Pavlodar
| Pavlodar Павлодар |
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 Pavlodar
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| Coordinates: 52°18′N 76°57′E / 52.3°N 76.95°E | |||
| Country | Kazakhstan | ||
| Province | Pavlodar Province | ||
| Established | 1720 | ||
| Incorporated | 1861 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Akim (mayor) | Bakhytzhan A. Sagintayev | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 400 km2 (200 sq mi) | ||
| • Urban | 100 km2 (40 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 123 m (404 ft) | ||
| Population (2010 [1]) | |||
| • City | 331,710 | ||
| • Density | 798.5/km2 (2,068/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | UTC+6 (UTC+6) | ||
| Postal code | 140000 - 140017 | ||
| Area code(s) | +7 7182 | ||
| Website | http://www.pavlodar-city.gov.kz/ | ||
Coordinates: 52°18′N 76°57′E / 52.3°N 76.95°E Pavlodar (Kazakh and Russian: Павлодар) is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan and the capital of Pavlodar Province. It is located 350 km northeast of the national capital Astana, and 400 km southeast of the Russian city of Omsk along the Irtysh River. As of 2010[update], the city has a population of 331710.[1] The population of Pavlodar is composed predominantly of ethnic Russians and Kazakhs with significant Ukrainian, German and Tatar minorities. The city is served by Pavlodar Airport.
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[edit] History
One of the oldest cities in northern Kazakhstan, Pavlodar was founded in 1720 as Koryakovsky, an Imperial Russian outpost. The settlement was created to establish control over the region's salt lakes, an important source of valuable salt. In 1861 the settlement was renamed Pavlodar and incorporated as a town. Pavlodar's significance was due in large measure to the substantial agricultural and salt-producing industries that had developed there despite the town's relatively small population. Pavlodar's population numbered only about 8,000 in 1897. The name Pavlodar signifies The Gift of Paul, and was chosen to commemorate the birth of the Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia.[2]
After 1955, the Soviet Government's Virgin Lands Campaign provided the impetus for the rapid growth and development of modern Pavlodar. As part of the program, large numbers of young men and women from throughout the Soviet Union settled in the city, rapid industrial and commercial expansion followed. From the mid-1960s on, Pavlodar grew to become a major industrial centre of both the Kazakh SSR and of the Soviet Union; the largest local industries are the manufacture of farm machinery, aluminum, and industrial chemicals; an oil refinery was completed in 1978. Because of a major arms and armour manufacturing facility located in the city, Pavlodar was closed to foreigners until 1992.
[edit] Climate
Pavlodar has a temperate continental climate with long, cold winters and hot, dry summers. The average temperature in January is −17.9 °C (−0 °F) with absolute observed lows reaching −45 °C (−49 °F) to −47 °C (−53 °F). In July the temperature averages 21.2 °C (70 °F). Yearly precipitation amounts to 255 mm (10 in)[3]
[edit] Climate
| Climate data for Pavlodar | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −13 (8) |
−12 (10) |
−6 (22) |
9 (49) |
19 (67) |
26 (78) |
28 (82) |
25 (77) |
19 (66) |
9 (48) |
−3 (26) |
−11 (13) |
7.5 (45.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −23 (−9) |
−22 (−8) |
−16 (4) |
−3 (27) |
6 (43) |
13 (55) |
15 (59) |
13 (55) |
6 (43) |
−2 (29) |
−11 (12) |
−19 (−3) |
−3.6 (25.6) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 10 (0.4) |
13 (0.5) |
15 (0.6) |
13 (0.5) |
28 (1.1) |
28 (1.1) |
43 (1.7) |
25 (1) |
18 (0.7) |
23 (0.9) |
18 (0.7) |
13 (0.5) |
246 (9.7) |
| Source: Weatherbase [4] | |||||||||||||
[edit] Sport
FC Irtysh is a Kazakh football club based at the Tsentralny Stadium in Pavlodar. Another notable club formerly based in Pavlodar, FC Energetik, has since relocated to Ekibastuz.
The Chess Federation of Pavlodar organizes frequent city-wide competitions such as «Pavlodar Open 2007» and «The Pavlodar Regional Cup», a fast chess competition.[5] Several FIDE masters, and grandmasters including Rinat Zhumabayev, Pavel Kotsur, Yuri Nikitin Vladimir Grebenshikov, and Yelena Ankudinova, participate regularly in the events.
[edit] Science and Education
Several universities are located in Pavlodar, among them:
- Pavlodar State University (named after S. Toraigyrov)
- Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute
[edit] Sister cities
[edit] References
- ^ a b Pavlodar Statistics
- ^ Pavlodar Kazakhstan
- ^ "Infomarket"
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Pavlodar, Kazakhstan". Weatherbase. 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=30063&refer=wikipedia. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
- ^ "Pavlodar Regional Cup on Fast Chess 2007" (in ru). Chess in Pavlodar. September 27, 2007. http://www.chesspavl.kz/news/?page=news&id=61. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
[edit] External links
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