Pacific Southwest Airlines

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For the Texas airline, see Southwest Airlines.
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This article is about the PSA that operated from 1949 to 1988. For the airline that operates as a commuter for US Airways, see PSA Airlines.
Pacific Southwest Airlines
Psa airlines 3.jpg
IATA
PS		 ICAO
PSA		 Callsign
PSA
Founded 1949
Ceased operations 1988 (integrated into USAir)
Hubs
Member lounge Presidents Club
Fleet size 75 (At time of Shutdown)
Destinations 31
Company slogan Catch our Smile
Parent company PSA Inc. (later USAir Inc.)
Headquarters San Diego, California
Key people
  • Kenny Friedkin (Founder and Original President)
  • Jean Friedkin (Founder and Original Vice President)
  • Eleanor Glithero (PSA's first employee)

Pacific Southwest Airlines was a United States airline headquartered in San Diego, California that operated from 1949 to 1988. It was one of the first large discount airlines in the United States and is considered a precursor to Southwest Airlines. PSA was known by its slogan "The World's Friendliest Airline" and for the iconic smile painted on the nose of its airplanes.

PSA is one of the four heritage airlines that form US Airways, the other airlines being America West Airlines, Piedmont Airlines and Allegheny Airlines.

Its Boeing customer number was 14. Following the merger with USAir, the PSA name was given to Jetstream International Airlines in order to preserve the PSA name and trademarks.

Contents

[edit] History

Kenny Friedkin founded the airline in 1949 with a $1,000-a-month leased Douglas DC-3. That aircraft inaugurated a weekly round trip from San Diego to Oakland via Burbank. Reservations were initially taken from a World War II surplus latrine refitted as a ticket office. In 1951, PSA crossed the San Francisco Bay and began flying to San Francisco. In 1955, PSA purchased two Douglas DC-4 aircraft from Capital Airlines and painted boxes around the windows to make the planes resemble the more advanced Douglas DC-6.

PSA 1953 logo

During the 1960s, PSA operated Lockheed L-188 Electra aircraft on the San Diego–San Francisco route: these were replaced with Boeing 727-114s, Boeing 727-214s and Boeing 737-214s by the end of the decade. In the mid-1970s, PSA briefly operated Lockheed L-1011 aircraft before deeming them unprofitable and selling them. The L-1011-1 aircraft produced for PSA were unique in having lower deck seating.[1] PSA expanded its service to Sacramento, San Jose, Long Beach, and Ontario, California during this period, and by 1980 was operating a hub at Los Angeles International Airport.

After airline deregulation, California's major intrastate airlines (PSA, Air California (later rebranded AirCal), Western Airlines and United Airlines) became embroiled in intense airfare wars. PSA attempted to extend its route network beyond California with flights to Reno, Las Vegas, Salt Lake City, Phoenix, Tucson, and Albuquerque. The airline also introduced automated ticketing and check-in machines at several major airports, and briefly operated flights to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. When PSA's plan to buy out the assets of Dallas–Ft. Worth-based Braniff International Airways fell flat, the airline expanded its route network north to Washington, Oregon and Idaho. PSA used a new fleet of BAe 146 regional jets to serve smaller airports on the West Coast, such as Eureka, California and Concord, California. PSA held a contest, publicized in full-page newspaper ads, to name the fleet. The winning entry was Smiliner.

In 1986, Western and AirCal were purchased by out-of-state airlines (Delta Air Lines and American Airlines respectively). Some[who?] believe USAir was actually pursuing AirCal because of fleet commonality—(Boeing 737-300s)—but that American Airlines spoiled the deal and PSA was its second choice. Upon hearing that USAir was interested in AirCal, American Airlines aggressively courted the AirCal Board of Directors. It made more sense for American Airlines to purchase PSA due to fleet commonality, but American Airlines was determined not to concede market share. Therefore, many[who?] believe the American–AirCal deal was essentially an attempt to impede USAir's expansion. However, this plan did not work.

An hour after the AirCal deal was announced, PSA agreed to merge with USAir, which was completed in 1987. PSA's last flight took place on April 8, 1988. The PSA route network slowly disintegrated within USAir and was completely gone by 1994: most of the former airline's assets were scrapped or moved to USAir's hubs on the East Coast. PSA's operations base at San Diego International Airport was gutted and now serves as that airport's commuter terminal. PSA had planned from the start to become a nationwide carrier, but this never came to fruition. By the time of the merger, PSA's route system covered only the western United States, extending only as far east as Colorado and New Mexico. Southwest Airlines has since duplicated many of PSA's former San Diego routes.

