Paman languages
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For Pāman a Japanese manga and anime, see Pāman.
| Paman | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: |
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland |
| Linguistic classification: | Pama–Nyungan
|
| Subdivisions: |
Eastern
Mayi
Southern
|
The Paman languages are an Australian language family spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland. First noted by Kenneth Hale,[1][2] Paman is noteworthy for the profound phonological changes which have affected some of its descendants.[citation needed]
Contents |
[edit] Classification
Various classifications of the Paman languages exist. The one outlined below is that of R. W. Dixon, though he does not accept that these branches are necessarily related to each other.[3] Another widely accepted classification, that of Ethnologue, is available online.[4]
- North Cape York [accepted by Dixon]
- Umbindhamu [an isolate per Dixon]
- Lamalamic: Umbuygamu, Lama-Lama [accepted by Dixon]
- Mbariman: Mbariman–Gudhinma, Gugu Warra
- Western (See)
- Thaypan (Rarmul): Thaypan, Gogo Mini (incl. Aghu Tharrnggala), Takalak
- Southern: Agwamin, Mbabaram, Mbara
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ Hale, Kenneth L. (1964). "Classification of Northern Paman Languages, Cape York Peninsula, Australia; A Research Report". Oceanic Linguistics (Oceanic Linguistics, Vol. 3, No. 2) 3 (2): 248–265. doi:10.2307/3622881. JSTOR 3622881.
- ^ Hale, Kenneth L. (1966). "The Paman group of the Pama–Nyungan phylic family. Appendix to Languages of the World: Indo-Pacific Fascicle Six, by G.N. O'Grady, C. F. & F.M. Voegelin". Anthropological Linguistics 8 (2): 162–197.
- ^ See Dixon (2002), pp. xxx–xlii.
- ^ Ethnologue: Paman languages
[edit] General
- Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.
