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This article is about public markets in the Philippines. For the pre–Columbian Maya archaeological site in Chiapas, Mexico, see Palenque. For other uses and related spellings, see Palenque (disambiguation).
A typical public market, in Danao, Cebu, locally known as a "palengke" in the Philippines

A palengke (Chavacano: palenque) is a permanent wet market in the Philippines (differentiated from periodic wet markets called talipapa).[1][2][3][4]

Etymology

The word palengke is a local variant of the Spanish word palenque, literally meaning "(wooden) palisade or stockade" and by extension the area enclosed by such a structure for defense, public festivals or some other purpose.[5] The Spanish word is also used to describe a pathway or cluster of tables set up at some place of gathering such as a theatre, tournament or market,[5] and it is from this latter sense that palengke likely derives its usage in the Filipino context.

In the former Spanish colonies of New Spain in the Americas palenque also described a gathering-place of indios.[5] One false etymology for palengke/palenque appearing in some popular sources mistakenly presumes that palenque is instead a word from the indigenous Mayan languages of Central America meaning "gathering place",[6][7] and that in colonial times the Spanish adopted it to describe a gathering of indigenous groups.[6] While its use in Latin America to describe such a gathering is attested, the word itself originates from Spanish and not any of the indigenous languages; the mistaken belief of the word's indigenous origin is probably reinforced by Palenque—the famous Maya archaeological site in Chiapas, Mexico—which was named after the nearby Spanish village when the site was rediscovered in the mid-18th century. [citation needed]

Description

A palengke is usually composed of several dozen stalls arranged in rows under a shared roof. Management is usually by the local governmental units whose jurisdiction encompasses the physical location of the markets. Certain pieces of legislation, however, such as the Cooperatives Code (RA 7160) and the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (RA 8435) have prescribed that management of the markets be accomplished through cooperatives.[8] There is little control over the day-to-day management of individual stalls, including commodity pricing. This has resulted in what has been called "palengke mechanics". A cited example would be the price of chicken during the local 2007 holiday season; lack of demand for the product resulted in prices going up rather than down. It was stated that this was the result of local retailers raising prices to recover financial losses from low demand.[9] The Philippine government retains some control over the price of some commodities sold in palengke, especially critical foods such as rice.[10] The National Food Authority calls this regulation campaign (specifically for rice), Palengke Watch.[11]

Issues

The concept has its criticisms, citing several drawbacks. Palengke have been described as sites where illicit electric and water connections are rampant. In 2002, the Caloocan public market was described by city officials as unsanitary.[8] Some are known to use wells, some illegally constructed, as water sources leading to possibly unsanitary water conditions.[12] Another criticism of the traditional palengke is that it is an old concept that must make way for modern development; a Pasig mayor once opined that the palengke was outdated.[13]

The concept of the palengke is usually taken hand-in-hand with the local concept poverty. Because of this, a few local politicians have used as their nicknames, such as "Mr. Palengke" (Tagalog: Palengkero; or some iteration) to signify affinity with the masses.[14] Prominent local politician Mar Roxas used the nickname Mr. Palengke to his advantage, gaining a Senate seat in the 2004 Philippine general election.[15]

Competition

In recent years, the typical palengke has been supplanted by larger, more commercialized shopping centers. The rise of shopping malls and supermarkets have also been cited as threats to the old-school public markets. In a 2002 article, the president of the National Federation of Market Vendors Cooperatives, a cooperative of market vendors throughout the country, stated that the concept of the palengke was an integral part of Philippine culture. He stressed that the public market instilled a sense of community that was not evident in the more-commercialized shopping malls.[8] In spite of this, at least one traditional market has been renovated to appeal to more commercialized consumers. A specific case is the "Mutya ng Pasig Market" which was renovated in late 2008, from a traditional palengke into more of a shopping mall.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Romo, Glory Dee; Digal, Larry; Reardon, Thomas (2009). "The Transformation of Food Retail in the Philippines". Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development. 6 (2): 54. doi:10.22004/ag.econ.199076. The wet market is a set of stalls selling fruits and vegetables, either grouped outside or under one roof, either periodic (called a talipapa) or permanent (called a palengke)
  2. ^ Barrios, Joi (2012). Survival Tagalog: How to Communicate without Fuss or Fear - Instantly!. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9781462910373.
  3. ^ Barrios, Joi (2014). Tagalog for Beginners: An Introduction to Filipino, the National Language of the Philippines. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9781462910397.
  4. ^ Domigpe, Jiedson R.; Domingo, Nenita Pambid (2014). Elementary Tagalog: Tara, Mag-Tagalog Tayo! Come On, Let's Speak Tagalog!. Tuttle Publishing. p. 245. ISBN 9781462910397.
  5. ^ a b c "Palenque" (online version). Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish) (22nd ed.). Madrid: Real Academia Española. 2001. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
  6. ^ a b Chris Rowthorn, Monique Choy & Michael Grosberg (2003). Philippines: 7000 Islands, Endless Possibilities. Lonely Planet. p. 461. ISBN 9781740592109.
  7. ^ Rene P. Ciria-Cruz (2008-12-27). "Beyond Pacquaio-De La Hoya, Two People's Long-lost Ties". New America Media. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
  8. ^ a b c Pabico, Alecks P. (2002). "Death of the Palengke". Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. Archived from the original on 2013-12-23. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
  9. ^ Remo, Amy R. (2007-11-14). "Chicken falls prey to 'palengke' mechanics". Money/ Breaking News. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
  10. ^ Napallacan, Jhunnex (2008-03-28). "6 Cebu rice retailers suspended for violations". Breaking News / Regions. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-10-06. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
  11. ^ Garcia, Bong (2007-04-21). "Food agency intensifies 'Palengke Watch'". Sun.Star Zamboanga. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
  12. ^ "'Patubig sa Palengke' launched in east Metro". Manila Bulletin. 2005-06-18. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
  13. ^ a b Yap, DJ (2008-11-18). "Pasig market now feels like a mall". Inquirer Headlines / Metro. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-10-02. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
  14. ^ Go, Kendrick (2007-03-18). "Garlic vendor turned 'Mr. Palengke ng Calamba'". Career Times. The Manila Times. Archived from the original on July 5, 2007. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
  15. ^ Delilan, Erwin Ambo (2007-11-29). "Delilan: Is Mr. Palengke for real?". The Buzz. Sun Star Bacolod. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
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