Pinkerton (album)

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Pinkerton
A village in a mountainous landscape during night. A man with a conical hat and a cane, and a saddled horse can be seen in the foreground. At the top left corner of the image is written "Weezer", and at top right is "Pinkerton".
Studio album by Weezer
Released September 24, 1996
Recorded September 1995, January – June 1996 at Sound City, Los Angeles; Fort Apache Studios, Boston; Hollywood Sound Recorders, Los Angeles; Rumbo Recorders, Canoga Park; Electric Lady Studios, New York
Genre Alternative rock, emo[1][2]
Length 34:36
Label DGC
Producer Weezer
Weezer chronology
Weezer
(1994)		 Pinkerton
(1996)		 Weezer
(2001)
Singles from Pinkerton
  1. "El Scorcho"
    Released: 1996
  2. "The Good Life"
    Released: 1996
  3. "Pink Triangle"
    Released: May 20, 1997

Pinkerton is the second studio album by American alternative rock band Weezer, released on September 24, 1996. After finishing tours in promotion of their 1994 album Weezer, the band originally planned to record a space-themed rock opera entitled Songs from the Black Hole. However, this project was eventually abandoned and the group used some of the songs from the discarded album on Pinkerton. Much of the album was written while frontman Rivers Cuomo was studying at Harvard University, which influenced the themes addressed on the record.

The album was seen as a departure from the band's original power pop sound for a darker and more abrasive sound.[3][4] The album was certified gold in the United States in 2001.[5] As of August 2009, Pinkerton has amassed U.S. sales of 852,000.[6] It also went gold in Canada, with sales of over 50,000.[7] It was the last Weezer album to feature bassist Matt Sharp.

Contents

[edit] Background

Frontman Rivers Cuomo's struggles with rock and roll success influenced the writing of Pinkerton

After the multi-platinum success of their debut album Weezer, the band took a break from touring for the Christmas holidays in late December 1994.[8] Rivers Cuomo traveled to his home state of Connecticut and, using an eight-track recorder, began piecing together demo material for Weezer's next album. Cuomo's original concept for Weezer's second album was to be a space-themed rock opera, Songs from the Black Hole.[9] The album was intended to feature songs that flowed together seamlessly and end with a special coda that briefly revisited the major musical elements of the piece.[8] The band began demoing and working on Cuomo's concept through intermittent recording sessions in the spring and summer of 1995.[10] During this time, Cuomo, who was born with one leg shorter than the other, received leg surgery intended to lengthen his right leg. This would impact his songwriting for the album because he would be under the influence of painkillers.[11] Sometime during this period Cuomo applied to study at Harvard University with an application letter describing how disillusioned he was with the rock lifestyle.[12]

Ultimately, the Songs from the Black Hole album concept was dropped.[10] The album would instead feature songs composed before their first album (which had briefly been incorporated into the space-opera) as well as some new ones written while Cuomo was at Harvard.[9]

[edit] Recording process

After touring for their debut album wrapped up in August 1995, the band took a seven-day break. Just a few days before Cuomo was set to travel to study at Harvard University, the band gathered for two weeks of recording at Electric Lady Studios, the same studio where they recorded their debut.[13] Guitarist Brian Bell commented "We're going for the deeper, darker, more experimental stuff," but assured fans, "we'll always be the Weezer you know and love."[13] In these very early sessions, the band would attempt to record a "special coda" of several overlapping songs. It would be from these sessions that Songs from the Black Hole would come to fruition.[13] The songs "Why Bother?", "Getchoo", "No Other One", and "Tired of Sex" would be tracked.[14]

For the album, the band decided against hiring a producer. Cuomo felt it was "the best way for us to sound like ourselves is to record on our own."[15] The intention of the band was to make a raw record, which would better resemble the band's live sound.[16] The main goal was to achieve a big drum sound and abrasive guitar sounds. This was accomplished by connecting multiple distortion pedals.[16] At just under thirty-five minutes, Pinkerton was according to Cuomo, "short by design."[17] In recording the album over four respective sessions, the band would usually spend two days on rehearsals and then head into the studio to record the tracks.[17] To give the album a live feel, members of the band would record the vocals in tandem around three microphones.[17]

While Cuomo was at Harvard, his busy schedule left his fellow band members with copious amounts of free time. Cuomo himself, while at Harvard, would focus his attention on textbooks about music theory.[18] Various members of the band used this time to work on their respective side-projects.[19] Matt Sharp would work to promote his side-band The Rentals' debut album,[19] while Patrick Wilson and Brian Bell worked on material for their side-bands The Special Goodness and the Space Twins, respectively.[14][19] The band regrouped in January 1996, during Cuomo's winter break, for a two-week recording session at Sound City Studios in Van Nuys, California, with an intent on wrapping up the songs they had previously worked on at Electric Lady Studios from last August.[20] As well as recording new songs, "El Scorcho", and "Pink Triangle", before the band went their separate ways, once again, while Cuomo returned to Harvard. The other members of the band went back to work on their various projects.[20]

