Parma F.C.

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Parma
Parma FC.png
Full name Parma Football Club S.p.A.
Nickname(s) I Crociati[1] (The Crusaders)
I Gialloblù[1] (The Yellow and Blues)
I Ducali[1] (The Duchy Men)
Gli Emiliani[1] (The Emilians)
Founded 27 July 1913, as Verdi Foot Ball Club
Ground Stadio Ennio Tardini,
Parma, Italy
(Capacity: 27,906)
President Tommaso Ghirardi[2]
Head coach Roberto Donadoni[2]
League Serie A
2010–11 Serie A, 12th
Website Club home page
Home colours
Away colours
Third colours
Current season

Parma Football Club (formerly Parma Associazione Calcio), commonly referred to as just Parma, is an Italian professional football club based in Parma, Emilia–Romagna that is competing in Serie A for the 2011–12 season, having finished in twelfth position last season. Founded as Verdi Foot Ball Club in July 1913, the club changed its name in December of the same year.[3] Parma have played their home matches in the 27,906-seat Stadio Ennio Tardini, often referred to as simply Il Tardini, since 1923.[4]

Although Parma have never won a domestic league title and never competed for major trophies until the 1990s, they have won three Italian Cups, one Supercoppa Italiana, two UEFA Cups, one European Super Cup and one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.[5] Bankrolled by Calisto Tanzi, the club won these eight trophies between 1992 and 2002, a period in which it is achieved its best ever league finish – as runners-up in the 1996–97 season – and threatened the dominance of the league's established powers: Juventus, Milan and Internazionale, the only Italian sides to have had more success in European competition than Parma.[6][7][8]

More recently, Parma's financial troubles – brought on in late 2003 by the Parmalat scandal which caused the parent company to collapse and resulted in the club operating in controlled administration until January 2007 – have limited the club's ambitions.[9][10] Although the team does not have the firepower to compete for a place in Europe, nor is it weak enough to be relegated. The club's tradition demand the team to play attractive football and to develop younger players through the club's academy and is seen as something of an 'oasis of happiness'.[11] Despite the recent downturn in success, Parma is an associated member and one of eight Italian clubs that are part of the European Club Association, a collection of Europe's most elite clubs representing clubs at a continental level, formed after the dissolution of the G-14.[12][13]

Contents

[edit] History

Main article: History of Parma F.C.

[edit] Early years (1913–1968)

Location of Parma in Italy

The club was founded in July 1913 as Verdi Foot Ball Club in honour of the centenary of famous opera composer Giuseppe Verdi, who was born in the province of Parma, adopting its yellow and blue as its colours.[8] In December of the same year, the club changed its name to Parma Foot Ball Club and began wearing white shirts emblazoned with a black cross.[14] Parma began playing league football during the 1919–20 season after the end of World War I and launched plans to build a stadium, the Stadio Ennio Tardini, for the club two years later. Parma became founder members of Serie B after finishing as runners-up in the Prima Divisione in the 1928–29 season, where they would remain for three years before being relegated and changing name to Associazione Sportiva Parma. In the 1935–36 season, Parma became founding members of Serie C, where they would remain until they secured a return to Serie B in 1943.

Italian football was then brought to a halt as the Second World War intensified, although Parma did make an appearance in the Campianto Alta Italia in 1944. Following the restart of organised football, Parma enjoyed three years in Serie B, then split into two regional divisions, before again being relegated in 1948–49 to Serie C, where they would spend another five seasons before an eleven-year spell in Serie B, including the achievement of ninth position in 1954–55, a club record at that time. This was an era in which the club's players generally held down other jobs or were still in education and where the town's amateur rugby union and volleyball sides proved more popular among the more privileged. They were also more successful: Rugby Parma F.C. 1931 won Serie A in 1950, 1955 and 1957 and Ferrovieri Parma were national volleyball champions in 1950 and 1951.[15] Parma made their debut on the European stage during the 1960–61 season, defeating Swiss side AC Bellinzona in the Coppa delle Alpi, but relegation to Serie C followed in 1964–65 season. Parma spent just one season in Serie C before they were relegated for a second successive season and found themselves in Serie D in 1966. The club was in turmoil and, having been ordered into liquidation by the Court of Parma in 1968.

[edit] Re-birth and change of fortune (1968–1989)

In 1968, another local team, A.C. Parmense, won promotion to Serie D. On 6 September 1968, after the financial insolvency of the A.S. Parma, A.C. Parmense changed its name to Parma Associazione Calcio.[8] This brought about a change of luck in both financial and sporting terms, as the side were coronated as Serie D champions and spent three years in Serie C before promotion to Serie B. However, it was a short stay: they were relegated back to Serie C in their second season in the division. A return to Serie B did not materialise until the end of the decade and the club again lasted only one season in the second division of Italian football.

Under the management of Cesare Maldini, Parma once again returned to Serie B after winning their division in 1984 with victory on the final day over Sanremo; Juventus-bound Stefano Pioli scoring the only goal of the game. The Ducali again only spent a year in Serie B, finishing third from bottom and succumbing to relegation as a consequence. Arrigo Sacchi did, however, manage to return the club to Serie B in 1986 after a single season in the third tier. The club finally managed to keep their place in the division under the direction of Zdeněk Zeman and Giampieri Vitali. Nevio Scala was appointed as head coach in 1989.

