Outline of Ethiopia

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The Flag of Ethiopia
The Coat of arms of Ethiopia
The location of Ethiopia
See also: Index of Ethiopia-related articles

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is a landlocked sovereign country located in the Horn of Africa.[1] Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Sudan to the west, South Sudan to the south-west, Kenya to the south, Somalia to the east and Djibouti to the north-east.

Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in the world[2] and Africa's second-most populous nation.[3] Ethiopia has yielded some of humanity's oldest traces,[4] making the area important in the history of human evolution. Recent studies claim that the vicinity of present-day Addis Ababa was the point from which human beings migrated around the world.[5][6][7] Ethiopian dynastic history traditionally began with the reign of Emperor Menelik I in 1000 BC.[8][9] The roots of the Ethiopian state are similarly deep, dating with unbroken continuity to at least the Aksumite Empire (which adopted the name "Ethiopia" in the 4th century) and its predecessor state, D`mt (with early 1st millennium BC roots).[10][11] After a period of decentralized power in the 18th and early 19th centuries known as the Zemene Mesafint ("Era of the Judges/Princes"), the country was reunited in 1855 by Kassa Hailu, who became Emperor Tewodros II, beginning Ethiopia's modern history.[12][13][14][15] Ethiopia's borders underwent significant territorial expansion to its modern borders for the rest of the century,[16][17][18] especially by Emperor Menelik II and Ras Gobena, culminating in its victory over the Italians at the Battle of Adwa in 1896 with the military leadership of Ras Makonnen, and ensuring its sovereignty and freedom from colonization.[17][18] It was brutally occupied by Benito Mussolini's Fascist Italy from 1936 to 1941,[19] ending with its liberation by British Empire and Ethiopian Patriot forces.

Having converted during the 4th century, it is also the second-oldest country to become officially Christian, after Armenia.[20] Since 1974, it has been secular and has also had a considerable Muslim community since the earliest days of Islam.[21] Historically a relatively isolated mountain country, Ethiopia by the mid 20th century became a crossroads of global international cooperation. It became a member of the League of Nations in 1923, signed the Declaration by United Nations in 1942, and was one of the fifty-one original members of the United Nations (UN). The headquarters of United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) is in Addis Ababa, as is the headquarters of the African Union (formerly the Organisation of African Unity), of which Ethiopia was the principal founder. There are about forty-five Ethiopian embassies and consulates around the world.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ethiopia:

Contents

[edit] General reference

An enlargeable relief map of Ethiopia

[edit] Geography of Ethiopia

An enlargeable topographic map of Ethiopia
Main article: Geography of Ethiopia
 Sudan 723 km
 South Sudan 883 km
 Somalia 1,600 km
 Eritrea 912 km
 Kenya 861 km
 Djibouti 349 km
  • Coastline: none

[edit] Environment of Ethiopia

An enlargeable satellite image of Ethiopia
Main article: Environment of Ethiopia

[edit] Natural geographic features of Ethiopia

[edit] Regions of Ethiopia

Main article: Regions of Ethiopia

[edit] Ecoregions of Ethiopia

Main article: Ecoregions in Ethiopia

[edit] Administrative divisions of Ethiopia

Main article: Administrative divisions of Ethiopia
[edit] Regions of Ethiopia
Main article: Regions of Ethiopia
[edit] Zones of Ethiopia
Main article: Zones of Ethiopia
[edit] Municipalities of Ethiopia

[edit] Demography of Ethiopia

Main article: Demographics of Ethiopia

[edit] Government and politics of Ethiopia

Main article: Government of Ethiopia and Politics of Ethiopia

[edit] Branches of the government of Ethiopia

Main article: Government of Ethiopia

[edit] Executive branch of the government of Ethiopia

[edit] Legislative branch of the government of Ethiopia

[edit] Judicial branch of the government of Ethiopia

Main article: Court system of Ethiopia

[edit] Foreign relations of Ethiopia

Main article: Foreign relations of Ethiopia

[edit] International organization membership

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is a member of:[1]

