Pandura
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The pandura is an ancient Greek string instrument[1] from the Mediterranean basin.
It is derived from pandur, a Sumerian term for long-necked lutes.[2] Source of our knowledge about this instrument is since the ancient Greek Mantineia marble (4th century BC), now exhibited at National Archaeological Museum of Athens, depicting the mythical contest between Apollo and Marsyas, where Greek Pandouris is being played by a muse seated on a rock.[3] Lutes have been present in ancient Greece [4] and Mesopotamia since the Akkadian era, or the fourth millennium BCE.
The ancient Greek pandoura (or pandora) (πανδούρα) was a medium or long-necked lute with a small resonating chamber. It commonly had three strings: such an instrument was also known as the trichordon (McKinnon 1984:10). Its descendants still survive as Greek tambouras and bouzouki, North African kuitras, saz and Balkan tamburicas. Renato Meucci (1996) suggests that the some Italian Renaissance descendants of Pandura type were called Chitarra Italiana, mandore or mandola. In the 18th century the pandurina (mandore) was often referred to as mandolino napoletano.
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[edit] Regional variations
[edit] Tanbur
A wide variety of similar instruments, often by the name tanbur, are found in areas ranging from Central Asia to Egypt.
[edit] Afghanistan
In Afghanistan the pandura is called a dambura or dunbura, and is a popular folk instrument particularly among the Hazara people. Among the famous Afghan danbura players is Safdar Tawakoli.
[edit] Caucasus
In Georgia the panduri is a three-string fretted instrument widely spread in all regions of Eastern Georgia: such as Pshavkhevsureti, Tusheti, Kakheti and Kartli. A similar Georgian instrument is the chonguri.
A similar instrument is found in Chechnya, where it is known as: pondar, ponder, pandir, or pandur, or dechig pondur, adkhoku pondur or dakhch pandr, or merz ponder.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- J.W. McKinnon "Pandoura" in New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments Vol 3 p 10 ed S. Sadie (Macmillan Press, London 1984).
- Gill, Donald 1984. [title missing]
- ^ stringed instrument bouzouki, Origin: Greece. Evolved from the ancient Greek 'Pandura'.
- ^ Erkut, Cumhur; T. Tolonen, M. Karjalainen, and V. Välimäki (July 1999). "Acoustical Analysis of Tanbur, a Turkish long-necked lute" (PDF). Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Sound and Vibration. vol. 1. Sixth International Congress on Sound and Vibration. Lyngby, Denmark. pp. 345–352. http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2000/isbn9512251965/article4.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ^ 4th century BC, the trichord, pandouris on a Greek marble in ancient Greece.
- ^ Pandura, the first appearance in Greece.
[edit] External links
- Pandoura: the greco-Roman lyre of antiquity
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Pandura". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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