Petrolina

Petrolina
—  Municipality  —
The Municipality of Petrolina
Flag Seal
Petrolina Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 09°23′34″S 40°30′28″W
Country	Brazil
Region	Northeast
State	Pernambuco
Founded	1870
Government
• Mayor	Júlio Emílio Lóssio de Macedo (PMDB)
Area
• Total	4,756.8 km2 (1,836.6 sq mi)
Elevation	376 m (1,234 ft)
Population (2009)
• Total	281,851
• Density	59.25/km2 (153.5/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-3 (UTC-3)
HDI (2000)	0.747 – medium

For the petroleum company, see: Petrolina (company).

Sao Francisco River

Petrolina is a city located in the southernmost point of the state of Pernambuco, in Brazil. The population was 281.851 in 2009 in a total area of 4756.8 km².[2]

It is situated on the left bank of the São Francisco River across from its twin city of Juazeiro, Bahia. The two cities, making up an urban area of almost 520.000 people, are connected by a modern bridge. Sobradinho dam, enclosing Sobradinho Lake, the second largest artificial lake in the world, is located 26 kilometers upriver.^{[citation needed]}

Road connections are made by BR-407, connecting Feira de Santana, near Salvador, and Picos located in the state of Piauí. There are railroad connections in Juazeiro made by the Ferrovia Centro-Atlântica. The Petrolina Airport is mainly for regional flights (daily flights to the capital Recife and Salvador), plus the international exportation of fresh fruits produced by irrigation agro-poles.

History

Cathedral of Petrolina

The origin of the name "Petrolina" comes from the merging of the original name "Pedra Linda", or "Beautiful Rocks". The growth of Petrolina and its sister city Juazeiro is the result of the construction of the Sobradinho dam and the abundant availability of water for irrigation in these desert soils. The region is perhaps the only one in the interior of the Northeast that has gained population through in-migration. While the population in the states of Pernambuco and Bahia as a whole increased by 50.1% between 1970 and 1990, it more than doubled in Petrolina-Juazeiro.^{[citation needed]}

For many years the economy of the Valley of the São Francisco was based on extensive cattle raising combined with subsistence farming.

Starting in the 1960s with the development policies implemented by the government, the valley soon became the beneficiary of important investments for economic development, translated into the construction of highways, increasing electrical energy, improvement in sanitation systems etc.

Investments made in the agricultural sector with the implantation of the irrigated sections of Bebedouro and Senador Nilo Coelho, in turn brought in the installation of factories connected to the regional agriculture base, especially producers of tomato paste, juices, textiles etc.

Agriculture has grown by leaps and bounds with irrigated farming being the main source of income and jobs in Petrolina. The Petrolina-Juazeiro nucleus has turned into a producer of a wide range of irrigated high-value crops, including table grapes and mangos that are sold fresh by cargo aircraft to Europe and the United States, and other crops for the domestic market, including bananas, coconuts, guavas, passion fruit, melons, industrial tomatoes, watermelons, and onions, among others. Due to the miracle of irrigation, growers in Petrolina-Juazeiro produce 90% of the country's exports of mangos and 30% of table grapes, displacing the states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul as the most important exporters of these products.

Climate

Petrolina's climate is very hot and dry, being classified as hot semi-arid (Köppen climate classification BSh). Petrolina is located in the semi-arid belt from the Northeastern Region of Brazil that is characterized with low rainfall. The precipitation does not have good distribution in time or space. The rainy season begins in December and ends in May. After that, the climate is still dry until December.

The average daily temperature varies little throughout the year. Average daily temperature recorded in 1996 and 1997 was 25.8 °C, ranging from 34.4 to 23.2 °C. In the hottest months (from September to April), the average temperature was 27.3 °C and ranged from 35.6 °C to 22.5 °C. In the cooler months (May to August), the average temperature was 24.8 °C and ranged between 31.5 °C and 20.0 °C. This data does not take into account some extreme periods when the daily temperature exceeded 40 °C and did not drop below 33 °C at night. Annual precipitation was 650 mm per year during these years although it can vary between 100 and 900 mm.

Economy

Grapes in São Francisco Valley, between Petrolina and Juazeiro

Mango flowers.

See also: Largest Cities of Northeast Region, Brazil

The main economic activities in Petrolina are based in the irrigated agriculture, related industry and commerce. Main crops in Tons (2007)

• Mangos - 146.000
• Grapes - 112.200
• Guava - 67.760
• Banana- 45.000
• Coconut-36.400 in thousands

There is also a substantial number of animals such as, in heads (2007):

• Goats - 99.500
• Sheep - 57.200
• Cattle- 29.200
• Pigs- 16.200
• Donkeys- 10.400
• Mules- 2.100
• Horses- 1.750

Economic Indicators

Population	GDP x(1000 R$).	GDP pc (R$)	PE
294.081	2.375.492	8.601	3.37 %

Economy by Sector 2006

Primary sector	Secondary sector	Service sector
22.79 %	14.05 %	63.16 %

Health Indicators

HDI (2000)	Hospitals (2007)	Hospitals beds (2007)	Children's Mortality every 1000 (2005)
0.747	5	431	25.6

Distances

• Salvador 512 km - (319 miles)
• Recife 730 km - (454 miles)
• Brasília 1550 km - (963 miles)
• Rio de Janeiro 1927 km - (1198 miles)
• São Paulo 2246 km - (1396 miles)

External links

• Petrolina in [Wikitravel]
• Petrolina City hall
• Video Petrolina [3]
• Photo-Video Petrolina, Pernambuco [4]
• Portal Petrolina With photos of the city
• Petrolina´s major hotel
• A study of the success of Petrolina and Juazeiro