Philippine general election, 1992

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Presidential and vice presidential elections, legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1992. This was the first general elections under the 1987 Philippine Constitution. An estimated 80,000 candidates ran for 17,000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councilors. Even if the constitution allowed her, President Corazon Aquino did not run for re-election.

In the presidential election, retired general Fidel Ramos of Lakas-NUCD won a six-year term as President by a small margin, narrowly defeating populist candidate Miriam Defensor Santiago of the People's Reform Party. Ramos also got the lowest plurality in Philippine electoral history. Miriam Santiago led the canvassing of votes for the first five days, but was overtaken by Ramos afterwards. Santiago accused Ramos of fraud and filed an electoral protest citing power outages as evidence. Her protest was eventually dismissed.

The 1992 election was the second time both president and vice president came from different parties. Movie actor and Senator Joseph Estrada won a six-year term as Vice President, by a landslide victory.

Under the transitory provisions of the Philippine constitution, 24 senators were elected in this election. The first 12 senators who garnered the highest votes would have a 6 six year term while the next 12 senators would have a 3 year term. Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP) got a large share in the Senate race. TV personality and Quezon City Vice Mayor Vicente Sotto III (also known as Tito Sotto) got the highest number of votes.

Results

For President

Summary

Main article: Philippine presidential election, 1992

 Summary of the May 11, 1992 Philippine presidential election results

Candidate	Party		Results
			Votes	%
Fidel V. Ramos		Lakas-NUCD	5,342,521	23.58%
Miriam Defensor-Santiago		PRP	4,468,173	19.72%
Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr.		NPC	4,116,376	18.17%
Ramon Mitra, Jr.		LDP	3,316,661	14.64%
Imelda Marcos		KBL	2,338,294	10.32%
Jovito Salonga		Liberal	2,302,123	10.16%
Salvador Laurel		Nacionalista	770,046	3.40%
Valid votes			22,654,195	93.4%
Invalid votes			1,600,759	6.6%
Votes cast			24,254,954	75.5%
Registered voters			32,141,079	100.00%
Source: Congress of the Philippines

Breakdown

Main article: Congressional canvass for the Philippine presidential election, 1992

For Vice President

 Summary of the May 11, 1992 Philippine vice presidential election results

Candidate	Party		Results
			Votes	%
Joseph Estrada		PMP	6,739,738	33.00%
Marcelo Fernan		LDP	4,438,494	21.74%
Emilio Osmeña		Lakas-NUCD	3,362,467	16.47%
Ramon Magsaysay, Jr.		PRP	2,900,556	14.20%
Aquilino Pimentel, Jr.		PDP-Laban	2,023,289	9.91%
Vicente Magsaysay		KBL	699,895	3.43%
Eva Estrada-Kalaw		Nacionalista	255,730	1.25%
Totals			20,420,169	100.00%

For Senator

Main article: Philippine Senate election, 1992

Tally of votes

The top 12 elected candidates were to serve from June 30, 1992 until June 30, 1998 while the following 12 elected candidates were to serve from June 30, 1992 until June 30, 1995. A total of 166 candidates ran for senator.

 Summary of the May 11, 1992 Philippine Senate election result

Rank	Candidate	Party		Votes
1	Tito Sotto		LDP	11,792,121
2	Ramon Revilla, Sr.		LDP	8,321,278
3	Edgardo Angara		LDP	8,019,011
4	Ernesto Herrera		LDP	7,219,170
5	Alberto Romulo		LDP	6,824,256
6	Ernesto Maceda		NPC	6,820,717
7	Orly Mercado		LDP	6,691,132
8	Neptali Gonzales		LDP	6,578,582
9	Leticia Ramos Shahani		Lakas-NUCD	6,578,582
10	Heherson Alvarez		LDP	6,360,898
11	Blas Ople		LDP	6,024,930
12	Freddie Webb		LDP	5,929,426
13	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo		LDP	5,858,950
14	Teofisto Guingona, Jr.		LDP	5,830,044
15	Santanina Rasul		Lakas-NUCD	5,546,803
16	Jose Lina, Jr.		LDP	5,064,291
17	Anna Dominique Coseteng		NPC	5,008,981
18	Arturo Tolentino		NPC	4,929,625
19	Raul Roco		LDP	4,884,455
20	Rodolfo Biazon		LDP	4,863,752
21	Wigberto Tañada		Liberal-PDP-LABAN	4,492,718
22	Francisco Tatad		NPC	4,487,896
23	John Henry Osmeña		NPC	4,408,145
24	Agapito Aquino		LDP	3,964,966
25	Silvestre Bello III		Lakas-NUCD	3,964,000
26	Carlos Padilla, Jr.		LDP	3,828,679
27	Alexander Aguirre		NPC	3,755,837
28	Mamintal Tamano		LDP	3,642,828
29	Jose Concepcion, Jr.		LDP	3,598,935
30	Alfredo Rafael Bengzon		Lakas-NUCD	3,559,202
31	Francisco Sumulong		Lakas-NUCD	3,167,838
32	Estelito Mendoza		NPC	3,122,467
33	Victor Ziga		Liberal-PDP-LABAN	3,151,251
34	Sotero Laurel		Nacionalista	3,002,874
35	Francisco Chavez		Lakas-NUCD	2,948,912
Source: Philippine Commission on Elections

For members of the House of Representatives

Main article: Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1992

 Summary of the May 11, 1992 Philippine House of Representatives election results

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote		Seats won
		Total	%	Total	%
	LDP	6,286,922	33.7	86	43.2
	Lakas-NUCD	3,951,144	17.3	40	20.1
	NPC	3,478,780	18.7	30	15.1
	Liberal/PDP-Laban alliance	1,644,568	8.8	11	5.5
	Independents	938,558	5.0	6	3.0
	Nacionalista	730,696	3.9	7	3.5
	Candidates that ran under 2 or more parties	679,411	3.6	14	7.0
	KBL	438,577	2.4	3	1.5
	Others	491,970	2.6	2	1.0
Total		18,640,626	100.0	199	100.0
Source: Teehankee, Julio. "Electoral Politics in the Philippines". quezon.ph. http://www.quezon.ph/wp-content/uploads/2006/09/Electoral%20Politics%20in%20the%20Philippines.pdf. Retrieved 2010-12-11.

Political Parties in 1992

• LDP - Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
• Lakas-NUCD - Lakas Tao–National Union of Christian Democrats
• NPC - Nationalist People's Coalition
• LP-PDP-LABAN - Liberal Party–Partido ng Demokratikong Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan
• NP - Nacionalista Party
• KBL - Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
• PRP - People's Reform Party

See also

• Commission on Elections
• Politics of the Philippines
• Philippine elections
• President of the Philippines
• 9th Congress of the Philippines

External links

• The Philippine Presidency Project
• Official website of the Commission on Elections
• Official website of the House of Representatives