Parrotlet

Parrotlet
A pet male Pacific Parrotlet (Forpus coelestis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittacidae
Tribe:	Arini
Genera
Forpus Touit Nannopsittaca

Parrotlets are a group of the smallest New World parrot species, comprising several genera, namely Forpus, Nannopsittaca, and Touit. They have a stocky build and a broad tail, much like the lovebirds of East Africa and fig parrots and pygmy parrots of Australasia. They are endemic to Middle and South America.

These miniature parrots in the wild travel in flocks which, depending on the species, can range from as low as four to over 100 birds. Most species travel in flocks of about 5–40. They form life-long and tight pair bonds with their chosen mates.^{[citation needed]}

Parrotlets are the smallest commonly bred Parrot species in captivity. The genus Forpus, particularly the Celestial or Pacific Parrotlet, is growing in availability and popularity in aviculture.^{[citation needed]}

Parrotlet species

The following species within three genera are considered to be parrotlets:

Forpus

The genus Forpus includes all the species of parrotlet commonly kept as pets.

• Mexican Parrotlet (Forpus cyanopygius)
• Green-rumped Parrotlet (Forpus passerinus)
• Blue-winged Parrotlet (Forpus xanthopterygius)
  • Turquoise-rumped Parrotlet (Forpus xanthopterygius spengeli)
• Spectacled Parrotlet (Forpus conspicillatus)
• Dusky-billed Parrotlet (Forpus modestus) – or Sclater's Parrotlet
• Pacific Parrotlet (Forpus coelestis) – or Celestial Parrotlet
• Yellow-faced Parrotlet (Forpus xanthops)

Touit

The Touit parrotlets are a genus of parrotlets found in the Venezuela-Guyana area, the northern Andes, and Bahia. Only three of the seven species have ever been brought into aviculture, none successfully.^{[citation needed]}

• Lilac-tailed Parrotlet, Touit batavicus
• Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet, Touit huetii
• Red-fronted Parrotlet, Touit costaricensis - sometimes included in T. dilectissimus
• Blue-fronted Parrotlet, Touit dilectissimus – or Red-winged Parrotlet
• Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet, Touit purpuratus
• Brown-backed Parrotlet, Touit melanonota
• Golden-tailed Parrotlet, Touit surdus
• Spot-winged Parrotlet, Touit stictopterus

Nannopsittaca

There are only two species in the genus Nannopsittaca, of which only one — the Tepui Parrotlet, has been successfully kept in captivity.^{[citation needed]}

• Tepui Parrotlet (Nannopsittaca panychlora)
• Manu Parrotlet (Nannopsittaca dachilleae) – or Amazonian Parrotlet

Life expectancy

With a healthy diet and environment and much exercise, a parrotlet has a life expectancy of 20 to 40 years.^{[citation needed]}

Aviculture

The most commonly kept parrotlet in aviculture is by far the Celestial or Pacific Parrotlet. The Mexican Parrotlet, Spectacled Parrotlet, and Yellow-faced Parrotlet are also fairly common pets. Their popularity as pets has grown due to their small size and large personalities. Parrotlets are commonly known as playful birds that enjoy chewing as much as their larger Amazon counterparts. Being highly intelligent and active parrots, parrotlets must have ample opportunities to play and exercise. Environmental enrichment must be made a part of their lives as to prevent boredom. Parrotlets keep themselves more than occupied when left alone for several hours, so long as they are provided with an array of chewable and destructible toys to play with. However, when their keepers get home, they often greet them with lovely chirps and whistles to let them know they want attention. They can mimic speech with a somewhat impressive vocabulary though their voice is very small. Males mimic better than females do.^{[citation needed]} They can be very territorial inside their cages and may try to bite if a human reaches in, even to feed them. They consider the cage to be their sole territory. But the same bird, when outside his cage, can be very affectionate—flying over to land on your shoulder, eating out of your mouth, and cuddling. They do not seem to know how tiny they are, and may not be afraid of cats or dogs. Their personalities are the same as much larger parrots, so like small dogs they may try to attack other pets. On the other hand, if properly introduced they may befriend them.

