Petrozavodsk
| Petrozavodsk (English) Петрозаводск (Russian) |
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| - City[citation needed] - | |
 Trolleybus in Petrozavodsk |
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.svg) Location of the Republic of Karelia in Russia |
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 Petrozavodsk
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| Coordinates: 61°47′N 34°20′E / 61.783°N 34.333°ECoordinates: 61°47′N 34°20′E / 61.783°N 34.333°E | |
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| City Day | Last Saturday of June[citation needed] |
| Administrative status (as of June 2008) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Republic of Karelia |
| Administratively subordinated to | city of republic significance of Petrozavodsk[1] |
| Capital of | Republic of Karelia[1] |
| Administrative center of | city of republic significance of Petrozavodsk,[1] Prionezhsky District[1] |
| Municipal status (as of November 2011) | |
| Urban okrug | Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug[2] |
| Head[citation needed] | Nikolay Levin[citation needed] |
| Representative body | City Council[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 135 km2 (52 sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
263,540 inhabitants[3] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 71st |
| Population (2002 Census) | 266,160 inhabitants[4] |
| - Rank in 2002 | 70th |
| Density | 1,952 /km2 (5,060 /sq mi)[5] |
| Time zone | MSD (UTC+04:00)[6] |
| Founded | 1703[citation needed] |
| Previous names | Petrovskaya Sloboda (until 1777),[citation needed] Petrozavodsk (until 1941),[citation needed] Äänislinna (until 1944)[citation needed] |
| Postal code(s) | 185xxx[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8142[citation needed] |
| Official website | |
| Petrozavodsk on WikiCommons | |
Petrozavodsk (Russian: Петрозаво́дск; Karelian/Vepsian/Finnish: Petroskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia. It stretches along the western shore of the Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers (17 mi). Population: 263,540 (2010 Census preliminary results);[3] 266,160 (2002 Census);[4] 269,485 (1989 Census).[7]
It is served by Petrozavodsk Airport.
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[edit] History
On September 11, 1703, Prince Menshikov founded the settlement of Petrovskaya Sloboda ("Petrine Sloboda"). He did so at the behest of Tsar Peter the Great, who needed a new iron foundry to manufacture cannons and anchors for the Baltic Fleet at the time of the Great Northern War (1700–1721). At first the foundry used the name Shuysky zavod (literally, "factory at the Shuya River"), but a decade later it became Petrovsky zavod ("Petrine factory"), after the name of the reigning monarch. From this form the present name of the city derives.
By 1717, Petrovskaya Sloboda had grown into the largest settlement in Karelia, with about 3,500 inhabitants, a timber fort, a covered market, and miniature palaces of the Tsar and Menshikov. The town's best-known landmark became the wooden church of Saints Peter and Paul, rebuilt in 1772 and renovated in 1789. The church retained its original iconostasis until this relic of Peter's reign was destroyed by fire on October 30, 1924.
After Peter's death, Petrovskaya Sloboda became depopulated and the factory declined. It closed down in 1734, although foreign industrialists maintained copper factories in the vicinity.
The industry revived in 1773 when Catherine the Great established a new iron foundry upstream the Lososinka River. Designed to provide cannons for the ongoing Russo-Turkish Wars, the foundry was named Alexandrovsky, after Alexander Nevsky, who was considered a patron saint of the region. The factory was modernized and expanded under supervision of Charles Gascoigne in 1787–96. Local pundits claim that the first railway in the world (чугунный колесопровод) was inaugurated for industrial uses of the Alexandrovsky foundry in 1788.
During Catherine's municipal reform of 1777, Petrovskaya Sloboda was incorporated as a town, whereupon its name was changed to Petrozavodsk. A new Neoclassical city center was then built, focused on the newly-planned Round Square. In 1784 Petrozavodsk was large enough to supplant Olonets as the administrative center of the region. Although Emperor Paul abolished Olonets Governorate, it was revived as a separate guberniya in 1801, with Petrozavodsk as its administrative center.
During the Finnish occupation of East Karelia in the Continuation War (1941–1944), the occupier chose to style the city Äänislinna (or Ääneslinna), rather than the traditional Petroskoi. The new name was a literal translation of Onegaborg, the name of a settlement marked on a 16th century map by Abraham Ortelius near the present-day city, Ääninen being the Finnish toponym for Lake Onega.[citation needed]
The city was occupied by Finnish troops for nearly three years before it was retaken by Soviet forces on June 28, 1944. The Finns set up concentration camps for the civilians which they operated until the Red Army reoccupied the area. The first camp was located at Petrozavodsk (October 24, 1940). Six such camps were set up in Petrozavodsk, with about 25,000 women, children and old people confined in them. One source estimated 4,000 people perished there, primarily because of malnourishment, most dying during the spring and summer of 1942.