[edit] Success with Scala (1989–1996)

Scala's Parma secured a historic promotion in 1990 to Serie A, finishing fourth after a 2–0 Derby del Grana win over A.C. Reggiana 1919.[16] The investment from Parmalat owner Calisto Tanzi, whose family increased their stake in the club to 45%, allowed Scala to supplement the squad that achieved promotion from Serie B with players like Tomas Brolin and Claudio Taffarel.[8][16][17][18] Parma ended ther first ever season in Serie A in sixth place, qualifying for the UEFA Cup.[16] However, Parma exited the 1991–92 in the first round. The club had more success on the domestic front, finishing sixth in the league and prevailing in the Coppa Italia final after losing the away leg 1–0, but winning the second leg 2–0 at home. In 1992, Parma's squad was further improved by summer arrivals, which helped them to their first international triumph when goals from captain Lorenzo Minotti, Alessandro Melli and Stefano Cuoghi secured a 3–1 victory in the Cup Winners' Cup over Belgian side Antwerp at Wembley.[16][19] They managed a record high finish of third place in the league.

The patch worn over Parma's badge in the seasons following their three Coppa Italia triumphs

The following season, the club were successful in the European Super Cup, beating Milan.[16] Having lost the first leg 1–0 at home, an extra time goal from Massimo Crippa was enough for a 2–1 aggregate Parma victory. The same season, however, they lost the Cup Winners' Cup 1–0 in the final against Arsenal and slipped to 5th in the league. The next year, bolstered by further acquisitions,[16] Parma would again face Juventus in a two-legged final; this time in the UEFA Cup. Dino Baggio scored the only goal of the first leg – played in Parma – and he scored again in the second leg, which was staged in Milan, to give Parma a 2–1 aggregate win and a second major European trophy. Parma lost the two-legged Coppa Italia final to Juventus by the same scoreline. A trophy-less 1995–96 season meant that Nevio Scala was replaced by Carlo Ancelotti. Scala was not only a popular coach for the trophies he won, but also because the team played attractive football in the tradition of the club.[15]

[edit] Tanzi era (1996–2002)

The team was again overhauled as Hernán Crespo, Enrico Chiesa and Zé Maria signed; Gianfranco Zola was sold to Chelsea for £4.5 million.[16][20][21] Ancelotti guided the club to a record second place in 1997 and Parma consequently made their debut in the Champions League, but progress from the group stages was not made. Coupled with a disappointing finish in fifth position in Serie A, this led to the job being passed to Alberto Malesani, who signed Argentine playmaker Juan Sebastián Verón from Sampdoria. Despite a disappointing finish in fourth place in Serie A, this season remains Parma's most successful ever; the club completed a rare cup double, winning the Coppa Italia final on the away goals rule after playing out two legs against Fiorentina, and the UEFA Cup, after a comfortable 3–0 victory over Marseille at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow.

A ticket to the 1999 UEFA Cup Final against Marseille, held in Moscow, Russia

Supercoppa Italiana victory over league champions Milan was contrasted with early Champions League elimination at the hands of Rangers and a fifth-place finish in the league in August 1999. The following summer saw the sale of Crespo to Lazio for a world record transfer fee. Parma's start to the following season led to the sacking of Malesani, a brief spell under Arrigo Sacchi and the appointment of new coach Renzo Ulivieri, who led the side to fourth in the league. Parma lost the Coppa Italia final to Fiorentina 2–1 on aggegrate in 2001 and Ulivieri was sacked in October of the next season after a poor start. Things did not improve under Daniel Passarella and he too was fired. Pietro Carmignani's appointment provided a third Coppa Italia trophy in 2002, yet again facing Juventus and emerging victorious on the away goals rule. Parma's success in the 1990s and early 2000s earned them a tag as one of the Seven Sisters.[22][23]

[edit] Financial turmoil and revival (2002–present)

Claudio Ranieri, who saved Parma from relegation in 2007

Cesare Prandelli was announced as the new man-in-charge in May 2002, but Parma continued to move their top players on and Parma slipped to defeat to Juventus in the 2002 Supercoppa Italiana, although the depleted squad did manage to finish above expectations in fifth place.[24][25] Despite the sale of Mutu, injury to Adriano, Parmalat's financial meltdown and the insolvency of the club – which led to a name change to Parma Football Club – Parma again finished fifth, in no small part due to 23-goal Alberto Gilardino.[9][23][26][27] Prandelli's departure as manager preceded the 2004–05 season and Parma plummeted to their lowest finish in Serie A – despite another 23-goal haul from Gilardino, who was then sold for €24m – as managers Silvio Baldini and Pietro Carmignani came and went.[22] Parma ended the following season in tenth, but the Calciopoli scandal meant re-classification to seventh and a UEFA Cup spot. Stefano Pioli was appointed manager as the 2006–07 season approached.

On 24 January 2007, Tommaso Ghirardi became the owner and president of Parma F.C. with the former owners still owing €81.1m in tax.[28] In February, second-bottom Parma fired head coach Pioli and replaced him with Claudio Ranieri who managed to avoid relegation to Serie B on the final day of the season and then resigned.[29][30] Parma again battled with relegation the following year and three different men – Domenico Di Carlo, Héctor Cúper and Andrea Manzo – took charge that season as Parma failed to preserve their Serie A status after eighteen years in the top flight.[31] Life in Serie B started badly under Luigi Cagni and he was replaced by Francesco Guidolin, who won promotion back to Serie A with a second-place finish. Parma managed to finish eighth on their return to Serie A in 2009–10, narrowly missing out on qualification for the Europa League. In the summer of 2010, head coach Guidolin left the club for Udinese, swapping jobs with Pasquale Marino.[32][33] Marino lasted until 3 April 2011, sacked with seven games to go and with Parma two points above the relegation zone with seven matches remaining, after ten months at the club.[34] Franco Colomba was named as his replacement two days later. Led by Colomba, Parma won fourteen of the twenty-one points available and celebrated avoiding relegation with two games to spare.[35] On 9 January 2012, Colomba was fired and replaced by Roberto Donadoni following a winless run of six matches that culminated in a 5-0 loss to Inter.[36]

