Perm

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This article is about the Russian city. For the hairstyle, see Perm (hairstyle). For other uses, see Perm (disambiguation).
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Perm (English)
Пермь (Russian)
Перем (Komi-Permyak)
-  City[citation needed]  -
Perm Russia.jpg
View of Perm
Map of Russia - Perm Krai (2008-03).svg
Location of Perm Krai in Russia
Perm is located in Perm Krai
{{{alt}}}
Perm
Coordinates: 58°00′N 56°19′E / 58°N 56.317°E / 58; 56.317Coordinates: 58°00′N 56°19′E / 58°N 56.317°E / 58; 56.317
Coat of Arms of Perm.svg
Flag of Perm.png
Coat of arms
Flag
City Day June 12[citation needed]
Administrative status
Country Russia
Federal subject Perm Krai
Administrative center of Perm Krai, Permsky District[citation needed]
Municipal status
Urban okrug Perm Urban Okrug[citation needed]
Administrative center of Perm Urban Okrug[citation needed]
City Head[citation needed] Igor Shubin[citation needed]
Representative body City Duma[citation needed]
Statistics
Area 799.68 km2 (308.76 sq mi)[citation needed]
Population (2010 Census,
preliminary)		 991,530 inhabitants[1]
- Rank in 2010 13th
Population (2002 Census) 1,001,653 inhabitants[2]
- Rank in 2002 13th
Density 1,240 /km2 (3,200 /sq mi)[3]
Time zone YEKST (UTC+06:00)[4]
Founded May 15, 1723[citation needed]
Previous names Yegoshikha (until 1940),[citation needed]
Molotov (until October 2, 1957)[citation needed]
Postal code(s) 614xxx[citation needed]
Dialing code(s) +7 342[citation needed]
Official website

Perm (Russian: Пермь; IPA: [ˈpʲermʲ];[5] Komi-Permyak: Перем, Perem; Komi: Перым, Perym) is a city and the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Kama River, in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains. From 1940 to 1957 it was named Molotov (Мо́лотов).

According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, Perm's population is 991,530,[1] down from 1,001,653 recorded in the 2002 Census[2] and 1,090,944 recorded in 1989 Census.[6] As of the 2010 Census, the city was the thirteenth most populous in Russia.[1]

Perm is served by Bolshoye Savino Airport and hosts Bakharevka air base.

Contents

[edit] Name

The name Perm is of unknown etymology, likely of Uralic (Komi or Veps) origin. Komi is a member of the Permic group of Uralic languages, which is also named for Perm. Likewise, the geologic period of the Permian takes its name from the toponym.

[edit] Geography

Kama River near Perm

Perm covers an area of 799.68 square kilometers (308.76 sq mi).

The city of Perm is located on the bank of the Kama River upon hilly terrain. The Kama is the main tributary of the Volga River and one of the deepest and most picturesque rivers of Russia. This river is the waterway which grants the Urals access to the White Sea, Baltic Sea, Sea of Azov, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea. Kama divides the city into two parts, the central part and the right bank part, and it stretches for 70 km along the Kama and 40 km across it. The city street grid parallels the Kama River, traveling generally east-west, while other main streets run perpendicularly to those following the river. The grid pattern accommodates the hills of the city where it crosses them.

Another distinguishing feature of the city's relief is the large quantity of small rivers and brooks. The largest of them are the Mulyanka, Yegoshikha, Motoviliha (all are on the left bank of Kama River), and Gaiva (on the right bank).

Perm has a continental climate with warm summers and long, cold winters.

[edit] History

Further information: Great Perm

Perm was first mentioned as a village, Yegoshikha, in 1647; however, the history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural region by Tsar Peter I of Russia. Vasily Tatishchev, appointed by the Tsar as a chief manager of Ural factories, founded Perm together with another major center of the Ural region, Yekaterinburg.

Perm was founded on May 15 (May 4 in Julian calendar), 1723, and has had town status since October 29, 1781. By 1797, it was already an administrative center of the gubernia with the same name.

Ulitsa Pokrovskaya in central Perm around 1910

In the 19th century, Perm became a major trade and industrial center with a population of more than 20,000 people in the 1860s, with several metallurgy, paper, and steamboat producing factories, including one owned by a British entrepreneur. In 1870, an opera theatre was opened in the city, and in 1871 the first phosphoric factory in Russia was built. In 1916, Perm State University—a major educational institution in modern Russia—was opened.

After the outbreak of the Russian Civil War, Perm became a prime target for both sides because of its military munitions factories. In December 1918 the Siberian White Army under Anatoly Pepelyayev (who acknowledged the authority of the Omsk Government of Aleksandr Kolchak), took Perm. In 1919 the city was retaken by the Red Army.

Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich was executed in the outskirts of Perm with his secretary Nicholas Johnson on June 12, 1918 on the orders of the Perm Cheka.[citation needed] Their bodies were never recovered. A few weeks later on July 7, 1918, Andronic Nikolsky, the Archbishop of Perm, was also murdered by the Bolsheviks in the city. In 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church glorified him as Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop Of Perm, one of the Russian New Martyrs and Confessors.[citation needed]

[edit] Gallery

  • Early color photographs by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, taken in 1910

  • General view of City of Perm

  • General view of the city of Perm from Gorodskiye Gorki

  • Razgulyay, outskirts of the city of Perm

  • Mary Magdalene Church of the city Perm

  • Summertime location of the exchange in the city Perm

  • Prokudin-Gorsky — Staro-Sibirskaya Gate in the city of Perm

  • Kama River near Perm. The bridge still stands today, but another similar bridge has been built along side it. Both are painted white.

  • Headquarters of the Ural Railway Administration in the city of Perm

[edit] Soviet period

In the 1930s, Perm grew as a major industrial city with aviation, shipbuilding, and chemical factories built during that period. Development continued after the 1940s and virtually every major industry became represented by numerous factories in Perm. To this day, almost 80% of the city's population is employed in manufacturing.[citation needed] During the Great Patriotic War (World War II), Perm was a vital center of artillery production in the Soviet Union.

From 1940 until 1957, the city was named Molotov (Мо́лотов), after Vyacheslav Molotov.

[edit] Modern city

TGC-9

The city is a major administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural center. The leading industries include machinery, defence, oil production (about 3% of Russian output), oil refining, chemical and petrochemical, timber and wood processing and the food industry.

Since 2004, in the city of Perm functioned modern Russia's first Muslim Cossack unit.

[edit] Administrative divisions

Administrative divisions
Building of the Perm Administration
A view from the new bridge along the Stroiteley Street

Perm is divided into seven city districts:

City District Population (2010 Census preliminary results)[1]
Dzerzhinsky (Дзержи́нский) 155,659
Industrialny (Индустриа́льный) 157,701
Kirovsky (Ки́ровский) 127,889
Leninsky (Ле́нинский) 48,562
Motovilikhinsky (Мотови́лихинский) 180,086
Ordzhonikidzevsky (Орджоники́дзевский) 111,293
Sverdlovsky (Свердло́вский) 210,340

[edit] Culture

The Perm Opera and Ballet House is one of the best in Russia.[7] There are many other theatres in Perm, including the Drama theatre, the Puppet Theatre, the Theatre for Young Spectators, the Theatre "Stage Molot" and the Theatre "Near Bridge".

Perm Opera and Ballet House
Perm Museum of Contemporary Art in former building of River Station

Among the cities museums and galleries, the Perm State Art Gallery is recognized for its outstanding collections of art, including paintings from the 15th to 18th century art movements, and wooden sculptures from the region. It is housed in a notable early 19th century structure, once an orthodox cathedral. The spire of the museum towers over the rest of Perm, as it is situated on the Komsomolsky Prospect. [1] [8] Perm is receiving attention from the development of the new Museum of Contemporary Art, which came into existence officially in March 2009. [9][10]

[edit] Education

Perm is a scientific center; some of the scientific institutes are combined in the Perm Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Perm is a home to several major universities including Perm State University,[11] Perm State Technical University,[12] Perm State Teachers' Training University, Perm State Medical Academy,[13] Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy,[14] Perm State Agricultural Academy, The Institute of Art and Culture, Perm State Choreographic School,[15] Perm branch of state university Higher school of economics [16] and others. There are also three military schools in Perm.

[edit] Economy

Perm has the largest industrial output among cities in the Urals, ahead of Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Ufa, although Perm has a smaller population than these. 35% of Perm Oblast's industry is located in Perm.[17] The largest industries in the city are electric power engineering, oil and gas refining, machine building, chemicals and petrochemicals, forestry processing, printing and food industry.[18]

Several major industrial companies are located in Perm. Engine-makers Perm Motors and Aviadvigatel are among the major players of the Russian aircraft industry. Rocket engine company Proton-PM will mass-produce the RD-191 engine for the upcoming Angara rocket family. In electric engineering, Morion JSC and Perm Scientific and Industrial Group, along with Perm Electrical Engineering Plant are the leading companies. JSC KAMKABEL is Russia's largest exporter of cables and wires. Oil-refining and natural gas processing are also among the city's leading industries. The largest companies in this sector are LUKoil-Perm Ltd., and LUKoilPernefteprodukt Ltd.[17]

[edit] Transport

Perm is an important railway junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway with lines radiating to Central Russia, the north part of the Urals, and the far east of Russia. The Kama River is an important link in the unifying deep-water system of the European part of Russia. The river connects the city with European waterways. It is possible to ship cargo from the Kama river area to the sea ports of the White, Baltic, Azov, Black, and Caspian seas without reloading.[19]

Perm is served by the international airport Bolshoye Savino, 16 km southwest.