During a week-long break, in the spring of 1996, the band regrouped, once again, at Sound City Studios in Van Nuys, California to continue work on the album. During this break, the band recorded three new songs, "The Good Life", "Across the Sea", and "Falling for You", before Cuomo returned to Cambridge for the remaining weeks of his second semester at Harvard and his university finals.[21]

The band would put the finishing touches on the album in the early summer of 1996 in Los Angeles. During this time, Cuomo would be without a permanent L.A. residence and would stay at Le Parc Suites in West Hollywood. At this point, he would worry about the transition from the academic lifestyle to the rock lifestyle.[22] In the final Pinkerton session, two additional tracks, "I Swear It's True" and "Getting Up and Leaving" (originally written for the band's debut album but not recorded) were attempted and nearly finished, but were left incomplete just prior to the mixing process.[23]

[edit] Writing and composition

Much of the album's content was written by Rivers Cuomo while studying at Harvard. Cuomo strived to write from a more direct and personal standpoint.[24] The album touched upon various life experiences of Cuomo and included subjects like groupies, dysfunctional relationships, a fan letter, identity and former girlfriends.[17][25][26][27][28]

The inspiration for the lead single "El Scorcho" came from Cuomo's shyness and inability to say "hello" to a crush of his while at Harvard. Cuomo revealed that the song "is more about me, because at that point I hadn't even talked to the girl, I didn't really know much about her."[27] For the single, Cuomo refused to make any "Buddy Holly"-like videos explaining "I really don't want the songs to come across untainted this time around...I really want to communicate my feelings directly and because I was so careful in writing that way. I'd hate for the video to kinda misrepresent the song, or exaggerate certain aspects."[24] The final video featured the band playing in an assembly hall in Los Angeles, surrounded by light fixtures of diverse origin, flashing in time to the music.[27]

The song "Tired of Sex" was written on an 8-track, prior to the release of the The Blue Album.[29] Cuomo rants about meaningless groupie sex encounters, reciting his list of conquests, and wondering why true love eludes him.[17]

Three men in a recording studio. The screen is split in three parts, the left one showing the guitarist, the middle another guitarist, and the right one the drummer.
"The Good Life" music video

The second single from Pinkerton, "The Good Life", chronicles the rebirth of Cuomo after an identity crisis as an Ivy League loner. Cuomo, who had been isolated while at Harvard, wrote it after "becoming frustrated with that hermit's life I was leading, the ascetic life. And I think I was starting to become frustrated with my whole dream about purifying myself and trying to live like a monk or an intellectual and going to school and holding out for this perfect, ideal woman. And so I wrote the song. And I started to turn around and come back the other way."[26][27]

Another song, "Across the Sea" whose inspiration came from a letter he received from a Japanese fan during a lonely winter at Harvard university. Cuomo remarked: "When I got the letter, I fell in love with her. It was such a great letter. I was very lonely at the time, but at the same time I was very depressed that I would never meet her. Even if I did see her, she was probably some fourteen-year-old girl, who didn't speak English."[26]

The final single, "Pink Triangle", was released to radio on May 20, 1997. The song describes a man who falls in love and wants to get married, but soon discovers the object of his devotion is a lesbian.[28]

[edit] Themes

Pinkerton is named after the character B.F. Pinkerton from Puccini's opera Madama Butterfly.[30] Calling him an "asshole American sailor similar to a touring rock star", Cuomo felt the character was "the perfect symbol for the part of myself that I am trying to come to terms with on this album."[31] Other titles considered included "Playboy" and "Diving into the Wreck" (after a poem by Adrienne Rich).[31] Like the Puccini opera, the album references Japan, Japanese people, and Japanese culture from the perspective of an outsider who considers Japan fragile and sensual.[32] The album's lyrical themes infuse the Japanese allusions with its first-person narrator's romantic disappointments and sexual frustration, the latter at times visceral and graphic.[4] Due to the cohesion of the narrative themes, the album plays as a concept album about sexual longing and lost love, and because of its first-person voice, many consider Cuomo's songs autobiographical.[33][34][35] Cuomo has stated that "the 10 songs are sequenced in the order in which I wrote them (with two minor exceptions). So as a whole, the album kind of tells the story of my struggle with my inner Pinkerton."[36]

[edit] Artwork

A village in a mountainous landscape. A man with a conical hat and a cane, and a saddled horse can be seen in the foreground. Japanese characters are seen in the down left and top central parts of the image.
The artwork for Pinkerton is from an ukiyo-e print by Hiroshige.

