Philip, Duke of Parma

Infante Philip
Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
Reign	18 October 1748–18 July 1765
Predecessor	Maria Theresa
Successor	Ferdinand
Spouse	Princess Louise Élisabeth of France
Issue
Isabella, Archduchess of Austria Ferdinand, Duke of Parma Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain
House	House of Bourbon-Parma
Father	Philip V of Spain
Mother	Elisabeth Farnese
Born	(1720-03-15)15 March 1720 Royal Alcazar, Madrid, Spain
Died	18 July 1765(1765-07-18) (aged 45) Alessandria, Italy

Philip of Spain (15 March 1720 – 18 July 1765) was Duke of Parma from 1748 to 1765. He founded the House of Bourbon-Parma (a.k.a. the Bourbons of Parma), a cadet line of the Spanish branch of the dynasty. He was a son in law of Louis XV.

Life

Born at the Royal Alcazar in Madrid, he was the fourth child and third son of Philip V of Spain and his wife, Elisabeth Farnese.

He was raised in Madrid and as a child showed more interest in art than in politics. He was also the 12th Count of Chinchón Grandee of Spain First Class with a Coat of Arms of de Bourbon after the alienation with Royal Authorization in 1738 of the 11th Conde Don Jose Sforza-Cesarini, Duke of Canzano, title he later ceded to his brother Louis in 1754.

His mother came from the family of Farnese, which had ruled the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla for many generations. The Duchy had been ruled between 1731 and 1736 by his elder brother Charles, but exchanged with Austria for The Two Sicilies after the War of Polish Succession. Twelve years later, in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Austria lost the Duchy, and Philip became the new Duke, founding the House of Bourbon-Parma.

As part of the Treaty of Versailles (1757) between Austria and France it was intended that Phillip would become King of the Southern Netherlands, in a deal that would see French troops occupy key positions in the country – however this arrangement was repudiated by the subsequent Third Treaty of Versailles and Phillip continued in Parma.

The Duchy of Parma was ruined by many years of warfare, and in 1759 Philip named the abled Frenchmen Guillaume du Tillot as his minister to restore the economy. Philip was an enlightened ruler. He stimulated education and philosophy, attracting personalities like Étienne Bonnot de Condillac.

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  Philip, by Louis René Vialy, engraved by Jean-Joseph Balechou (1740)

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  Philip in his later years

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  Philip in 1750

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  The Parmesan family c 1755. (L-R) Ferdinand; Maria Luisa; Wife; Isabella

Marriage

Philip married Princess Louise Élisabeth of France in Alcalá de Henares, Spain on 25 October 1739. They had the following children:

• Isabella Luisa Antonietta Ferdinanda Giuseppina Saveria Dominica Giovanna of Parma (31 December 1741 – 27 November 1763) – she married Marie Antoinette's older brother, the Austrian emperor, Joseph II. She had issue, but all her children died in childhood.
• Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo of Parma (20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802), ) – he succeeded his father as Duke of Parma in 1765 and married his older sister's sister-in-law, the Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria. He left issue.
• Luisa Maria Teresa Ana of Parma (9 December 1751 – 2 January 1819) – she was known as Maria Luisa. She married her cousin, the Infante Carlos of Spain, and later became the Queen Consort of Spain. She left issue.

Family of Philip in 1743

"The Family of Philip V of Spain 1743"; (L-R) Mariana Victoria, Princess of Brazil; Barbara, Princess of Asturias; Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; King Philip V; Luis, Count of Chinchón; Elisabeth Farnese; Infante Philip; Louise Élisabeth of France; Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela; Infanta Maria Antonietta; Maria Amalia, Queen of Naples and Sicily; Charles, King of Naples and Sicily. The two children in the foreground are Princess Maria Isabella Anne of Naples and Sicily and Infanta Isabella of Spain (daughter of the future Duke of Parma)

Philip died unexpectedly on 18 July 1765 in Alessandria, Italy, after having accompanied his daughter Maria Luisa on her way to Genoa, where she sailed for Spain to marry Infante Charles. Through Philip's daughter Maria Luisa, he is an ancestor of the Bourbons of Spain, the Bourbons of the Two Sicilies, and the House of Orléans.

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  His wife, Princess Louise-Élisabeth of France

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  Isabella of Parma, Archduchess of Austria

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  Ferdinand of Parma, Duke of Parma

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  Maria Luisa of Parma, Queen Consort of Spain

Ancestors

Patrilineal descent

Patrilineal descent

Philip's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations – which means that if Duke Philip were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Robertian, as all his male-line ancestors have been of that house. Philip is a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma, a sub-branch of the House of Bourbon-Spain, itself originally a branch of the House of Bourbon, and thus of the Capetian dynasty and of the Robertians. Philip's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. It follows the Dukes of Parma as well as the Kings of Spain, France, and Navarre. The line can be traced back more than 1,200 years from Robert of Hesbaye to the present day, through Kings of France & Navarre, Spain and Two-Sicilies, Dukes of Parma and Grand-Dukes of Luxembourg, Princes of Orléans and Emperors of Brazil. It is one of the oldest in Europe. Robert II of Worms and Rheingau (Robert of Hesbaye), 770–807 Robert III of Worms and Rheingau, 808–834 Robert IV the Strong, 820–866 Robert I of France, 866–923 Hugh the Great, 895–956 Hugh Capet, 941–996 Robert II of France, 972–1031 Henry I of France, 1008–1060 Philip I of France, 1053–1108 Louis VI of France, 1081–1137 Louis VII of France, 1120–1180 Philip II of France, 1165–1223 Louis VIII of France, 1187–1226 Louis IX of France, 1215–1270 Robert, Count of Clermont, 1256–1317 Louis I, Duke of Bourbon, 1279–1342 James I, Count of La Marche, 1319–1362 John I, Count of La Marche, 1344–1393 Louis, Count of Vendôme, 1376–1446 Jean VIII, Count of Vendôme, 1428–1478 François, Count of Vendôme, 1470–1495 Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, 1489–1537 Antoine, King of Navarre, Duke of Vendôme, 1518–1562 Henry IV, King of France and of Navarre, 1553–1610 Louis XIII, King of France and Navarre, 1601–1643 Louis XIV, King of France and Navarre, 1638–1715 Louis, Grand Dauphin of France, 1661–1711 Philip V of Spain, 1683–1746 Philip, Duke of Parma, 1720–1765

Heraldry

Heraldry of Philip of Spain, Duke of Pama
Coat of arms as Infante of Spain Coat of Arms as Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla

Titles and Styles

• 15 March 1720–1749 His Royal Highness Don Felipe, Infante of Spain
• 1749 – 18 July 1765 His Royal Highness the Duke of Parma, Plasencia and Guastalla

References

Philip, Duke of Parma House of Bourbon-Parma Cadet branch of the House of Bourbon Born: 15 March 1720 Died: 18 July 1765
Regnal titles
Preceded by Maria Theresa (Austrian Empire)	Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla 1748–1765	Succeeded by Ferdinand
Spanish nobility
Preceded by Philip V of Spain	Count of Chinchón 1720–1754	Succeeded by Infante Luis of Spain
Preceded by Philip V of Spain	Duke of Canzano 1748–1765	Succeeded by Infante Luis of Spain