In the San Diego Aerospace Museum, there is a display showcasing PSA, the city's hometown airline.

PSA was one of the sponsors of the original The Dating Game TV show on ABC from 1965 to 1973.

US Airways Airbus A319 painted in PSA's livery

Following the 2005 merger of US Airways and America West, a US Airways Airbus A319 was repainted in PSA's livery as one of four heritage aircraft commemorating the airlines that merged to form the present-day US Airways. The aircraft was dedicated at San Diego International Airport's commuter terminal (PSA's former operations base) on March 30, 2006, and flew similar flight patterns to the ones actually operated by PSA, as another commemorative bonus.

[edit] Corporate culture

At the time, PSA was known for its sense of humor. Founder Ken Friedkin wore Hawaiian shirts and encouraged his pilots and stewardesses to joke around with passengers. Its slogan was "The World's Friendliest Airline," and its recognizable trademark was a smile painted on the nose of each plane and an accompanying ad campaign declaring "Catch Our Smile." Because of the major San Diego flight schedule and because of the discount fares, military personnel nicknamed PSA the "Poor Sailor's Airline."[2] After PSA was bought by USAir, ex-PSA mechanics would occasionally paint smiles on USAir planes as a joke.[3]

During the 1960s, PSA was also known for the brightly-colored flight attendant uniforms that included miniskirts. In the early 1970s, the fashion changed to hotpants.[2] One PSA flight attendant, Marilyn Tritt, wrote a book about her tenure at the company titled, Long Legs and Short Nights (ISBN 0-9649577-0-1).

Ken Friedkin's son Tom was a PSA pilot in 1962 when the elder Friedkin died abruptly of a stroke. He was 47 years old. A year later, Tom Friedkin's mother died, making him the largest shareholder of PSA. Tom had a seat on the Board of Directors, but continued working as a full-time pilot for the airline.[2]

Southwest Airlines founder Herb Kelleher studied PSA extensively and used many of the airline's ideas to form the corporate culture at Southwest, and even on early flights used the same "Long Legs And Short Nights" theme for stewardesses on board typical Southwest Airlines flights.

[edit] Slogans

[4]

  • The World's Friendliest Airline. Mid 1960's.
  • PSA Gives You A Lift! Late 1960s/Early 1970s.
  • Catch Us! Late 1970s.
  • We gotta be tough to make you smile. Early 1980s.
  • Catch Our Smile! Mid 1980's.
  • Now our smile is even wider. Late 1980s (After acquisition by USAir).

[edit] Incidents and accidents

  • On March 5, 1974, a PSA NAMC YS-11 training aircraft's engines failed, resulting in the aircraft crashing in the desert near Borrego Springs, California. The plane was doing a simulated landing stall. All of the four Crew Members survived the crash. However, the aircraft was written off.[5]
PSA Flight 182 nosedived into a San Diego residential area.
  • On September 25, 1978, PSA Flight 182, a Boeing 727-200, crashed in San Diego while trying to land at Lindbergh Field (San Diego International Airport), California after a Cessna 172 operated by Gibbs Flite Center encroached the flight path. The 727 crashed at the intersection of Dwight and Nile. The Cessna fell a few blocks away. All 135 on board the PSA were killed as well as the two on the Cessna, and 7 on the ground. At the time, it was the worst plane crash in the United States.[6]
  • On December 7, 1987, PSA Flight 1771, a BAe-146, bound for San Francisco International Airport from Los Angeles International Airport, was cruising above the central California coast when it suddenly entered a high-speed nosedive and crashed on a cattle ranch near the small town of Cayucos. Investigations determined that an angry USAir employee, Dave Burke, recently fired for theft, had armed himself and boarded the flight, which was carrying his former manager. After writing a suicide note on an air sickness bag, Burke shot his ex-manager, both pilots and then himself, causing the airplane to crash. All 43 aboard the jetliner—38 passengers and 5 crew members—perished.[7]

[edit] Hijackings

There have been several attempted hijackings which resulted in no injuries and the surrender of the often lone hijacker. These incidents are not included. The following are notable hijackings because of fatalities or success in forcing the aircraft to fly to another country