The artwork on the album's cover is Kambara Yoru no Yuki ("Night Snow at Kambara"), print number 16 in Japanese ukiyo-e artist Hiroshige's popular 53 Stations of the Tōkaidō series.[37] There are other references to Japanese culture and Puccini as well: In some pressings, when viewed at an angle, the back of the album's jewel case has a vague image of a woman, perhaps a geisha.[38] A more direct reference to Puccini may be found around the edge of the CD. This is the written lyrics from Puccini's opera in their original Italian: "Everywhere in the world, the roving Yankee takes his pleasure and his profit, indifferent to all risks. He drops anchor at random..."[38]

Behind the album's CD tray is a map with the title "Isola della farfalla e penisola di cane." which is Italian for "Island of the Butterfly and Peninsula of Dog."[38] Also on the map are a ship named U.S.S. Pinkerton and "Mykel and Carli Island", an allusion to Weezer's fan club founders, as well as more references to Madame Butterfly (Sharpless, Cio Cio San Island).[38] In a 2005 appearance on The Howard Stern Show, Rivers Cuomo said that the names listed on the map are those who influenced him during the writing and recording of the album, with Howard Stern being one of those influences.[39] Other names include Yngwie Malmsteen, Brian Wilson, Lou Barlow, Joe Matt, Camille Paglia and Ace Frehley.[38][40]

[edit] Release

Geffen A&R rep Todd Sullivan described Pinkerton as a "very brave record,' but worried "what sort of light does this put the band in? I could have been interpreted as them being a disposable pop band.'"[28] The label overall was pleased with the record and felt "no one's going to be disappointed" with the album.[28]

The first music video was shot for "El Scorcho". The band would pass on a video treatment proposed by Spike Jonze, who had previously helped raise the band's status to platinum sales with the help of his "Buddy Holly" video. Cuomo wanted to take a straight approach to video making because he was against doing any big-budget videos since he felt the videos would "taint" his songs.[41] Mark Romanek, the director of the video would eventually quit the video after numerous verbal arguments with Cuomo, leaving Cuomo to edit the video himself.[41] The final video featured the band playing in an assembly hall in Los Angeles, surrounded by light fixtures of diverse origin, flashing in time to the music.[27] It debuted on MTV's program 120 Minutes and only received moderate airplay on the channel.[24]

Just as "El Scorcho" was gaining momentum on the radio, on MTV, and a day before the album was to be released for public sale on September 24, 1996, a restraining order was obtained against the band and Geffen by Encino, California-based security firm, Pinkerton's Inc. The company sued the band and Geffen for alleged federal trademark infringement, claiming that Weezer was trying to capitalize on the company's reputation.[42] Under the terms of the restraining order, which had Pinkerton's Inc seeking two million dollars in damages, Weezer would be kept from "selling, distributing, or advertising an album with the name Pinkerton."[43] Geffen spokesman Dennis Dennehy, defended the title stating "to Weezer, Pinkerton is a character in Puccini's opera Madame Butterfly... It was not meant to be aimed at any sort of corporate entity."[44] Cuomo wrote a six-page paper defending his choice of the title. He described what the papers entailed, it "explain[ed] why [he] chose it, and how it works for the album, and how it's essential."[45] Although a federal court hearing had been initially set for October 3, the seriousness of the legal and financial ramifications surrounding the album forced the case to be expedited to September 26. Due to the cover art which was akin to the Puccini's opera, the case was thrown out-of-court, after the judge dissolved the previous court order to have the CDs pulled after determining "that the hardship of not issuing the Pinkerton disc would be greater for Geffen than any hardship Pinkerton's Inc or its shareholders might incur from consumers who mistakenly presume the company has anything to do with the album."[45]

Noticing the commercial failure of the album, the band had to compromise to make the video more to the liking of MTV.[46] The music video for "The Good Life", was directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris, features a pizza delivery girl (played by Mary Lynn Rajskub) on her route, highlighting the monotony of her job. The music video is noted for its use of simultaneous camera angles appearing on screen as a fractured full image.[46] The video was rush-released by the record company to try to save the commercially-failing album, but was not successful.[47]

