Palestinian community in Chile
| Total population |
|---|
| 350,000 - 500,000 |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Santiago, La Calera |
| Religion |
|
Christianity, Muslim minority[1] |
The Palestinian community in Chile is believed to be the largest Palestinian community outside of the Arab world.[2] Estimates of the number of Palestinian descendants in Chile range from 350,000 to 500,000.[1][3][4] The effects of their migration are widely visible.[1]
Contents |
[edit] Migration history
The earliest Palestinian migrants came in the 1850s during the Crimean War; they worked as businessmen and also in agriculture. Other migrants arrived during World War I and later the 1948 Palestine war.[1] By origin they primarily came from the cities of Beit Jala, Bethlehem, and Beit Sahour.[5] Most of these early migrants were Christians. They typically landed at Argentine ports, and crossed the Andes by mule into Chile.[6] Chilean Palestinians are often erroneously but also intentionally called turcos (Spanish for Turks) after the Ottoman nationality that early immigrants had on their passports. Contrary to the immigration of Germans and other European nationalities, the immigration of Palestinians was not considered beneficial by Chilean intellectuals, and was even, alongside Chinese and Japanese immigration, questioned.[7] The arrival of the Palestinian immigrants to Chile in the early 20th century happened at the same time the Chilean state stopped sponsoring immigration to Chile and the country suffered a severe social and economic crisis coupled with a wave of nationalism with xenophobe and racist undertones.[7] Palestinians were also at times treated in denigrating terms by the Chilean press; for example, El Mercurio wrote in 1911:[7]
| “ | Whether they are Mahometans or Buddhists, what one can see and smell from far, is they they are more dirty than the dogs of Constantinople... | ” |
Many of the immigrants were very poor and analphabet and had to take loans to pay their travel costs.[7] Once in Chile Palestinians settled largely in the marginal areas of cities and worked as small merchants.[7] In the 1950s by the time of the second government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo many Palestinian-Chileans had acquired substantial economic as well as political power in Chile, some working as deputies, ministers or ambassadors.[7]
Aside from these migrants of previous decades, Chile has also taken in some Palestinian refugees in later years, as in April 2008 when they received 117 from the Al-Waleed refugee camp on the Syria–Iraq border near the Al-Tanf crossing.[8] All of those refugees were Sunni Muslims.[4]
[edit] Religion
The vast majority of the Palestinian community in Chile follow the Christian religion, and in fact the number of Palestinian Christians in the diaspora in Chile alone exceeds the number of those who have remained in their homeland.[1] One early Palestinian church in Santiago, the Iglesia Ortodoxa San Jorge, was founded in 1917.[9]
[edit] Community organisations
The Club Palestino is one of the most prestigious social clubs in Santiago; it offers swimming, tennis, and dining facilities to its members. There is also a soccer team, C.D. Palestino, whose uniform is in the traditional Palestinian colours red, green, and white. The team has been champion of the Chilean First Division twice.[1] Also, some Chilean football players like Roberto Bishara have played in the Palestine national football team.
