P5+1
The P5+1 is a group of countries which in 2006 joined the diplomatic efforts with Iran in regard to its nuclear program.[1] The term refers to the five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany, namely United States, Russia, China, United Kingdom, France and Germany. P5+1 is sometimes referred to as the E3+3 by European countries.
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History [edit]
China, Russia, and the United States joined the three EU3 countries in June 2006 to offer another proposal for comprehensive negotiations with Iran.
In March 2008, the P5+1 agreed to “repackage” the June 2006 proposal in order to specify some of the benefits that they would offer Iran as part of a long-term agreement on its nuclear program and to better demonstrate the nature of those benefits to the Iranian public. This agreement to revise the 2006 proposal coincided with the adoption of Security Council Resolution 1803, the third UN sanctions resolution on Iran.
Role of Germany [edit]
Germany is the key trading partner of Iran.[2] Iran's nuclear programs mainly depend upon the German Products and services. Around 50 German firms have their own branch offices in Iran and more than 12,000 firms have their own trade representatives in Iran. Several renowned German companies are involved in major Iranian infrastructure projects, especially in the petrochemical sector, like Linde, BASF, Lurgi, Krupp, Siemens, ZF Friedrichshafen, Mercedes, Volkswagen and MAN (2008).[3]
In 2005 Germany had the largest share of Iran's export market with $5.67 billion (14.4%).[4] In 2008, German exports to Iran increased 8.9 percent and comprised 84.7 percent of the total German-Iranian trade volume. The overall bilateral trade volume until the end of September 2008 stood at 3.23 billion euros, compared to 2.98 billion euros the previous year.[3][5] The value of trade between Tehran and Berlin has increased from around 4.3 billion euro in 2009 to nearly 4.7 billion euro in 2010.[6]
The German Chambers of Industry and Commerce (DIHK) has estimated that economic sanctions against Iran may cost more than 10,000 German jobs and have a negative impact on the economic growth of Germany. Sanctions would especially hurt medium-sized German companies, which depend heavily on trade with Iran.[3] There has been a shift in German business ties with Iran from long-term business to short-term and from large to mid-sized companies which have less business interests in the US and thus are less prone to American political pressure.[7]
Talks With Iran [edit]
The latest round of the talks between Iran and the P5+1 was held in the Kazakh city of Almaty on February 26–27. The two sides agreed to meet again in the city on April 5–6 to continue the talks after holding expert-level talks in the Turkish city of Istanbul on March 17–18.[8]
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ "History of Official Proposals on the Iranian Nuclear Issue | Arms Control Association". Armscontrol.org.
- ^ http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2007/11/20/germany-s-pivotal-role-in-iranian-nuclear-standoff/7f2
- ^ a b c http://www.payvand.com/news/08/dec/1021.html
- ^ The Cost of Economic Sanctions on Major Exporters to Iran
- ^ Iran warns Germany: Don't let 'Zionists' harm your interests
- ^ http://www.payvand.com/news/11/apr/1280.html
- ^ http://tehrantimes.com/Index_view.asp?code=229816
- ^ http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/03/11/293050/iranp51-talks-israels-total-defeat/
