PhoneGap
| Original author(s) | Joe Bowser, Michael Brooks, Rob Ellis, Dave Johnson, Anis Kadri, Brian Leroux, Jesse MacFadyen, Filip Maj, Eric Oesterle, Brock Whitten, Herman Wong, Shazron Abdullah |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Adobe Systems |
| Stable release | 2.7.0 / April 30, 2013 |
| Development status | Active |
| Written in | JavaScript, HTML5, CSS3, Java, C++, C# and Objective-C |
| Operating system | iOS, Android, webOS, Windows Mobile[citation needed], Symbian, BlackBerry and Windows Phone, Windows 8 |
| Available in | English |
| Type | mobile development framework |
| License | Apache 2.0 License[1] |
| Website | www.phonegap.com cordova.apache.org |
PhoneGap is a mobile development framework produced by Nitobi, purchased by Adobe Systems.[2][3] It enables software programmers to build applications for mobile devices using JavaScript, HTML5 and CSS3, instead of device-specific languages such as Objective-C.[4] The resulting applications are hybrid, meaning that they are neither truly native (because all layout rendering is done via web views instead of the platform's native UI framework) nor purely web-based (because they are not just web apps, but are packaged as apps for distribution and have access to native device APIs). From 1.9 version onward it is even possible to freely mix native and hybrid code snippets.
The software underlying PhoneGap is Apache Cordova.[5] The software was previously called just "PhoneGap", then "Apache Callback".[6][7] Apache Cordova is open source software.
Contents |
History [edit]
First developed at an iPhoneDevCamp event in San Francisco,[8] PhoneGap went on to win the People's Choice Award at O'Reilly Media's 2009 Web 2.0 Conference[9] and the framework has been used to develop many apps.[10] Apple Inc. has confirmed that the framework has its approval, even with the new 4.0 developer license agreement changes.[11] The PhoneGap framework is used by several mobile application platforms such as ViziApps,[12] Worklight,[13][14] Convertigo[15][16] and appMobi[17] as the backbone of their mobile client development engine. Adobe officially announced the acquisition of Nitobi Software (the original developer) on October 4, 2011.[18] Coincident with that, the PhoneGap code was contributed to the Apache Software Foundation to start a new project called Apache Cordova. The project original name, Apache Callback, was viewed as too generic.[19] Then it also appears in Adobe Systems as Adobe PhoneGap and also as Adobe Phonegap Build.[20]
Early versions of PhoneGap required a person making iOS apps to have an Apple computer, and a person making Windows Mobile apps to have a computer running Windows. After September 2012, the "PhoneGap Build" service allows a programmer to upload his source code to a "cloud compiler" that generates apps for every supported platform.[21]
Design and rationale [edit]
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. (October 2011) |
The core of PhoneGap applications use HTML5 and CSS3 for their rendering, and JavaScript for their logic. Although HTML5 now provides access to underlying hardware such as the accelerometer, camera and GPS, browser support for HTML5-based device access is not consistent across mobile browsers, particularly older versions of Android. To overcome these limitations, the PhoneGap framework embeds HTML5 code inside a native WebView on the device, using a Foreign Function Interface to access the native resources of the device.[22]
However, the use of web-based technologies leads many PhoneGap applications to run slower than native applications with similar functionality.[23] Adobe Systems warns that applications built using PhoneGap may be rejected by Apple for being too slow or not feeling "native" enough (having appearance and functionality consistent with what users have come to expect on the platform).[24][25]
Supported platforms [edit]
PhoneGap currently supports development for the operating systems Apple iOS, Google Android, LG webOS, Microsoft Windows Phone, Nokia Symbian OS,[26] RIM BlackBerry and Tizen. Support for recent versions, such as BlackBerry 5 and 6 and Windows Phone 7, is being implemented now.[27][28] Bada (the operating system used by the Samsung Wave S8500) support is "coming soon".[29] The table below is a list of supported features for each operating system.[30]
| Feature | iPhone /iPhone 3G | iPhone 3GS and newer |  Android 1.0 – 4.2 |
Windows Phone |  4.6–4.7 |
5.x–6.0+ |
 Bada |
Symbian | webOS |  Tizen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accelerometer | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Camera | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial |
| Compass | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes |
| Contacts | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes |
| File | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes |
| Geolocation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Media | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Partial |
| Network | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Notification (alert) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Notification (sound) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Notification (vibration) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Storage | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes |
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ PhoneGap License
- ^ "Adobe Announces Agreement to Acquire Nitobi, Creator of PhoneGap". Adobe.com. 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "Andre Charland's Answers on PhoneGap". Quora. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ Jose Fermoso (April 5, 2009). "PhoneGap Seeks to Bridge the Gap Between Mobile App Platforms". GigaOM. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "Apache Cordova gets a new look - The H Open Source: News and Features". H-online.com. 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ Apache Callback Project Incubation Status
- ^ Apache Callback Proposal
- ^ http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Application-Development/PhoneGap-Simplifies-iPhone-Android-BlackBerry-Development-788189/
- ^ Davis, Lidija (2009-04-02). "PhoneGap: People's Choice Winner at Web 2.0 Expo Launch Pad". Readwriteweb.com. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "PhoneGap Apps". Phonegap.com. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
- ^ "PhoneGap and the Apple developer license agreement. « PhoneGap". Phonegap.com. 2010-04-14. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "Create Mobile and Web Apps with HTML5 and JavaScript". ViziApps.com. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "Mobile Application Platform and Tools". Worklight. 2012-01-16. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "How PhoneGap plays an important part in our Enterprise offering « PhoneGap". Phonegap.com. 2011-06-27. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "Open Source Mobile Enablement and Enterprise Mashups". Convertigo. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "Convertigo Mobilizer Uses PhoneGap Build APIs « PhoneGap". Phonegap.com. 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "Create Mobile and Web Apps with HTML5 and JavaScript |". appMobi.com. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ Shankland, Stephen (2011-10-03). "Adobe buys PhoneGap, TypeKit for better Web tools | Deep Tech - CNET News". News.cnet.com. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "finding a new name that isn't PhoneGap - Brian LeRoux - org.apache.incubator.callback-dev". MarkMail. 2011-10-28. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "Adobe PhoneGap Build". Adobe Systems Inc.
- ^ Klint Finley. "Adobe Launches Hosted PhoneGap Build Service For Creating Cross-Platform Mobile Apps". 2012.
- ^ "The Development of Mobile Applications using HTML5 and PhoneGap on Intel Architecture-Based Platforms". 2012-06-22. Retrieved 2013-02-17. "However, HTML5 has some limitations. Most prominent, is the lack of API to access device hardware and sensors such as accelerometer, compass, GPS, etc. While native applications can access device hardware, they lack the portability that web apps provide. Thus, a solution is to code a hybrid application, which cumulatively uses the benefits of native and web apps."
- ^ Sapan Diwakar (2012-06-21). "Titanium vs Phonegap vs Native application development". Retrieved 2013-02-17.
- ^ "PhoneGap advice on dealing with Apple application rejections". Adobe Systems. 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
- ^ "Creating apps with PhoneGap: Lessons learned". Adobe Systems. 2012-09-17. Retrieved 2013-02-17. "When you add more complex CSS3 elements, heavy transitions, and supporting multiple devices (such as iOS and Android), however, it makes you realize that there are few steps you must iron out to prevent hair loss"
- ^ "Using PhoneGap and the Sony Ericsson WebSDK to develop Android apps". Android and Me. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ "Attempt to implement PhoneGap on Windows Phone 7". Retrieved 24 Sept 2010.
- ^ "PhoneGap BlackBerry WebWorks (for BlackBerry OS 5.0 and 6.0)". Retrieved 31 Jan 2011.
- ^ "PhoneGap Build". Build.phonegap.com. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
- ^ PhoneGap supported features
Bibliography [edit]
- Gifford, Matt (October 22, 2012). PhoneGap Mobile Application Development Cookbook (1st ed.). Packt Publishing. p. 320. ISBN 978-1849518581.
- M. Wargo, John (June 11, 2012). PhoneGap Essentials: Building Cross-Platform Mobile Apps (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 384. ISBN 978-0321814296.
- Munro, Jamie (March 29, 2012). 20 Recipes for Programming PhoneGap: Cross-Platform Mobile Development for Android and iPhone (1st ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-4493-1954-0.
- Marinacci, Joshua (March 21, 2012). Building Mobile Applications with Java: Using the Google Web Toolkit and PhoneGap (1st ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-4493-0823-0.
- Lunny, Andrew (September 23, 2011). PhoneGap Beginner's Guide (1st ed.). Packt Publishing. p. 328. ISBN 1-84951-536-0.
- Ghatol, Rohit (November 14, 2011). Beginning PhoneGap: Mobile Web Framework for JavaScript and HTML5 (1st ed.). Apress. p. 700. ISBN 1-4302-3903-4.
- Myer, Thomas (December 13, 2011). Beginning PhoneGap (1st ed.). Wrox. p. 336. ISBN 1-118-15665-X.