[edit] Colours and badge

Main article: Parma F.C. strip

Parma is characterised by having used two different colour schemes in recent memory and at its inception. Originally, the club wore yellow and blue chequered shirts in honour of the city's traditional colours, which date back to 1545 when the Duchy of Parma was established,[37] but white shirts with a black cross on the chest were introduced after the First World War, drawing inspiration from Juventus' colours, following a name change.[14] White continued to be worn as the main colour of the home kits for much of the remainder of the century, although often complemented with yellow, blue or both, rather than black. The club did, however, experiment in the 1950s with blue shirts and blue and yellow striped shirts. The cross shirts were restored and worn until bankruptcy in 1968, when white shirts with off-centre blue and yellow vertical bands were worn, but the cross returned from 1970 until 1983 when a blue-sleeved white shirts was introduced and used for 8 years.

After decades in the lower divisions, Parma were promoted to Serie A in 1990, where they immediately became a major force in the battle for major trophies, on many notable occasions in direct opposition to Juventus, who would become fierce rivals of Parma's. This rivalry rapidly led to the demotion of the white and black shirts to the away kit, so the side wore yellow and blue hooped shirts at home for six seasons between 1998 and 2004, and navy blue shirts often worn as third choice in this period. This was a time of great success for the club, thus the shirts have become synonymous with Parma, often still called the Gialloblu (Yellow and Blues) today, despite a recent reversion to the traditional white shirts emblazoned with a cross caused by parent company Parmalat's collapse and the clubs subsequent re-foundation as Parma Football Club. Yellow and blue are normally Parma's away kit colours, used in various combinations since 2004, such as vertical stripes, hoops, crosses or as solid colour designs.[38]

The old Parma A.C. logo, used until the name change to Parma F.C. in 2004

Parma's logo changed in 2005 to reflect the name change from Parma A.C. to Parma F.C., but the logo otherwise remains the same, encompassing the city colours of yellow and blue and the club's traditional black cross set on a white background, and has not changed much in years, although it was dramatically overhauled to feature a prancing bull for one season in 2000–01 before it was criticised and discontinued in favour of the old badge.

[edit] Grounds

Main articles: Stadio Ennio Tardini and Centro Sportivo di Collecchio
Stadio Ennio Tardini, Parma's home stadium

Parma initially had no permanent home, initially using the Piazza d'Armi, where two wooden posts constituted the frame of the goal. In December 1914, the club began to use land between the Via Emilia, the Eridania refinery and the Ferraguti factory, but it was sold, so the club returned to the Piazza d'Armi before transferring to the Tre Pioppi, the first fenced-off pitch in the city.[39] Parma moved into their current stadium, the Stadio Ennio Tardini, in 1923 and have called it home ever since, although the stadium has since been overhauled and altered drastically from the vision of Ennio Tardini, under whose auspices the stadium was to be built, but who died before completion of the venue.[40] Much of the renovation took place after the club's first promotion to Serie A at the start of the 1990s. The stadium's usable capacity stands at 27,906, but only 22,885 are authorised to enter at once following the 2009 death of Vicenza fan Eugene Bortolon in the Curva Sud.

Expansion or renovation plans are often discussed at the highest level of the club's hierarchy and the Comune di Parma, but no project has received unanimous support. This is partly because the football club rent the stadium and often have interests which conflict with those of the municipal authority. The tenancy expires in 2031. One project which both club and council had agreed on was the potential redevelopment for Italy's potential hosting of Euro 2016. The bid was eventually unsuccessfully, but included plans for an improved 31,397 all-seater stadium.[41] An alternative to the development of the Tardini is the construction of a new stadium. Recent reports suggest that the stadium is unfit for use in UEFA competitions due to the inadequacy of its seating.[42] Either way, the state of stadium ownership in Italy, where only Juventus own their stadium, is widely viewed as unsatisfactory.[43][44][45]

The first team train and play most of their home friendly matches at the Centro Sportivo di Collecchio in Collecchio, which is located 15.4 kilometres to the south-west of the stadium. Three of Parma's youth teams – the under-20s, the under-17s and the under-16s – play their home matches in the same complex.[46] The under-15s and below train at Campi Stuard.[47]

[edit] Support

The supporters of Parma are seen as placid fans, something for which they are derided.[48] Traditionally, they have been seen as fans who enjoy the spectacle of football and are less partisan, although they have been more characterised by impatience of late.[15] In Northeast Italy, the club is the fifth best supported, behind Internazionale, Juventus, A.C. Milan and Bologna, the first three of which are not based in that region.[49] They are represented by three main groups: il Centro di Coordinamento dei Parma Club (which represents most of the fanbase), l'Associazione Petitot and the club's ultras, Boys Parma, which was established on 3 August 1977 by young fans wanting to split from the Centro di Coordinamento and to encourage meetings with opposition fans.[50] The Boys Parma occupy the northern end of the home stadium, La Curva Nord, directly opposite to where the away fans sit in the south stand.[40] In 2008, the Curva Nord was re-named in honour of Boys Parma 1977 member Matteo Bagnaresi, who died when he was run over on the way to the Tardini by a coach which was carrying the opposition Juventus fans.[51] In a not uncommon practice, the number 12 shirt has been reserved for the Parma fans, meaning that no player is registered to play with that number on his kit for the club. The implication is that the supporters, particularly those of the famous Curva Nord, are the twelfth man. The last player to be registered with the number was Gabriele Giroli for the 2002–03 season. Parma's club anthem is Il grido di battaglia, which means The Battle Cry.[52] For 2011–12, Parma had 7,559 season ticket holders.[53]