Perm's public transit network includes tram, bus, and trolleybus routes.

[edit] Climate

Perm has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).

Climate data for Perm
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)		 6.0
(42.8)		 15.0
(59.0)		 27.3
(81.1)		 34.6
(94.3)		 35.4
(95.7)		 36.6
(97.9)		 37.2
(99.0)		 30.7
(87.3)		 22.5
(72.5)		 11.9
(53.4)		 4.5
(40.1)		 37.2
(99.0)
Average high °C (°F) −9.3
(15.3)		 −7.6
(18.3)		 0.1
(32.2)		 8.7
(47.7)		 16.9
(62.4)		 22.5
(72.5)		 24.2
(75.6)		 20.5
(68.9)		 13.9
(57.0)		 5.9
(42.6)		 −3.1
(26.4)		 −8
(17.6)		 7.1
(44.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.8
(9.0)		 −11.6
(11.1)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 3.6
(38.5)		 10.4
(50.7)		 16.5
(61.7)		 18.7
(65.7)		 15.3
(59.5)		 9.8
(49.6)		 3.0
(37.4)		 −5.8
(21.6)		 −11.1
(12.0)		 2.7
(36.9)
Average low °C (°F) −16.2
(2.8)		 −15.1
(4.8)		 −8.2
(17.2)		 −0.9
(30.4)		 5.4
(41.7)		 11.1
(52.0)		 13.3
(55.9)		 10.9
(51.6)		 6.2
(43.2)		 0.5
(32.9)		 −8.4
(16.9)		 −14.2
(6.4)		 −1.3
(29.7)
Record low °C (°F) −44.9
(−48.8)		 −40.8
(−41.4)		 −34.8
(−30.6)		 −23.5
(−10.3)		 −13
(8.6)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 1.3
(34.3)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 −7.8
(18.0)		 −25.2
(−13.4)		 −38.5
(−37.3)		 −47.1
(−52.8)		 −47.1
(−52.8)
Precipitation mm (inches) 44
(1.73)		 30
(1.18)		 28
(1.1)		 36
(1.42)		 59
(2.32)		 79
(3.11)		 69
(2.72)		 76
(2.99)		 72
(2.83)		 64
(2.52)		 55
(2.17)		 45
(1.77)		 657
(25.87)
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[20]

[edit] Accidents

Aeroflot Flight 821, operated by Aeroflot-Nord in a service agreement with Aeroflot and as its subsidiary, crashed on its approach to Perm Airport on 14 September 2008 at 5:09:25 (UTC+06). All 82 passengers and 6 crew members were killed. Lame Horse fire happened on 5 December 2009. 156 people died.

[edit] Sports

The three main professional sports played in Perm are football, ice hockey and basketball. The largest football club in Perm is Amkar, who play in the Russian Premier League.[21] Perm was also home to the two-time Russian Basketball Super League champions, Ural Great. The largest Ice hockey team based in Perm is Molot-Prikame Perm who play in the Vysshaya Liga.[22]

[edit] Notable citizens

Monument to Fyodor Gral

The following people were either born in Perm or made names for themselves while residing there.

[edit] Twin towns and sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Perm is twinned with:

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  2. ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  3. ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
  4. ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. ^ Gramota.ru. #18475
  6. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  7. ^ Барыкина Л. Пермяки высадились на Манхэттене//Ведомости от 25.01.2008
  8. ^ The City of Perm: ART, CULTURE, SPORT
  9. ^ Perm Museums' Plan Dubbed the 'New Bilbao' | News | The Moscow Times
  10. ^ Kishkovsky, Sophia (2009-05-28). "Modern Dance and Art Bring a Burst of Color to a Gray City". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/28/world/europe/28perm.html?ref=global-home. Retrieved 2010-05-22. 
  11. ^ Perm State University
  12. ^ Заставка - Пермский государственный технический университет
  13. ^ Perm State Academy Of Medicine[dead link]
  14. ^ http://www.psfa.ru/english/
  15. ^ Perm State Ballet college
  16. ^ Государственный университет - Высшая школа экономики
  17. ^ a b Industry Perm City Administration
  18. ^ English version City of Perm. Department of Industrial Policy, Investment and Entrepreneurship
  19. ^ Transport infrastructure[dead link] — Perm regional server.
  20. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/28224.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007. 
  21. ^ Matches Perm sports clubs
  22. ^ Perm, Russia - Perm city information
  23. ^ "Cities Twinned with Duisburg". 2009 Duisberg City Council. http://www.duisburg.de/micro/english/introducing/102010100000187829.php. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  24. ^ "List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District". © 2009 Twins2010.com. http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd. Retrieved 2009-10-28. 

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Perm

[edit] Education
Coat of arms of Perm Krai
 Cities and towns
Flag of Perm Krai
Administrative districts
Districts of Komi-Permyak Okrug

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