Human parainfluenza viruses
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| Human parainfluenza viruses | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group V ((-)ssRNA) |
| Order: | Mononegavirales |
| Family: | Paramyxoviridae |
| Human parainfluenza viruses | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | B34.8, J12.2, J20.4 |
| ICD-9 | 480.2 |
| DiseasesDB | 30631 |
| MedlinePlus | 001370 |
| MeSH | D018184 |
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are a group of four distinct serotypes of single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the paramyxovirus family.[1]
Parainfluenza viruses can be detected via cell culture, immunofluorescent microscopy, and PCR.
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[edit] Clinical significance
They are the second most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in younger children. Together, the parainfluenza viruses cause ~75% of the cases of Croup.
Repeated infection throughout the life of the host is not uncommon. Symptoms of later breakouts include upper respiratory tract illness as in a cold and sore throat. The incubation period of all four serotypes is 1 to 7 days. In immunosuppressed people, such as transplant patients, parainfluenza virus infections can cause severe pneumonia, which is often fatal.[2]
[edit] Prevention
Though no vaccines currently exist, research is underway.[3]
Parainfluenza viruses last only a few hours in the environment and are inactivated by soap and water.[4]
[edit] Types
There are four serotypes.[5] These include:
- HPIV-1 (most common cause of croup; also other upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses typical)
- HPIV-2 (causes croup and other upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses)
- HPIV-3 (associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia)
- HPIV-4 (includes subtypes 4a and 4b)
[edit] Notes
- ^ Vainionpää R, Hyypiä T (April 1994). "Biology of parainfluenza viruses". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 7 (2): 265–75. PMID 8055470. PMC 358320. http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8055470.
- ^ Sable CA, Hayden FG (December 1995). "Orthomyxoviral and paramyxoviral infections in transplant patients". Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 9 (4): 987–1003. PMID 8747776.
- ^ Sato M, Wright PF (October 2008). "Current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 27 (10 Suppl): S123–5. doi:. PMID 18820572. http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?an=00006454-200810001-00018.
- ^ "CDC - Human Parainfluenza Viruses: Common cold and croup". http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/respiratory/hpivfeat.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
- ^ "Parainfluenza Viruses". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.3128. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
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