PSCA (gene)

Prostate stem cell antigen
Identifiers
Symbols	PSCA; PRO232
External IDs	OMIM: 602470 MGI: 1919623 HomoloGene: 4150 GeneCards: PSCA Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • GPI anchor binding Cellular component • plasma membrane • anchored to membrane Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8000	72373
Ensembl	ENSG00000167653	ENSMUSG00000022598
UniProt	O43653	Q9D7U0
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_005672.4	NM_028216.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_005663	NP_082492.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 8: 143.75 – 143.76 Mb	Chr 15: 74.55 – 74.55 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Prostate stem cell antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSCA gene.

This gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell membrane glycoprotein. In addition to being highly expressed in the prostate it is also expressed in the bladder, placenta, colon, kidney, and stomach. This gene is up-regulated in a large proportion of prostate cancers and is also detected in cancers of the bladder and pancreas. This gene has a nonsynonymous nucleotide polymorphism at its start codon.

Further reading

• Gu Z, Thomas G, Yamashiro J, et al. (2000). "Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) expression increases with high gleason score, advanced stage and bone metastasis in prostate cancer.". Oncogene 19 (10): 1288–96. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203426. PMID 10713670. 
• Bahrenberg G, Brauers A, Joost HG, Jakse G (2000). "Reduced expression of PSCA, a member of the LY-6 family of cell surface antigens, in bladder, esophagus, and stomach tumors.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 275 (3): 783–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3393. PMID 10973799. 
• Amara N, Palapattu GS, Schrage M, et al. (2001). "Prostate stem cell antigen is overexpressed in human transitional cell carcinoma.". Cancer Res. 61 (12): 4660–5. PMID 11406532. 
• Watabe T, Lin M, Ide H, et al. (2002). "Growth, regeneration, and tumorigenesis of the prostate activates the PSCA promoter.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (1): 401–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.012574899. PMC 117572. PMID 11752398. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=117572. 
• Ross S, Spencer SD, Holcomb I, et al. (2002). "Prostate stem cell antigen as therapy target: tissue expression and in vivo efficacy of an immunoconjugate.". Cancer Res. 62 (9): 2546–53. PMID 11980648. 
• Jain A, Lam A, Vivanco I, et al. (2003). "Identification of an androgen-dependent enhancer within the prostate stem cell antigen gene.". Mol. Endocrinol. 16 (10): 2323–37. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0004. PMID 12351697. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Tran CP, Lin C, Yamashiro J, Reiter RE (2003). "Prostate stem cell antigen is a marker of late intermediate prostate epithelial cells.". Mol. Cancer Res. 1 (2): 113–21. PMID 12496358. 
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=403697. 
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
• Zhang Z, Henzel WJ (2005). "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.". Protein Sci. 13 (10): 2819–24. doi:10.1110/ps.04682504. PMC 2286551. PMID 15340161. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2286551. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928. 
• Fraga MF, Ballestar E, Villar-Garea A, et al. (2005). "Loss of acetylation at Lys16 and trimethylation at Lys20 of histone H4 is a common hallmark of human cancer.". Nat. Genet. 37 (4): 391–400. doi:10.1038/ng1531. PMID 15765097. 
• Lam JS, Yamashiro J, Shintaku IP, et al. (2005). "Prostate stem cell antigen is overexpressed in prostate cancer metastases.". Clin. Cancer Res. 11 (7): 2591–6. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1842. PMID 15814638. 
• Zhigang Z, Wenlu S (2006). "Complete androgen ablation suppresses prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) mRNA expression in human prostate carcinoma.". Prostate 65 (4): 299–305. doi:10.1002/pros.20290. PMID 16015594. 
• Wente MN, Jain A, Kono E, et al. (2006). "Prostate stem cell antigen is a putative target for immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.". Pancreas 31 (2): 119–25. doi:10.1097/01.mpa.0000173459.81193.4d. PMID 16024997. 
• Oh JH, Yang JO, Hahn Y, et al. (2006). "Transcriptome analysis of human gastric cancer.". Mamm. Genome 16 (12): 942–54. doi:10.1007/s00335-005-0075-2. PMID 16341674. 
• Grubbs EG, Abdel-Wahab Z, Tyler DS, Pruitt SK (2007). "Utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction to evaluate prostate stem cell antigen as a tumor marker in pancreatic cancer.". Ann. Surg. Oncol. 13 (12): 1645–54. doi:10.1245/s10434-006-9029-5. PMID 16957968. 
• Morgenroth A, Cartellieri M, Schmitz M, et al. (2007). "Targeting of tumor cells expressing the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) using genetically engineered T-cells.". Prostate 67 (10): 1121–31. doi:10.1002/pros.20608. PMID 17492652.