Panachage

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Panachage is the name given to the procedure – sometimes provided for in elections conducted according to the party-list proportional representation system – which allows voters to distribute their votes between individual candidates from different party lists. It is used in open-list elections in Switzerland and Luxembourg, as well as in local elections in several German states.

In France, this procedure is used for municipal elections in cities that have less than 3500 inhabitants. Critics say it does not allow opposition to grow up, and promotes conservatism.