The situation in the Middle East has caused tensions even thousands of miles away between the Israeli and Palestinian communities in Chile.[10] For example, the president of the Cámara de Comercio (chamber of commerce) of the Barrio Patronato, himself a Palestinian descendant, in 2006 organised a protest regarding the 2006 Lebanon War; Lebanese and Palestinian flags were widely seen in the neighbourhood's streets at that time.[9] On another occasion, outside the Club Palestino and again in front of the Colegio Árabe, someone wrote on the sidewalk "Árabe=terrorismo" ("Arabs=terrorism") and "Palestina no existe" ("Palestine does not exist").[11]
[edit] In literature
A number of Chilean novels have featured Palestinian characters and discussed the experience of Palestinian immigrants in the country, such as El viajero de la alfombra mágica by Walter Garib, Los turcos by Roberto Sarah, and Peregrino de ojos brillantes, by Jaime Hales.[12]
[edit] Notable people
- Edgardo Abdala, footballer
- Carlos Abumohor, businessman and investor
- Roberto Bishara Adawi, footballer
- Jordi Castell Abusleme, photographer, television presenter
- Fuad Chahin Valenzuela, politician (Representative for District 49)
- Francisco Chahuán, politician
- Luis Dimas, pop singer
- Diamela Eltit, writer
- Miguelo Esbir, singer, businessman
- Daud Gazale, footballer
- Raúl Hasbún, Roman Catholic priest
- Annemarie Jacir, movie director and photographer
- Emily Jacir artist
- Gada Kanaan, dancer
- Roberto Kettlun Beshe, footballer
- Miguel Littin, movie director and screenwriter
- Nicolás Massú, tennis player
- Luis Musrri, footballer
- Teresita Reyes Aleuanlli, actress
- Álvaro Saieh, businessman
- Fernando Solabarrieta Chelech, journalist, TV presenter
- José Zalaquett Daher, lawyer
- Pablo Zalaquett, politician
- Leonardo Harum Amaro, footballer
- Marko Zaror, martial artist, actor
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Holston, Mark (2005-11-01), "Orgullosos palestinos de Chile", Américas, ISSN 0379-0975, http://www.articlearchives.com/south-america/chile-santiago-chile/914068-1.html, retrieved 2009-07-29
- ^ "Los palestinos miran con esperanza su futuro en Chile sin olvidar Gaza e Irak", El Economista, 2009-02-11, http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/sociedad/noticias/1028142/02/09/Los-palestinos-miran-con-esperanza-su-futuro-en-Chile-sin-olvidar-Gaza-e-Irak.html, retrieved 2009-07-29
- ^ Córdova Rojas, Alejandra (2002-10-02), "500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generacion de palestinos en Chile" (in Spanish), La Ventana, http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514, retrieved 2009-09-19
- ^ a b "Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome", ADN Kronos, 2008-04-08, http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508, retrieved 2009-09-19
- ^ Samamé 2003, p. 52
- ^ Cerda, Claudio (2009-01-13), "In remote Chile, Palestinians pray for cease-fire", Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKTRE50C4J720090113, retrieved 2009-08-02
- ^ a b c d e f La "Turcofobia". Discriminación anti-Árabe en Chile.
- ^ Henríquez, Andrea (2008-03-31), "Chile recibirá a refugiados palestinos", BBC World, http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/international/newsid_7305000/7305722.stm, retrieved 2009-07-29
- ^ a b "Palestino lucha por la paz desde Patronato: Carlos Abusleme chantó banderas en honor a los caídos del pueblo libanés", La Cuarta, 2006-08-09, http://www.cuarta.cl/diario/2006/08/09/09.03.4a.CRO.PATRONATO.html, retrieved 2009-07-29
- ^ Aguirre, Leslie; Prieto, M. Francisca (2008-12-29), "Palestinos e israelíes en Chile: La situación en Gaza es una "pena"", El Mercurio, http://www.emol.com/noticias/internacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=337345, retrieved 2009-07-29
- ^ "Palestinos inquietos por rayados ofensivos", Diario el Día, http://www.diarioeldia.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24437&Itemid=127, retrieved 2009-07-30
- ^ Samamé 2003
[edit] Sources
- Samamé, María Olga (2003), "Transculturación, identidad y alteridad en novelas de la inmigración árabe hacia Chile", Revista Signos 36 (53): 51–73, doi:10.4067/S0718-09342003005300004, ISSN 0718-0934, http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-09342003005300004&script=sci_arttext
[edit] External links
- Escritores chilenos de origen arabe
- Fundación Palestina Belén 2000-Chile
- Federación Palestina de Chile
- Unión General de Estudiantes Palestinos de Chile
- Comerciante palestino en Patronato, an article from the Corporación del Patrimonio Cultural de Chile
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