[edit] Rivalries

Main articles: Derby del Grana and Derby d'Emilia

Parma maintain rivalries with regional and national clubs; some of these are keenly fought local derbies. Historically, Derby del Grana (or, less commonly, Derby dell'Enza)[nb 1] opponents Reggiana and Derby d'Emilia[nb 2] opponents Bologna have been the club's bitterest rivals.[54][55] The ill-feeling with Reggiana comes from a traditional city rivalry between Parma and Reggio Emilia; Bologna and Parma are Emilia-Romagna's two most decorated clubs, winning the region's only domestic titles: 7 Serie A titles and 5 Coppe Italia. Two other local derbies are the Derby dei Ducati,[nb 3] which is contested with neighbours Modena, and the Derby del Ducato,[nb 4] which is played against Piacenza.[55] Despite their relative obscurity, Lombardian side Cremonese and Tuscan outfit Carrarese, to Parma's north and south, respectively, are both seen as rivals too. Of these local derbies, only the Derby d'Emilia is played regularly because only Bologna play in Serie A alongside Parma.

Juventus are considered great rivals of Parma largely due to their recent duels, which include Parma's 1995 UEFA Cup victory, their first and third Coppa Italia triumphs, Supercoppa Italiana defeats in 1995 and 2002, and their 1995 domestic cup final defeat to The Old Lady.[56][57][58] These six matches comprise nearly half of the fourteen major finals that Parma have participated in. Ironically, Parma's colours have their origins in those that Juventus wear, and the switch from white and black to a yellow and blue home kit in the late 1990s was initiated in order to distance and distinguish Parma from Juventus. Parma maintain keenly fought rivalries with Vicenza and Genoa.

In Italy, it is common for clubs to be twinned in an arrangement called gemellaggi. This is a practice uncommon elsewhere.[59] Parma enjoy amicable relations with Empoli in an arrangement that dates back to a game played in foggy conditions in 1984 that ended in the Parma fans congratulating those of Empoli on their win when the full-time whistle was blown without the Azzurri fans' knowledge.[60][61] Perhaps a more current bond is felt towards the fans of Sampdoria.[62]

[edit] Parma Football Club as a company

Parma F.C. S.p.A.
Revenue increase €83.109 million (2010–11)[63]
Operating income decrease (€1.273 million) (2010–11)[63]
Net income increase €0.658 million (2010–11)[63]
Total assets increase €141.994 million (2010–11)[63]
Total equity €20,000,000[63]
Parent Eventi Sportivi S.p.A.[64]

Since January 2007, the club has been majority-owned Tommaso Ghirardi, owner of mechanics firm La Leonessa S.p.A.. Enrico Bondi had previously been put in charge of selling the club after parent company Parmalat's financial crisis and sold it to Ghirardi for less than €3m. The club is a limited liability company that is wholly owned by parent company Eventi Sportivi S.p.A.. Ghirardi owns roughly 70% of Eventi Sportivi; Alberto Rossi and Alberto Volpi each bought 5% of Eventi Sportivi on 21 July 2011 for a combined €7.5m to reduce Ghirardi's ownership to that approximate figure.[65] Other shareholders are Vice-President Diego Penocchio (who has a 5% personal shareholding and 5% through Ormis S.p.A., another mechanics company), Banca Monte Parma (less than 5%) and Marco Ferrari (5%). Ghirardi appoints five further directors, including Pietro Leonardi, to attain boardroom majority (six to five).[66] In the first five years of Ghirardi's presidency (from January 2007 to January 2012), it was estimated that his investment had reached €30m, alongside a further €13m in the club's parent company.[67] The club is one of the members of the European Club Association, which was formed after the dissolution of the G-14, a smaller international group of Europe's most elite clubs of which Parma were not a part.[12][13]

On 27 February 2012, the club published its financial statement for 2010–11, the year ending 30 June 2011. It reported an improvement in gross revenue to €83.1m (from €78.4m in 2009–10), of which player sales amounted to €37.2m (€34.7m in 2009–10). Costs stood at €84.4m, up from €72.6m. Post-tax profits rose to €0.7m from losses of €2.4m. The losses in 2008–09, the season spent in Serie B, were €9.9m and profits of €3m were recorded in 2005–06.[68] Liabilities grew from €108.7m to €110.3m, although bank debts decreased from €12.5m to €8.3m, and net assets had grown from €12.8m to €28.9m.[63] In 2009–10 non-transfer revenue was around €37m, figures that were largely unexceptional and give the club the 14th highest revenue in Serie A.[69][70] This revenue (€43m in 2010–11), which also excludes gate receipts and television income given to visiting clubs and revenue from player loans, will ideally be evenly divided between commercial, broadcasting and matchday activity. At Parma, this is not the case, where the sectors make up 23%, 68% and 9%, respectively. Director Pietro Leonardi noted that the profit made in January 2011 on player sales was enough to finally undo the economic damage that the 2008 relegation to Serie B caused.[71]

To improve the financial standing of the club, there are hopes to eventually buy the Stadio Ennio Tardini from the relevant municipal authority.[72] In September 2011, the Gazzetta dello Sport reported that the club had the eleventh highest annual salary bill in Italian football, paying €23m to 27 players at an average of just over €16,000 per player per week,[73][74] although these reported figures are generally underestimates, as they are post-tax figures that only include basic salaries of the first-team squad; the club reported the figure to be €38.1m (89% of non-transfer revenue; UEFA recommends this to be below 70%).[75] From the 2010–11 season, Serie A clubs have collective television rights rather than individually negotiated rights for the first time since 1998–99, mimicking the world's most commercially successful league: the Premier League. The domestic rights to broadcast live matches for 2011–13 were sold for €1.748bn to Sky Italia and RAI, among others, and MP & Silva bought the worldwide rights for €181.5m for 2010–12.[76][77] These figures resulted in higher broadcasting revenues for Parma, with larger clubs suffering from the centralisation of the selling of rights, although clubs do not receive an equal share and Parma's support, recent and historical results, and the city's size, count against them in the assessment of exact shares.

