Pan-Arab colors
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The Pan-Arab colors are black, white, green, and red, and individually have their origins in the flags of prominent empires, and dynasties in Arab history. They were first combined in the flag of the Arab Revolt in 1916. They are used currently in the flags of Jordan, Kuwait, Palestinian Authority, Sahrawi Republic, Sudan, Libya and the United Arab Emirates. A sub-set of the Pan-Arab colors are the Arab Liberation colors, in which green is less significant. These appear on the flags of Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Yemen.
Each of the four Pan-Arab colors were intended to represent a certain Arab dynasty, or era.[1] The black was the color of the banner of Muhammad, and of the Abbasid Caliphate; white was used by the Umayyad Caliphate; green was used by the Fatimid Caliphate as a reminder of the Battle of Badr to symbolize their support of Ali Bin Abi Talib[clarification needed]; red was the flag held by the Khawarij, and then became the symbol of rulers in the Maghreb, and Al-Andalus.[citation needed]
Other Arab states, while not using all of the Pan-Arab colors, do use some of them in other combination (the flag of Algeria, for example, uses green, white, and red, but not black). However, such use is unrelated to the symbolism of the Pan-Arab colors.
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[edit] Current flags with Pan-Arab colors
[edit] Countries
[edit] Partially or Unrecognized states
[edit] Former flags with the Pan-Arab colors
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The Federation of Arab Republics (Egypt (1972–1984), Syria (1972–1980), and Libya (1972–1977)) -
Libya (1969–1972) -
Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1959) -
Arab Federation (1958) -
Iraq (1959–1963) -
Iraq (1963–1991) and Syria (1963–1972) -
Iraq (1991–2004) -
Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24) -
Syria (1932–1958 and 1961–1963) -
United Arab Republic (1958–1961) -
Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990) -
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990) -
Proposed Unity Flag for Tunisia and Libya (1974)
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Flag of Hejaz from 1917 to 1920, based on the Flag of the Arab Revolt.
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Flag of Hejaz from 1920 to 1926
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Flag of Hejaz from 1926 to 1932
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[edit] Arab Flags using some Pan-Arab colors
[edit] Former Arab flags
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Rashidun Caliphate
(632–661) -
Umayyads
(661–750) -
Abbasids
(750–1258) -
Fatimids
(909–1171) -
Ayyubids
(1171–1341) -
Mamluk Sultanate
(1250–1517)
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] Citations
- ^ Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri, The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs, Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.
