TAKES LEAD IN RUSSIAN POLLS" . Washington Post . Retrieved January 13, 2018 .
^ "CNN - Poll shows Yeltsin far ahead of rival - June 28, 1996" . www.cnn.com . Archived from the original on 23 August 2000. Retrieved 15 January 2022 .
^ "CNN - Communists charge Russian television with election law violation - July 2, 1996" . www.cnn.com . Archived from the original on 8 February 2001. Retrieved 15 January 2022 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2018-03-07 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ a b "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ https://wciom.ru/zh/print_q.php?s_id=431&q_id=34612&date=10.05.1995 [dead link ]
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Если бы в последнем туре президентских выборов кандидатами остались Ельцин и Руцкой, то за первого проголосовал бы каждый четвертый, а за второго – каждый пятый опрошенный" . www.bd.fom.ru (in Russian). FOM. July 8, 1994.
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ Miller, William L; White, Stephen; Heywood, Paul (1996). "Review: Twenty-Five Days to go: Measuring and Interpreting the Trends in Public Opinion During the 1993 Russian Election Campaign". The Public Opinion Quarterly . 60 (1): 106–127. doi :10.1086/297741 . JSTOR 2749500 .
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-06 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08 .{{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )
^ "Russian Election Watch No. 7, August 4, 1995" . www.belfercenter.org . Belfer Center. August 4, 1995. Retrieved February 20, 2018 .
^ "Russian Election Watch, May 15, 1996" . May 15, 1996. Archived from the original on 2000-01-27. Retrieved 2018-01-03 .
Opinion polling for
elections and referendums in Russia
Presidential elections Parliamentary elections Referendums