[edit] Law and order in Ethiopia

Main article: Law of Ethiopia

[edit] Military of Ethiopia

Main article: Military of Ethiopia

[edit] Local government in Ethiopia

Main article: Local government in Ethiopia

[edit] History of Ethiopia

Main article: History of Ethiopia, Timeline of the history of Ethiopia, and Current events of Ethiopia

[edit] Culture of Ethiopia

Main article: Culture of Ethiopia

[edit] Art in Ethiopia

[edit] Sports in Ethiopia

Main article: Sports in Ethiopia

[edit] Economy and infrastructure of Ethiopia

Main article: Economy of Ethiopia

[edit] Education in Ethiopia

Main article: Education in Ethiopia

[edit] Health in Ethiopia

Main article: Health in Ethiopia

[edit] See also

Portal icon Ethiopia portal
Portal icon Africa portal
Amharic language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Main article: Ethiopia

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b "Ethiopia". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. October 23 1998, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html. Retrieved July 23, 2009. 
  2. ^ "Ethiopia". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9108373/Ethiopia. Retrieved 2008-02-02. 
  3. ^ Ethiopia, Africa's second most populous country
  4. ^ "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. 16 February 2005. http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050214/full/050214-10.html. Retrieved 2008-02-02. 
  5. ^ Li, J. Z.; Absher, DM; Tang, H; Southwick, AM; Casto, AM; Ramachandran, S; Cann, HM; Barsh, GS et al (February 2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science 319 (5866): 1100–1104. Bibcode 2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. PMID 18292342. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/319/5866/1100. 
  6. ^ Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says
  7. ^ Around the world from Addis Ababa
  8. ^ Speaking after his signing the disputed treaty between Ethiopia and Italy in 1889, Emperor Menelik II made clear his position: "We cannot permit our integrity as a Christian and civilised nation to be questioned, nor the right to govern our empire in absolute independence. The Emperor of Ethiopia is a descendant of a dynasty that is 3,000 years old — a dynasty that during all that time has never submitted to an outsider. Ethiopia has never been conquered and she never shall be..." Ethiopia Unbound: Studies In Race Emancipation - p. xxv by Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford
  9. ^ Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years - p. 319 by John Spencer
  10. ^ Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh: University Press, 1991, pp.57.
  11. ^ Paul B. Henze, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia, 2005.
  12. ^ Christopher S. Clapham, Haile-Selassie's Government, 1969, p.12.
  13. ^ Teshale Tibebu The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974, p. xii.
  14. ^ S. Rubenson, "Modern Ethiopia" in Joseph C. Anene, Godfrey N. Brown, eds. Africa in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: A Handbook for Teachers, p. 216.
  15. ^ Mordechai Abir, Ethiopia: The ERA of the Princes: The Challenge of Islam and Re-unification, p. 183, "The coronation of Teodros is considered by most historians of Ethiopia to be the end of the era of the princes and the beginning of modern Ethiopia."
  16. ^ Marcus, A History of Ethiopia ISBN: 0520224795 (page no?)
  17. ^ a b B. Holcomb & S. Ibssa, The Invention of Ethiopia (Trenton, 1990) (page no?)
  18. ^ a b Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia: State Formation and Ethnonational Conflict ISBN: 1569022461 (page no?)
  19. ^ It was decided at the official Paris Conference, that, for Ethiopia, WWII began on 3 October 1935. Other dates aside from 1 September 1939 are used for other countries such as China and Japan, as well. Richard Pankhurst, "Italian Fascist War Crimes in Ethiopia: A History of Their Discussion, from the League of Nations to the United Nations (1936-1949)" in Northeast African Studies 6.1-2 (1999). p. 116.
  20. ^ Online NewsHour: Famine Risk - July 3, 2003
  21. ^ Goldmann, Kjell (2000). Nationalism and Internationalism in the Post-Cold War Era. Routledge. ISBN 0415238900. 
  22. ^ The only glaciers in Africa are on Mt Kenya (in Kenya), on Kilimanjaro (in Tanzania), and in the Ruwenzori Mountains (which are located in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo). See Proceedings of the Riederalp Workshop, September 1978; Actes de l'Atelier de Riederalp, septembre 1978): IAHS-AISH Publ. no. 126, 1980.

[edit] External links

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