Pataliputra
| Patna (पटना) | |
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 Patna (पटना)
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| Coordinates | 25°36′40″N 85°08′38″E / 25.611°N 85.144°ECoordinates: 25°36′40″N 85°08′38″E / 25.611°N 85.144°E |
| Country | India |
| Region | Magadha |
| State | Bihar |
| Division | Patna |
| District(s) | Patna |
| Pataliputra | 490 BCE[1] |
| Mayor | Afzal Imam |
| Parliamentary constituency | Patna Parliamentary Constituency, Pataliputra Parliamentary Constituency, Patna Sahib Parliamentary Constituency |
| Assembly constituency | Bakhtiarpur(180), Digha(181), Bankipur(182), Kumhrar(183), Patna Sahib(184), Fatuha(185), Danapur(186), Maner(187), Phulwari-SC(188) |
| Planning Agency | Patna Regional Development Authority |
| Civic agency | Patna Municipal Corporation |
| Ward | 72 wards |
| Population • Density |
5,772,804[2] (2010[update]) • 1,803 /km2 (4,670 /sq mi) |
| Sex ratio | 1.145 ♂/♀ |
| Literacy • Male |
63.82% • 73.81% |
| Official languages | Hindi, Magadhi, Maithali, Bhojpuri, English |
|---|---|
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area |
3202 km2 (1236 sq mi) • 53 metres (174 ft) |
| Climate • Precipitation |
Cwa (Köppen) • 1,100 mm (43 in) |
| Governing body | Government of Bihar Government of India |
| ISO 3166-2 | IN-BR-PA |
| Website | www.patna.nic.in |
Pāṭaliputra (Devanagari: पाटलिपुत्र), modern-day Patna, was a city in ancient India, originally built by Ajatashatru in 490 BC as a small fort (Pāṭaligrama) near the River Ganges, and later the capital of the ancient Mahājanapadas kingdom of Magadha.[3] Its key central location in north central India led rulers of successive dynasties to base their administrative capital here, from the Nandas, Mauryans, Sungas and the Guptas down to the Palas.[4] In the Lord Buddha's day it was a village known as Pataligrama. He visited it shortly before his death and prophesied it would be great but would face destruction either by fire, water, or civil war.[citation needed] Two important councils were held here, the first at the death of the Buddha and the second in the reign of Asoka. During the reign of Emperor Asoka in the 3rd century BCE, it was one of the world's largest cities, with a population of 150,000-300,000.[citation needed] Pataliputra reached the pinnacle of prosperity when it was the capital of the great Mauryan Emperors, Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka the Great. The city prospered under the Mauryas and a Greek ambassador Megasthenes resided there and left a detailed account of its splendour. The city also became a flourishing Buddhist centre boasting a number of important monasteries. It remained the capital of the Gupta dynasty (3rd–6th centuries CE) and the Pala Dynasty (8th-12th centuries CE). The city was largely in ruins when visited by Hsüan-tsang, and suffered further damage at the hands of Muslim raiders in the 12th century.[5] Afterwards Sher Shah Suri made Pataliputra his capital and changed the name to modern Patna.
Though parts of the city have been excavated, much of it still lies buried beneath modern Patna. During the Mauryan period, the city was described as being shaped as parallelogram, approximately 1.5 miles wide and 9 miles long. Its wooden walls were pierced by 64 gates. These were thought to have been converted to strong stone walls during the time of Ashoka. Situated at the confluence of the Ganges and Gandhaka rivers, Pataliputra soon came to dominate the riverine trade of the Indo-Gangetic plains during Magadha's early imperial period. It was a great center of trade and commerce[citation needed] and attracted merchants and intellectuals, such as the famed Chanakya, from all over India.
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[edit] Etymology
The etymology of Pataliputra is unclear. "Putra" means son, and "pāţali" is a species of rice or the plant Bignonia suaveolens.[6] One traditional etymology[7] holds that the city was named after the plant.[8] Another tradition says that Pāṭaliputra means the son of Pāṭali, who was the daughter of Raja Sudarshan.[9] As it was known as Pāṭali-grama originally, some scholars believe that Pāṭaliputra is a transformation of Pāṭalipura, "Pāṭali town".[10]
[edit] Gallery
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Pataliputra as a capital of the Magadha Empire.
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Pataliputra as a capital of Nanda Empire.
The Nanda Empire at its greatest extent under Dhana Nanda (circa 323 BCE). -
Patliputra as a capital of Maurya Empire.
The Maurya Empire at its largest extent under Ashoka the Great. -
Pataliputra as a capital of Sunga Empire.
Approximate greatest extent of the Sunga Empire (circa 185 BCE). -
Pataliputra as a capital of Gupta Empire.
Approximate greatest extent of the Gupta Empire. -
Pataliputra as a capital of Pala Empire under Dharmapala.
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Pataliputra as a capital of Pala Empire.
Approximate greatest extent of the Pala Empire under Devapala. -
Pataliputra as a capital of Sher Shah's Empire.
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[edit] Excavated Sites of Pataliputra
[edit] See also
[edit] References
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- ^ Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004), A History of India, 4th edition. Routledge, Pp. xii, 448, ISBN 0415329205, http://www.amazon.com/History-India-Hermann-Kulke/dp/0415329205/.
- ^ "Provisional Population Totals: 2011 Census of India". http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/bihar/Provisional%20Population%20Totals%202011-Bihar.pdf. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
- ^ Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004), A History of India, 4th edition. Routledge, Pp. xii, 448, ISBN 0415329205, http://www.amazon.com/History-India-Hermann-Kulke/dp/0415329205/.
- ^ Thapar, Romila (1990), A History of India, Volume 1, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 384, ISBN 0140138358, http://www.amazon.com/History-India-Penguin/dp/0140138358/.
- ^ Scott, David (May, 1995). "Buddhism and Islam: Past to Present Encounters and Interfaith Lessons". Numen 42 (2).
- ^ Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Pāṭali, [1] (a junior synonym of Stereospermum colais [2])
- ^ Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, p.677
- ^ Folklore, Vol. 19, No. 3 (Sep. 30, 1908), pp. 349–350
- ^ The Calcutta Review Vol LXXVI (1883), p.218
- ^ Language, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Jun., 1928), pp. 101–105
[edit] Further reading
- Bernstein, Richard (2001). Ultimate Journey: Retracing the Path of an Ancient Buddhist Monk (Xuanzang) who crossed Asia in Search of Enlightenment. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. ISBN 0-375-40009-5
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