P wave (electrocardiography)
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Absence of the P wave may indicate:
Amplitude [edit]
Peaked p waves indicate right atrial hypertrophy (P pulmonale).[1]
A P wave with increased amplitude can indicate hypokalemia.[2] It can also indicate right atrial enlargement.[3]
A P wave with decreased amplitude can indicate hyperkalemia.
Morphology [edit]
Bifid p waves indicate left atrial hypertrophy (P mitrale),[1] while a saw tooth formed P wave may indicate atrial flutter.
If P waves are not clearly delineated in the surface ECG, Lewis lead may be used to better visualize P waves.
References [edit]
- ^ a b c d e Longmore, Murray (2004). Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine 8th edition page 90. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-852558-3.
- ^ http://www.uhmc.sunysb.edu/internalmed/nephro/webpages/Part_D.htm
- ^ http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/ecg/ecg_outline/Lesson7/index.html
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