[edit] Sponsorship

The coat of arms of the House of Farnese – creators of the Duchy of Parma – whose colours are the inspiration for many of the club's kits

Parma have had their kits manufactured and been sponsored by a variety of companies since 1981, including parent company Parmalat for a period of eight years.[37] Their kits are presently manufactured by the global Erreà sportswear brand, which pays the club €757,000 and whose origins are in Torrile, approximately 13 kilometres north of Parma. The club's principal sponsor is clothing retailer Navigare, whose logo appears on the front of all Parma match shirts in a €1.7m per annum deal.[63] Local bank Banca Monte Parma is the secondary kit sponsor, while telecommunications giant Telecom Italia Mobile, German household retail group Vorwerk and Japanese electronics company Kyocera also maintain relationships with the club. The club have a variety of other less prominent partnerships.[78]

Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
1981–87 Umbro Prosciutto Parma
1987–95 Parmalat
1995–98 Puma
1998–99 Lotto
1999–00 Champion
2000–01 Parmalat, Mr Day
2001–02 Joy, Parmalat, Santal
2002–03 Parmalat, Santal
2003–04 Parmalat, Santal, Cariparma
2004–05 Champion
2005–06 Champion, Erreà Fidenza Village, ABO Project, Tecnocasa, Silver Cross
2006–07 Erreà Gimoka, Play Radio
2007–08 Kome, Il Granchio, Gondolino, Coreggio
2008–09 Banca Monte Parma, Metella
2009–12 Navigare, Banca Monte Parma

[edit] Players

[edit] First-team squad

As of 1 February 2012[79][80]

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
1 Italy GK Nicola Pavarini
2 Brazil DF Jonathan (on loan from Internazionale)[81]
3 Venezuela DF Rolf Feltscher
4 Italy MF Stefano Morrone (captain)
5 Italy DF Cristian Zaccardo
6 Italy DF Alessandro Lucarelli
7 France FW Jonathan Biabiany (on loan from Sampdoria)[82]
8 Italy MF Daniele Galloppa
10 Italy FW Thomas Gkikas
11 Italy FW Sergio Floccari (on loan from Lazio)[83]
13 Portugal DF Gonçalo Brandão (on loan from Siena)[84]
14 Portugal MF Danilo Pereira
15 Kenya MF McDonald Mariga (on loan from Internazionale)[85]
No. Position Player
17 Chile MF Jaime Valdés (on loan from Sporting)[86]
18 Italy DF Massimo Gobbi
19 Italy DF Stefano Ferrario (on loan from Lecce)[87]
21 Italy FW Stefano Okaka (on loan from Roma)[88]
22 Italy FW Raffaele Palladino
23 Italy MF Francesco Modesto
24 Italy MF Gianluca Musacci (on loan from Empoli)[89]
29 Argentina DF Gabriel Paletta
32 Spain MF Fernando Marqués
33 Italy DF Fabiano Santacroce (on loan from Napoli)[90]
80 Italy MF Francesco Valiani
83 Italy GK Antonio Mirante
92 Italy GK Alberto Gallinetta

[edit] On loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
— Italy GK Ivan Cacchioli (at Pavia)[91]
— Italy GK Stefano Russo (at Nocerina)[92]
— Italy DF Angelo Bencivenga (at Pro Vercelli)[93]
— Italy DF Alessandro Berselli (at Valenzana)[94]
— Italy DF Paolo Castellini (at Sampdoria)[82]
— France DF Abdou Doumbia (at Como)[95]
— Argentina DF Pablo Fontanello (at Chornomorets)[96]
— Italy DF Alberto Galuppo (at Foligno)[97]
— Italy DF Andrea Rispoli (at Sampdoria)[90]
— Portugal DF Mário Rui (at Gubbio)[98]
— Portugal DF Filipe Oliveira (at Videoton)[99]
— Italy DF Raffaele Schiavi (at Padova)[100]
— Italy MF Pietro Baccolo (at Frosinone)[101]
— Italy MF Giacomo Chiazzolino (at Valenzana)[102]
— Italy MF Davide Colomba (at Crotone)[92]
— Italy MF Manuel Coppola (at Empoli)[89]
— Italy MF Niccolò Galli (at Verona)[103]
— Sweden MF David Löfquist (at Gubbio)[104]
No. Position Player
— Italy MF Francesco Lunardini (at Gubbio)[105]
— Morocco MF Abderrazzak Jadid (at Grosseto)[106]
— Italy MF Alessio Manzoni (at Frosinone)[101]
— Nigeria MF Nwankwo Obiora (on loan to Gubbio)[107]
— Italy MF Alessandro Visone (at Vigor Lamezia)[108]
— Brazil MF Zé Eduardo (on loan to Empoli)[109]
— Italy FW Gabriele Paonessa (at Como)[110]
— Italy FW Nicola Sansone (at Crotone)[111]
— Italy FW Daniel Ciofani (at Gubbio)[112]
— France FW Grégoire Defrel (at Foggia)[113]
— Bosnia and Herzegovina FW Milan Đurić (at Crotone)[114]
— Italy FW Alessandro Elia (at Arzanese)[115]
— Côte d'Ivoire FW Amara Konaté (at Fondi)
— Italy FW Gianluca Lapadula (at San Marino)[116]
— Italy FW Cristiano Lucarelli (at Napoli)[117]
— Italy FW Simone Malatesta (at Pro Vercelli)[118]
— Italy FW Graziano Pellè (at Sampdoria)[106]

[edit] Retired numbers

Main article: Retired numbers in football

12 – Since the 2002–03 season, Curva Nord of the Stadio Ennio Tardini, as a sign of recognition towards the fans who sit in the Curva Nord, considered the 12th man in the pitch.

