Phytotoxicity
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Phytotoxicity is a term used to describe the degree of toxic effect by a compound on plant growth[1]. Such damage may be caused by a wide variety of compounds, including trace metals, pesticides, salinity, phytotoxins or allelopathy.
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[edit] Phytotoxicity by fertilizers
[edit] Urea and urine
Phytotoxicity can occur in the application of too much urea either by urea toxicity or by the "ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease"[2]. (Ammonia is a fertiliser, in smaller quantities as a source of nitrogen.) Organic compost enables more effective uptake of nitrogen[citation needed] due to higher prevalence of aerobic microbial activity. Ammonia (NH3) can oxidize into ammonium salts (NH4+), bacteria can convert this into nitrites (NO2-)and nitrates (NO3-) and finally nitric acid (HNO3), which may be too acidic for the plant.[3]
[edit] Herbicides
Other Approaches This is also an important subject of study in the field of ecotoxicology. It has also been thought of as a means to control certain populations of plants
[edit] References
- ^ "Phytotoxicity - Pesticides". Province of British Columbia. 2007. http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/pesticides/e_10.htm.
- ^ Krogmeier, Michael J.; McCarty, Gregory W.; Bremner, John M. (1 November 1989). "Phytotoxicity of foliar-applied urea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86 (21): 8189–8191. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.21.8189. PMC 298245. PMID 16594077. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=298245.
- ^ Joseph Jenkins, Inc. Publications Message Board
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