Partizansk
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| Partizansk (English) Партизанск (Russian) |
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| - Town[citation needed] - | |
 Town center |
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 Partizansk
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| Coordinates: 43°08′N 133°08′E / 43.133°N 133.133°ECoordinates: 43°08′N 133°08′E / 43.133°N 133.133°E | |
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| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Primorsky Krai |
| Municipal status | |
| Urban okrug | Partizansky Urban Okrug[citation needed] |
| Mayor[citation needed] | Alexander Galushchenko[1] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 1,288.6 km2 (497.5 sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
38,648 inhabitants[2] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 43,670 inhabitants[3] |
| Density | 30 /km2 (78 /sq mi)[4] |
| Time zone | VLAT (UTC+11:00)[5] |
| Founded | 1896[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 423630[citation needed] |
| Official website | |
Partizansk (Russian: Партиза́нск) is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on a spur of the Sikhote-Alin mountains, about 170 kilometers (110 mi) east of Vladivostok. Population: 38,648 (2010 Census preliminary results);[2] 43,670 (2002 Census);[3] 49,546 (1989 Census).[6]
The town was formerly known as Suchan and Gamarnik.
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[edit] Geography
A number of creeks flow through the town into the nearby Partizanskaya River, previously known as the Suchan.
[edit] History
[edit] Medieval history
From the middle of the 9th century, the kingdom of Balhae occupied Primorsky Krai, consisting of the Nanai, the Udege, the Evenks, the Mohe and other descendants of the Tungus-speaking people. Prior to this occupation, Partizansk and its neighbourhood were settled by Yulou Mohe (虞婁靺鞨 Hangul : 우루말갈 pinyin : Yúlóu Mòhé) tribes who were incorporated to Balhae Kingdom under King Seon's reign (818-830). During the Balhae kingdom period, a town called Jeongju (定州, Hangul: 정주) was founded which was also the administrative centre of Jeongli Prefecture (定理府, Hangul : 정리부).
According to the Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689 the area was under control of China. It was transferred to Imperial Russia as the result of the Beijing Treaty of 1860.
[edit] Modern history
In the late 19th century, the Vladivostok-based Russian Pacific Fleet was in deep need of a source of coal. The Department of Mines sent a geological expedition to the area south of Ussuriysk, working there from 1888 to 1893. Coal was found, which could be mined and sent to Nakhodka for the needs of the Fleet.
In 1896, the Department of Mines made a large order for coal from the Suchan River area, and the town was founded as a settlement for miners. The settlement was originally named Suchansky Rudnik, meaning Mining Pit of Suchan.
Later in 1896, more detailed prospecting was organized in Suchan, and commercial operations started at around that time. Suchan miners were living in dug-outs, cabins, and tents, and living conditions were awful. Only in 1900, when 46 highly qualified miners from Gorlovka arrived, construction of the mine #1 and of ten houses started. Government-owned coal mines were also established at that time. The first migrants started to move to Suchan.
The government often neglected to maintain good living conditions for Suchan workers. For the period of 1896–1922, only one two-storey house was built. Suchan itself was just a group of several badly planned mine settlements. In 1905 and 1906 State schools were opened and a hospital for 50 people was built.
In the period of 1905–1914, several new mines were opened in Suchan. Wooden barracks and individual houses also appeared. Construction was carried out without proper planning, with each artel building a barrack for its workers. Some of those buildings remain intact to the present day. The founders of the Suchansky mine pit had not carried out much work up to 1914. After the beginning of World War I, development completely stopped. Many workers were called up for military service, extraction of coal reduced greatly, and construction works were cut down. Difficult years of need and hardship started.
In 1917 there were eleven mines which annually extracted up to 300,000 tons of coal. In 1918–1922, during the Russian Civil War, the supporters of the Bolsheviks conducted an active partisan struggle in the region. After the establishment of Soviet Authority in Primorye, coal remained the region's main production.
After 1922, restoration of old mines and building of new ones started. Spread settlements merged into one large locality. Construction of multi-storey buildings began.
At this time great attention was paid to cultural development of the town. In 1917 the People's House was built, which later transformed into a club of miners. It became a cultural center of the town. With the growth of mines and the population of the town necessity in new clubs arose. In 1926 a club for 350 people was built near mine #10. In 1932, a club for 200 people near mine #20 and for 250 people at timber plant were built. In 1933, the largest and the most beautiful Palace of Culture in Primorye with a hall for 1,200 people started functioning
Town status was granted in 1932, and the name shortened to Suchan. Soon after that Suchan was renamed Gamarnik (Гама́рник), after revolutionary commissar Yan Gamarnik; however, the name reverted to Suchan after Gamarnik's suicide (due to possible arrest during the Great Terror) in 1937.
The town was again renamed as Partizansk in 1972, when the cleansing of Chinese names in Primorsky Krai took place. The nearby Suchan River, from which the town had taken its name, was renamed the Partizanskaya.
[edit] Economy and infrastructure
The economy of the town and its surrounding area remains largely reliant on coal mining, however the industry is currently in decline, with the previous coal reserves largely exhausted. Previous machine-building, chemical and pharmaceutical works have also been closed.
Timber production has grown in importance in recent years.
Light industry also prospers, with garment factory, tannery, food-processing plant and brewery currently operating.
1970s witnessed some great effort in modernizing the town's industrial sector, crowned with building a power station which was later named after the town. 30 years later the Partizansk Power Station is being renovated and a new generator has recently been installed to boost the output. Despite being one of the less important stations in the energetic system of the region, especially with the reference to its minor share in the region's energy output, Partizansk Power Station has a vital role in supplying with electricity the town and the close vicinity.
The town lies on the branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway leading to Nakhodka, this section of the railroad was completed in 1935.
[edit] Historical and tourist attractions
A coal deposit in Oleny Klyuch (near mine #1) was for the first time mentioned by Vasily P. Margaritov, a member of the Geographic Society of Amur Krai. This place is now called "The First Coal" (as it was the first mine in the area). Today, the mine is no longer in operation, and is commemorated with a cast-iron sign placed there in 1932. The sign contains the following text: "In 1883 the first coal was found here. Here the mine begins."
The nearby area also includes a number of cliffs and waterfalls.
[edit] References
- ^ Решение об определении общих результатов выборов главы Партизанского городского округа, состоявшихся 1 марта 2009 года (in Russian)
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
[edit] External links
- (Russian) Official website of Partizansk
- (Russian) Unofficial website of Partizansk
- (Russian) Brief History of Partizansk
- (Korean) The formation of Balhae (발해의 선립과정)
- (Korean) The capitals and the prefectures of Balhae Kingdom
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