Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople
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| Gregory V of Constantinople | |
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 Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople shortly before his execution, as depicted by Nikiphoros Lytras |
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| Ecumenical Patriarch | |
| Born | 1746 Dimitsana |
| Died | 10 April 1821 Constantinople |
| Honored in | Orthodox Church |
| Major shrine | Athens |
| Feast | 10 April |
| Controversy | elected in 1797 but deported to Mount Athos, Greece in 1798, reelected 1806 and exiled to Prince Islands then Mount Athos in 1810, reelected 1818 |
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Gregory V (Γρηγόριος Ε΄, born Georgios Angelopoulos) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1797 to 1798, from 1806 to 1808 and from 1818 to 1821. He was responsible for much restoration work to the Patriarchal Cathedral of St George, which had been badly damaged by fire in 1738. At the onset of the Greek War of Independence, as Ethnarch of the Orthodox Millet Gregory V was blamed by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II for his inability to suppress the Greek uprising, even though he had actually condemned the Greek revolutionary activities. He was taken out of the Patriarchal Cathedral on Easter Sunday, 1821, directly after celebrating the solemn Easter Liturgy, and hanged (in full Patriarchal vestments) for three days from the main gate of the Patriarchate compound by order of the Sultan; his body was then taken down and delivered to a squad of Jews who dragged it through the streets and finally threw it into the Bosphorus.[1] The body was later recovered by Greek sailors and was eventually enshrined in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens. He is commemorated by the Orthodox Church as an Ethnomartyr (Greek: Εθνομάρτυρας).
In his memory, the Saint Peter Gate, once the main gate of the Patriarchate compound, was welded shut in 1821 and has remained shut ever since.
Influence[edit]
The brutal execution of Gregory V, especially on the day of Easter Sunday, shocked and infuriated the Greeks, and Orthodox Russia. It caused also protests in the rest of Europe and reinforced the movement of Philhellenism. There are references that during the Greek War of Independence, many revolutionaries engraved on their swords the name of Gregory seeking revenge.
Dionysios Solomos, in his Hymn to Liberty, which became later the Greek national anthem, also mentions the hanging of the Patriarch in some stanzas.
References[edit]
- ^ Thomas Gordon, The History of the Greek Revolution, Adamant Media Corporation p.187 ISBN 1-4021-8256-2, ISBN 978-1-4021-8256-3 (Publisher: Adamant Media Corporation ; Accessed: 2008-01-05)
External links[edit]
| Orthodox Church titles | ||
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| Preceded by Gerasimus III Callinicus IV Cyril VI |
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 1797–1798 1806–1808 1818–1821 |
Succeeded by Neophytus VII Callinicus IV Eugenius II |
- 18th-century births
- 1821 deaths
- Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople
- Eastern Orthodox saints
- Greek people executed by hanging
- People executed by the Ottoman Empire by hanging
- 19th-century Christian martyrs
- 19th-century executions by Turkey
- 18th-century Ottoman people
- 19th-century Ottoman people
- People from Arcadia