[edit] Youth team

For information on Parma's youth teams, see Parma F.C. Academy.

[edit] Former players

For details of former players, see List of Parma F.C. players and Category:Parma F.C. players.

[edit] Club captains

For a list of club captains, see List of Parma F.C. players#Club captains.

[edit] Player records

For player records, including player awards, see Parma F.C. statistics and records.

[edit] Club officials

Board room[119]
Coaching staff

[edit] Presidential history

Parma have had numerous presidents over the course of their history; here is a complete list of them:[121]

 
Name Years
Violi, Porcelli and Spaggiari 1913–14
Carlo Melli and Alberto Poletti 1914–15
Ing. Tedeschi 1919–20
Conte L. Lusignani 1920–21
Ennio Tardini 1921–23
Gabbi 1923–24
Giuseppe Muggia and Amoretti 1924–25
Aldo Ortali 1925–26
Giovanni Canali 1926–28
Emilio Grossi 1928–29, 1935–36
Giuseppe Amoretti 1929–30
Cesare Minelli 1930–35
Filippo Bonati 1936–37
Nino Medioli 1937–38
Medardo Ghini 1938–40
Giuseppe Scotti 1940–43
Giorgio Zanichelli 1945–46
Raimondo Bortesi 1946–47
Amerigo Ghirardi 1947–48
 
Name Years
Bruno Avanzini 1948–51
Bonifazio Lupi di Soragna 1951–53
Umberto Agnetti, Del Frate, Campanini and Viani 1953–54
Fabrizio Cartolari 1954–58
Giuseppe Agnetti 1958–65
Walter Molinari 1965–66
Gino Camorali 1966–67
Vittorio Blarzino 1967–68
Zanichelli and Pizzighoni 1968–69
Ermes Foglia 1969–73
Arnaldo Musini 1973–76
Ernesto Ceresini 1976–90
Fulvio Ceresini 1990
Giorgio Pedraneschi 1990–96
Stefano Tanzi 1996–04
Enrico Bondi 2004, 2006–07
Guido Angiolini 2004–06
Tommaso Ghirardi 2007–

[edit] Managerial history

Main article: List of Parma F.C. managers

Below is a list of Parma managers since the end of the First World War until the present day.[121]

 
Name Nationality Years
Violi, Porcelli and Spaggiari Italy 1919–20
Percy Humphrey England 1920–21
Riebe Austria 1921–23
Guido Ara Italy 1923–24
Gabbi and Forlivesi Italy 1924–25
Carlo Achatzi Italy 1925–26
Ghini and Stuardt Italy Austria 1926–27
Emili Grossi Italy 1927–28,
1929–30,
1931–32
Raoul Violi Italy 1928–29
Armand Halmos Hungary 1930–31
Crotti Italy 1932–33
Tito Mistrali Italy 1933–36
Alfredo Mattioli Italy 1936–37,
1940–42
Elvio Banchero Italy 1937–38
Pál Szalaj Hungary 1938–39
József Wereb Hungary 1939–40
Italo Defendi Italy 1942–43
Giuseppe Ferrari Italy 1945–46
Renato Cattaneo, Lombatti,
Frione and Mistrali		 Italy 1946–47
Dentelli, Giovanni Mazzoni,
Dietrich and Tagliani		 Italy 1947–48
Renato Cattaneo, Giuberti,
Mistrali, Giuseppe Ferrari,
Lombatti and Carlo Rigotti		 Italy 1948–49
Carlo Rigotti Italy 1949–50
 
Name Nationality Years
Giovanni Mazzoni, Boni
and Mattioli		 Italy 1950–51
Paolo Tabanelli Italy 1951–53
Carlos Alberto Quario Italy 1953–54
Ivo Fiorentini Italy 1954–56
Oliveri and Giuberti Italy 1956–57
Čestmír Vycpálek Czech Republic 1956–58
Guido Mazetti Italy 1958–60
Mario Genta Italy 1960–62
Canforini Italy 1962–63
Diotallevi and Arnaldo Sentimenti Italy 1963–64
Oliveri and Giuberti Italy 1956–57
Bruno Arcari Italy 1964–65
Ivan Corghi Italy 1965–66
Dante Boni Italy 1965–67,
1968–69
Giancarlo Vitali Italy 1967–68,
1969–70
Stefano Angeleri Italy 1970–72
Antonio Soncini Italy 1972
Giorgio Sereni Italy 1973–74,
1981
Renato Gei Italy 1974–75
Giovanni Meregalli Italy 1975–76
Tito Corsi Italy 1976–77
Bruno Mora Italy 1977,
1983
Gianni Corelli and Visconti Italy 1977–78
Graziano Landoni Italy 1978
Cesare Maldini Italy 1978–80
Domenico Rosati Italy 1980–81
 