Diet

• Whole cereals and whole grains: spray millet, amaranth, barley, couscous, flax, whole-grain pastas, oat, quinoa (truly a fruit but used as a cereal), whole-wheat, wild rice, whole rices.

• Edible flowers: carnations, chamomille, chives, dandelion, daylily, eucalyptus, fruit tree blossoms, herb blossoms, hibiscus, honeysuckle, impatiens, lilac, nasturtiums, pansies, passion flower (Passiflora), roses, sunflowers, tulips, violets. Note that the leaves of some of these plants are poisonous to parrots.

• Greens and/or weeds:
  • mainly ; bok-choi, broccoli and/or cauliflower leaves, cabbage leaves, collard greens, dandelion leaves, kelp, mustard leaves, seaweeds, spirulina, water cress.
  • occasionally amaranth leaves, beet leaves, carambola (starfruit), chard, parsley, spinach & turnip leaves. All of these feature high oxalic acid contents that induces production of calcium oxalates (crystals/stones) by binding calcium and other trace minerals present in foods and goods with which they're ingested, possibly leading to calcium deficiencies and/or Hypocalcemia in minor cases, liver or other internal organ damage or failure in more severe cases.

• Fruit (except avocados which are toxic): all apple varieties, banana, all berry varieties, all citrus varieties, grapes, kiwi, mango, melons, nectarine, papaya, peach, all pear varieties, plum, star-fruit. Pits and seeds from every citrus and drupe species must always be discarded as they are intoxicating. However, achenes and tiny seeds from pseudo and true berries (bananas, blueberries, elderberries, eggplants, persimmons, pomegranates, raspberries, strawberries, tomatoes) are all acceptable.

• Legumes: almonds, beans, lentils, peas, nuts and tofu.

• Grain and/or Legume sprouts: adzuki beans, alfalfa beans, buckwheat, lentils, mung beans, pinto beans, red kidney beans, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds. Caution with only lima bean and navy bean sprouts which are toxic. Red kidney beans must be thoroughly cooked, as uncooked red kidney beans are toxic.

• Vegetables (except uncooked potatoes, uncooked onions and all mushrooms): beet, broccoli, cauliflower, carrots, cucumber, all cabbage varieties, fresh beans, fresh romane lettuce, fresh peas, parsnip, all pepper varieties, all squash varieties, sweet potatoes, tomato, turnip, yams, zucchini.

• Pellets specifically formulated for small tropical Parrot species.

• Other fat-free, healthy and nutritious human foods.

Adding these foods provides additional nutrients and can prevent obesity and lipomas, as can substituting millet, which is relatively low in fat, for higher-fat seed mixes. Adult parrotlets often do not always adapt readily to dietary additions, so care must be taken to introduce healthy diets as young as possible (ideally weaned onto fresh foods before introducing chicks onto seeds). Parrotlets like other Parrots learn mainly by mimicry and thus most adult parrotlets will be easily encouraged to try new foods by observing another bird eating the food, or by placing the new food on a mirror.

Parrot species (including parrotlets) are herbivores^{[citation needed]}. Consequently, they should be fed vegetarian diets that are ideally supplemented with vegetal proteins. Produced by the combination of any type of whole grain/cereal with any type of legume/pulse. Eggs (hard-boiled and/or scrambled) are the only appropriately healthy source of animal proteins^{[citation needed]}. Mostly for birds in either breeding, growing, moulting and/or recovering conditions. High levels of proteins (most particularly animal proteins) is unhealthy^{[citation needed]} for Parrotlets and any other Parrot species living under any alternate conditions (i.e. non-breeding, pets).

External links

• Parrotlet Resources Information including Healthcare, Diet, Housing, Grooming, Tips for Bringing Home Your Parrotlet, as well as Breeding Information.