[edit] Administrative and municipal status
Administratively, it is incorporated as the city of republic significance of Petrozavodsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] Municipally, the city of republic significance of Petrozavodsk is incorporated as Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug.[2]
[edit] Landmarks
Petrozavodsk is distinguished among other towns of North Russia by its Neoclassical architectural heritage, which includes the Round Square (1775, reconstructed in 1789 and 1839) and the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (consecrated in 1832). Among the town's landmarks are the outdoor statues of Peter I (bronze and granite, Ippolit Monighetti, 1873), Gavrila Derzhavin (a Russian poet who was the governor of Olonets in the 18th century), and Alexander Nevsky (erected outside Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in 2010). The city has a fine frontage on the Gulf of Petrozavodsk. The modern embankment, inaugurated in 1994, displays an assortment of Karelian granites and marbles. It is lined with extravagant postmodernist sculptures presented by sister cities of Petrozavodsk from around the world. There is also a birch copse, where the first church of Petrozavodsk was built in 1703.
Petrozavodsk is home to the Karelia Philharmonic Orchestra (1933)[2], the Karelian Musical Theater (1955, statuary by Sergey Konenkov), National Library of Karelia (1959), Finnish-speaking National Theater of Karelia (1965), Petrozavodsk State University, a conservatory, a city museum founded in 1871, and a branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
[edit] Suburbs
The village of Shoksha near Petrozavodsk contains a quarry of red and pink quartzite which was used in construction of Saint Isaac's Cathedral and Lenin Mausoleum, among many other notable structures. There are also other quarries in the region excavating road aggregates (Goloday Gora – gabbro-diabase) near Derevyanka.
The suburb of Martsialnye Vody is the oldest spa in Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1714 and visited by the Tsar on four occasions. Its name means "The Waters of Mars" in Russian. Although Peter's palace at Martsialnye Vody has not survived, there is a museum devoted to the spa's history.
From Petrozavodsk harbor a hydrofoil service of "KareliaFlot" company carries people to the island of Kizhi, a World Heritage Site with an outdoor museum of ancient wooden architecture.
[edit] Climate
Petrozavodsk experiences a continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) that is greatly moderated by the oceanic influence of the Baltic Sea. Winters are long and cold, though very mild for the high latitude, while summers are short and warm. Precipitation averages 581 millimeters (22.9 in) annually.
| Climate data for Petrozavodsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
7.3 (45.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
24.2 (75.6) |
29.6 (85.3) |
31.9 (89.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
31.9 (89.4) |
28.5 (83.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
11.1 (52.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
33.5 (92.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −6.9 (19.6) |
−6 (21.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.0 (69.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
12.5 (54.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
6.40 (43.52) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −13.3 (8.1) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
3.5 (38.3) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
10.2 (50.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−10.1 (13.8) |
−0.79 (30.58) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −41.6 (−42.9) |
−39.3 (−38.7) |
−30 (−22.0) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−5 (23.0) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−27.5 (−17.5) |
−36.8 (−34.2) |
−41.6 (−42.9) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 32 (1.26) |
24 (0.94) |
30 (1.18) |
33 (1.3) |
42 (1.65) |
62 (2.44) |
69 (2.72) |
81 (3.19) |
61 (2.4) |
56 (2.2) |
49 (1.93) |
42 (1.65) |
581 (22.87) |
| Source: Погода и Климат (Weather and Climate)[8] | |||||||||||||
[edit] People from Petrozavodsk
- Vladimir Dratchev, biathlete
- Denis Zubko, footballer
- Sergey Katanandov, Head of the Republic of Karelia in 2002–2010
[edit] Twin towns/sister cities
Petrozavodsk is twinned with:
Alytus, Lithuania
Brest, Belarus
Duluth, United States
Joensuu, Finland
La Rochelle, France, since 1973[9]
Neustrelitz, Germany- Neubrandenburg, Germany
Nyborg, Denmark
Ōhara, Japan
Podolsk, Russia
Portomaggiore, Italy
Mo i Rana, Norway[10]- Tübingen, Germany
Umeå, Sweden- Varkaus, Finland
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c d e Law #871-ZRK
- ^ a b c Law #824-ZRK
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Погода и Климат (Weather and Climate)—[1]. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
- ^ "La Rochelle: Twin towns". www.ville-larochelle.fr. http://www.ville-larochelle.fr/en/decouvrir-la-ville/villes-jumelles.html. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ Petrozavodsk City Administration. Official website
[edit] Sources
- Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №871-ЗРК от 29 апреля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Карелия», в ред. Закона №1207-ЗРK от 9 июня 2008 г «О внесении изменения в Закон Республики Карелия "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Карелия"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №48, 7 мая 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #871-ZRK of April 29, 2005 On the Administrative and Territorial Structure of the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1207-ZRK of June 9, 2008 On Amending the Law of the Republic of Karelia "On the Administrative and Territorial Structure of the Republic of Karelia". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №824-ЗРК от 1 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении городских поселений статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №1548-ЗРK от 3 ноября 2011 г «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Республики Карелия "О наделении городских поселений статусом городского округа"». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №139, 9 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #824-ZRK of December 1, 2004 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to Urban Settlements, as amended by the Law #1548-ZRK of November 3, 2011 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of the Republic of Karelia "On Granting Urban Okrug Status to Urban Settlements". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
[edit] External links
- Official site of administration (English) (Russian)
- Culture Board of Petrozavodsk
- Petrozavodsk Online
- Detailed map of Petrozavodsk and vast organizations database (Russian)
- Kizhi Museum in the City of Petrozavodsk (English) (Russian)
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