Name Nationality Years
Giancarlo Danova Italy 1981–83
Marino Perani Italy 1983–85
Flaborea Italy 1985
Pietro Carmignani Italy 1985,
2001–02,
2005
Arrigo Sacchi Italy 1985–87,
2001
Zdeněk Zeman Czech Republic 1987
Giampieri Vitali Italy 1987–89
Nevio Scala Italy 1989–96
Carlo Ancelotti Italy 1996–98
Alberto Malesani Italy 1998–01
Renzo Ulivieri Italy 2001
Daniel Passarella Argentina 2001
Cesare Prandelli Italy 2002–04
Silvio Baldini Italy 2004–05
Mario Beretta Italy 2005–06
Stefano Pioli Italy 2006–07
Claudio Ranieri Italy 2007
Domenico Di Carlo Italy 2007–08
Héctor Cúper Argentina 2008
Andrea Manzo Italy 2008
Luigi Cagni Italy 2008
Francesco Guidolin Italy 2008–10
Pasquale Marino Italy 2010–11
Franco Colomba Italy 2011–12
Roberto Donadoni Italy 2012-

[edit] Honours

Parma have won eight major titles in their history, all coming in a period of ten years between 1992 and 2002.[5] These honours make them the tenth most successful team in Italian football history in terms of the number of major trophies won, the fourth most successful team on the European stage, after Milan, Juventus and Inter, and, along with Milan, the only club in Italy to have won more international than domestic honours.

[edit] National

Hernán Crespo represented the club in two spells, winning three trophies and becoming the club's all-time record goalscorer.

[edit] European

[edit] Minor

  • Seconda Divisione:
    • Winners (1): 1924–25[nb 6]

[edit] Notes

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ Derby del Grana translates to Grana Derby. Grana is a type of hard, mature cheese, of which Parmigiano-Reggiano, or Parmesan cheese, is an example. The cheese is named after the producing areas near Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena and Bologna, all in Emilia-Romagna), and Mantova (in Lombardia), Italy. Under Italian law, only cheese produced in these provinces may be labelled "Parmigiano-Reggiano" and European law classifies the name as a protected designation of origin. Parmigiano is the Italian adjective for Parma. Reggiano is the Italian adjective for Reggio Emilia, Reggiana's home city. Derby dell'Enza translates to Enza Derby. The River Enza is an affluence of Italy's longest river, the Po, and forms the boundary of the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia.
  2. ^ Derby d'Emilia would be translated to Emilia Derby. Emilia is a region that approximately corresponds to the western and north-eastern portions of today’s Emilia-Romagna. The region takes its name from the Via Aemilia, a Roman road in 187 BCE.
  3. ^ Derby dei Ducati means Derby of the Duchies, the duchies in question being those of Modena and Reggio and Parma. These territories were competing and neighbouring duchies during the Renaissance.
  4. ^ Derby del Ducato is the Italian equivalent of Derby of the Duchy. The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 and became the unified Duchies of Parma and Piacenza in 1556.
  5. ^ At the time, this was one of 3 parallel regional second tier divisions.
  6. ^ At the time, this was one of 2 parallel regional second tier divisions.
  7. ^ At the time, this was one of 13 parallel regional second tier divisions.
  8. ^ At the time, this was one of 3 parallel regional third tier divisions.
  9. ^ a b c At the time, this was one of 2 parallel regional third tier divisions.
  10. ^ At the time, this was one of 12 parallel regional third tier divisions.
  11. ^ At the time, this was one of 9 parallel regional fourth tier divisions.
  12. ^ Parma competed as a representative of Italy.