  • On January 7, 1972, PSA 902, a Boeing 727-200 flight from San Francisco to Los Angeles was hijacked to Cuba. The captain negotiated release of the passengers in Los Angeles and the hijackers, armed with a shotgun and other arms, were taken to Cuba[8] with a fueling stop in Tampa where they released custody of the aircraft back to the captain. Three flight attendants and three off-duty flight attendants were not released with the passengers and accompanied the flight to Cuba.[9]
  • On July 5, 1972, PSA 710, a Boeing 737-200 flight from Sacramento, California to San Francisco was hijacked with demands to fly to the Soviet Union. The plane was stormed, resulting in the death of one passenger and the two hijackers.[10] One of the passengers of this flight, who was non-fatally shot in the back, was actor Victor Sen Yung, best known as Hop Sing from the Bonanza television series. There was one other passenger who was shot who survived.[11]

[edit] Destinations

PSA served many destinations, though not all at the same time. The following is a list of known PSA destinations.[1],[2],[3]

PSA is one of the four US Airways heritage brands.

California

Arizona

Colorado

Idaho

New Mexico

Nevada

Oregon

Utah

Washington

Mexico

[edit] Fleet

[edit] Final Fleet

PSA fleet details at the time of its merger shutdown into USAir:

Pacific Southwest Airlines Fleet
Aircraft Total Passengers
Douglas DC-9-32 4 115
BAe 146-200 24
BAe 146-100 3
McDonnell-Douglas MD-81 23
McDonnell-Douglas MD-82 12

[edit] Historic Fleet

Historic PSA Fleet Details:

Historic Pacific Southwest Airlines Fleet
Aircraft Total Passengers PSA Name
Douglas DC-3/C-47 Skytrain 9
Douglas DC-4/C-54 Skymaster 4
Lockheed L-188 Electra 9 Super Electra Jet/Electrode/Trode
Douglas DC-6B 1
Boeing 727-14 9
Boeing 727-114 1
Boeing 727-173C 2
Boeing 727-51 5
Boeing 727-81 1
Boeing 727-214 18
Boeing 727-2J7A 2
Boeing 727-214A 7
Boeing 727-254 5
Boeing 727-2QA 1
Bell 206 1
Boeing 737-214 12
Boeing 737-293 2
Douglas DC-9-31 2
Douglas DC-9-32 4
Lockheed L-1011-1 TriStar 2 Mother Grinningbird
McDonnell Douglas MD-81 21
McDonnell Douglas MD-82 17
BAe 146-100 1 Smiliner
BAe 146-100A 2 Smiliner
BAe 146-200 5 Smiliner
BAe 146-200A 19 Smiliner

[edit] Training PSA Fleet

These aircraft were used for training only. They never saw actual passenger service.
Historic List Of Aircraft PSA used for training[12]:

Training Pacific Southwest Airlines Fleet
Aircraft Total
Piper Aztec 28R-180 1
Bell 47-G4A 1
Beech Bonanza F33-A 7
Piper Aztec 23-350 9
Piper Commanche 24-260 5
Learjet 24 1
Piper Aztec 23-250 5
NAMC YS-11A-202 1
NAMC YS-11A-212 1
Brantly B-2 1
Beech 99 1

[edit] References

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 This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (November 2009)
  1. ^ US Airways | US Airways: A Heritage Story
  2. ^ a b c Forbes Magazine: October 1, 2001-Under the Radar by Doug Donovan
  3. ^ Trinkle, Kevin. "Smiles on US Airways". The PSA History Page. http://www.psa-history.org/ussmile.htm. Retrieved 2006-06-05. 
  4. ^ The PSA History/Oldtimers Page
  5. ^ ASN accident NAMC YS-11A-202 N208PA Borrego Springs, California Retrieved 2008-04-08
  6. ^ ASN accident Boeing 727-214 N533PS San Diego International Airport, CA (SAN) Retrieved 2009-04-01
  7. ^ ASN aircraft accident British Aerospace BAe-146-200 N350PS Paso Robles, CA
  8. ^ ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727 ?
  9. ^ Airliner Magazine, November, 2000
  10. ^ ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-200 San Francisco International Airport, CA (SFO)
  11. ^ Ada Evening News, July 6, 1972, p. 1
  12. ^ Trinkle, Kevin. "Flight Training" - The PSA History/Olditimers Page - Retrieved 2009-3-28

[edit] External links

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Members of the US Airways Group
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Southwest_Airlines"