[edit] Citation

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  88. ^ "Parma: preso Okaka dalla Roma [Parma: Okaka loaned from Roma]". Parma F.C. (fcparma.com). 22 January 2012. http://fcparma.com/index.php/parma-preso-okaka-dalla-roma/. Retrieved 1 February 2012. 
  89. ^ a b "Calciomercato: Musacci a Parma, Coppola all'Empoli". Blitzquotidiano.it (news.blitzquotidiano.it). 30 August 2011. http://news.blitzquotidiano.it/calciomercato-musacci-parma-coppola-2939125. Retrieved 30 August 2011. 
  90. ^ a b "Mercato: al Parma Blasi, Santacroce e Biabiany [Transfers: Blasi, Santacroce and Biabiany to Parma]". fcparma.com. 1 July 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/mercato-al-parma-blasi-santacroce-e-biabiany/?lang=en. 
  91. ^ Mazzone, Andrea (15 July 2011). "UFFICIALE: parte anche Cacchioli [OFFICIAL: Cacchioli leaves too]". Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30485. Retrieved 16 July 2011. 
  92. ^ a b "Parma: ultime operazioni di mercato [Parma: latest transfer developments]" (in Italian). Parma F.C. (fcparma.com). 14 July 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/parma-ultime-operazioni-di-mercato/. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 
  93. ^ "UFFICIALE: arrivano anche i giovani Bencivenga e Mendy [OFFICIAL: Youngsters Bencivenga and Mendy arrive]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). 5 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=31706. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  94. ^ Mazzone, Andrea (7 July 2011). "Parma, partono in 5 [Parma, part with 5]". Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=29979. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  95. ^ "Parma, Doumbia verso il Como [Doumbia to Como]". Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). 10 July 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30174. Retrieved 25 August 2011. 
  96. ^ "UFFICIALE: Fontanello al Chernomoretz [OFFICIAL: Fontanello to Chornomorets]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). 29 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=33006. Retrieved 29 August 2011. 
  97. ^ "Ceduta la metà di Galuppo al Parma [Half of Galuppo ceded to Parma]". tuttomercatoweb.com. 6 July 2011. http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/cesena/?action=read&idnet=dHV0dG9jZXNlbmEuaXQtNDE1Mg. 
  98. ^ "Parma, preso Mario Rui, che rimane però al Gubbio [Parma, take Mario Rui, who remains at Gubbio]". tuttomercatoweb.com. 28 January 2012. http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/parma/?action=read&idnet=c3BvcnRzYm9vazI0Lm5ldC00MDk3OQ. 
  99. ^ "Filipe Oliveira al Videoton FC [Filipe Oliveira to Videoton FC]". Parma F.C. (fcparma.com). 4 August 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/filipe-oliveira-al-videoton-fc/. Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  100. ^ "UFFICIALE: Schiavi al Padova [OFFICIAL: Schiavi to Padova publisher=sportsbook24.net]". Sportsbook24. 16 July 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30533. Retrieved 16 July 2011. 
  101. ^ a b Costa, Marco (12 July 2011). "UFFICIALE: Baccolo e Manzoni al Frosinone [OFFICIAL: Baccolo and Manzoni to Frosinone]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30459. 
  102. ^ "Chiazzolino in prestito al Valenzana [Chiazzolino on loan to Valenzana]". Parma F.C. (fcparma.com). 6 August 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/chiazzolino-in-prestito-alla-valenzana/. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  103. ^ Mazzone, Andrea (12 July 2011). "UFFICIALE: Parma, ceduto Galli all'Hellas Verona [OFFICIAL: Parma, Galli off to Hellas Verona]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30272. 
  104. ^ "UFFICIALE: Lofquist al Gubbio [OFFICIAL: Lofquist to Gubbio]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). 31 January 2012. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=41212. Retrieved 1 February 2012. 
  105. ^ "UFFICIALE: Lunardini al Gubbio [OFFICIAL: Lunardini to Gubbio]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). 31 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=33133. Retrieved 31 August 2011. 
  106. ^ a b "Pellè alla Sampdoria e Jadid al Grosseto [Pellè to Sampdoria and Jadid to Grosseto]". Parma F.C. (fcparma.com). 1 February 2012. http://fcparma.com/index.php/pelle-alla-sampdoria-e-jadid-al-grosseto/. Retrieved 31 January 2012. 
  107. ^ "UFFICIALE: Parma, Nwanwko in prestito al Gubbio [OFFICIAL: Parma, Nwankwo on loan to Gubbio]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). 4 January 2012. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=39515. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  108. ^ Gallaro, Claudio (24 July 2011). "UFFICIALE: doppio colpo della Vigor Lamezia [OFFICIAL: Two Signings for Vigor Lamezia]" (in Italian). TuttoMercatoWeb (TuttoMercatoWeb). http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/legapro/?action=read&idnet=dHV0dG9sZWdhcHJvLmNvbS0zMjM5Nw. Retrieved 31 July 2011. 
  109. ^ "Ze Eduardo in prestito all’Empoli [Ze Eduardo on loan to Empoli]". Parma F.C. (fcparma.com). 18 January 2012. http://fcparma.com/index.php/ze-eduardo-in-prestito-allempoli/. Retrieved 19 January 2012. 
  110. ^ "UFFICIALE: Paonessa al Gubbio [OFFICIAL: Paonessa to Gubbio]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). 31 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=33125. Retrieved 31 August 2011. 
  111. ^ "UFFICIALE: Sansone al Crotone [OFFICIAL: Sansone to Crotone]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). 31 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=33136. Retrieved 31 August 2011. 
  112. ^ "UFFICIALE: Ciofani va al Gubbio [OFFICIAL: Ciofani goes to Gubbio]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). 22 July 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30919. Retrieved 23 July 2011. 
  113. ^ "De Vitis al Modena, Defrel e Traorè al Foggia, Tombesi al Ravenna [De Vitis to Modena, Defrel e Traorè to Foggia, Tombesi to Ravenna]". Parma F.C. (fcparma.com). 8 July 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/de-vitis-al-modena-defrel-e-traore-al-foggia-tombesi-al-ravenna/. Retrieved 9 July 2011. 
  114. ^ "Djuric resta al Crotone [Djuric stays at Crotone]". F.C. Crotone (fccrotone.it). 15 June 2011. http://www.fccrotone.it/fcnews.asp?invia=dettaglio&id=453. Retrieved 23 June 2011. 
  115. ^ "Elia, UFFICIALE: Ceduto all'Arzanese [Elia, OFFICIAL: moved to Arzanese]" (in Italian). calciomercato.com. 1 February 2012. http://www.calciomercato.com/mercato/elia-ufficiale-ceduto-all-arzanese-856920. Retrieved 2 February 2012. 
  116. ^ Gori, Marco (20 July 2011). "ITALY/ OFFICIAL, Parma loan out Lapadula". footballpress.net. http://www.footballpress.net/index.php?action=read&idsel=89464. Retrieved 21 July 2011. 
  117. ^ "UFFICIALE: C.Lucarelli torna al Napoli [OFFICIAL:C. Lucarelli off to Napoli]". Sportsbook24 (sportsbook24.net). 20 July 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30739. Retrieved 20 July 2011. 
  118. ^ "Mercato: rinnovato il prestito di Malatesta alla Pro Vercelli [Transfers: loan renewal for Malatesta at Pro Vercelli]". Parma F.C. (fcparma.com). 15 July 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/mercato-rinnovato-il-prestito-di-malatesta-alla-pro-vercelli/. Retrieved 16 July 2011. 
  119. ^ "Organigramma Parma [Organisation Parma]" (in Italian). Official Serie A website. http://www.legaseriea.it/it/serie-a-tim/squadre/organigramma/-/squadre/Parma/organigramma/1722. Retrieved 29 July 2010. 
  120. ^ "Organigramma [Organisation Chart]". Parma F.C.. fcparma.com. http://fcparma.com/index.php/giovanili/organigramma/. Retrieved 26 December 2010. 
  121. ^ a b "I presidenti e gli allenatori del Parma Football Club [The presidents and coaches of Parma Football Club]" (in Italian). http://www.storiadelparmacalcio.com/storia-parma-calcio/i-presidenti-e-gli-allenatori-del-parma.htm. Retrieved 30 July 2010. 

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