In October 1996, the band toured the Far East with concert appearances in Australia, New Zealand and Japan.[48] After wrapping up the tour of the Pacific Rim, the band flew home to Los Angeles. Patrick Wilson and Matt Sharp did a promotional appearance on the nationally syndicated radio show "Modern Rock Live", in an attempt to improve the album's standing on the U.S. album charts.[48] A few days later, on November 1, Weezer launched its tour of North America at the Ventura Theatre in Ventura, California.[48] On November 6, Weezer performed an acoustic set at Shorecrest High School in Seattle due to a contest won by a student.[47] A few of the songs performed at the acoustic set would later appear on the The Good Life EP.[49] The band would continue to tour up until just before Christmas. They wrapped up the tour with a performance at "The Palace" in Los Angeles.[50] Overall, the Pinkerton tour was largely successful, bringing the band to mid-size venues around the globe.[50]

In July 2009, Karl Koch, the webmaster for Weezer's website, revealed the band was preparing a deluxe edition of Pinkerton.[51] In January 2010, Koch stated the deluxe version would be released "before or by spring".[52] In April 2010, Brian Bell stated that the re-release will include: "more photographs, a really nice booklet, and, I believe, some unreleased tracks that were recorded during that time. [...] I hope to gain some new fans. That album has definitely taken on a life of its own and became more successful and more accepted. At the time, it wasn’t especially critically acclaimed. In fact, I think it was one of the worst records of the year by Rolling Stone that year, and then later it was hailed. That just goes to show the fickleness of the music business and industry. As an artist, you just have to do what you believe in at the time, whether it’s accepted or not. You just have to keep going with it."[53] The album was originally scheduled to be re-released on October 5, 2010, but the date was bumped to November 2.[54]

On November 20, 2010, the reissue of Pinkerton debuted at number six on the Billboard Catalog Albums chart[55] and re-entered the Billboard 200 at number 73.[56]

[edit] Reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source Rating
Metacritic (100/100) [57]
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 5/5 stars....[3]
Entertainment Weekly B [58]
Los Angeles Times 3/4 stars...[59]
Melody Maker (mixed)[60]
NME 7/10[61]
Pitchfork 10.0/10[62]
Q 4/5 stars....[63]
Rolling Stone 3/5 stars.... [64]
Rolling Stone 5/5 stars.... [65]
Spin (7/10) [66]

[edit] Initial

"Pinkerton" – which peaked at number 19 in the U.S. upon its release[67] – was unable to sell nearly as many copies as its multi-platinum predecessor, The Blue Album.[68] The album also received mixed reaction by critics on its release.[69][70] Jeff Gordinier of Entertainment Weekly criticized the band for bypassing Blue Album producer Ric Ocasek to handle the production duties alone and dismissed the album saying, "[Pinkerton] sounds like a collection of get-down party anthems for agoraphobics".[58] The album received heavy criticism – most notably by Rob O'Connor's review for Rolling Stone, who called the songwriting "juvenile" and described the song "Tired of Sex" as "aimless".[64] In addition to the negative review, the readers of the magazine named the album the third worst of 1996.[71] The reviewer from Melody Maker praised the music but advised the listener "to ignore the lyrics entirely."[72] However, it received praise from Pitchfork who proclaimed "Pinkerton takes a few listens to get into. Which is not to say that it won't rock your world. In fact, by listen number three, you're on the ground with pop spasms."[73] NME also praised the album saying, "by the time the affecting acoustic lament `Butterfly' wafts in like Big Star at a wildlife protection meeting, Pinkerton starts feeling like a truly moving album."[74]

In 2001, Cuomo told Entertainment Weekly:

It's a hideous record... It was such a hugely painful mistake that happened in front of hundreds of thousands of people and continues to happen on a grander and grander scale and just won't go away. It's like getting really drunk at a party and spilling your guts in front of everyone and feeling incredibly great and cathartic about it, and then waking up the next morning and realizing what a complete fool you made of yourself.[75]

The band also shied away from performing any songs from the album while on tour supporting Pinkerton's follow up the Green Album, "Tired of Sex" being the only song to make an appearance during the proper tour. Cuomo would also occasionally introduce a newer song as "El Scorcho" just to mock the crowd hoping to hear the tune.

Recently, however, Cuomo has started to warm up to the record. In early 2008 Cuomo stated "Pinkerton's great. It's super-deep, brave, and authentic. Listening to it, I can tell that I was really going for it when I wrote and recorded a lot of those songs."[76] The album was played in its entirety by the band several times in 2010, 2011, and 2012.

[edit] Retrospect

Despite its initial reception, Pinkerton has had enduring sales, and in later years, garnered much critical acclaim. Pinkerton has appeared on many "Best-of" lists and the re-release is one of few releases to achieve a perfect score on aggregate review website Metacritic.[57] In 2002, Rolling Stone readers voted it as the 16th greatest album of all-time.[77] It has received perfect scores from both Allmusic[3] and Tiny Mix Tapes with the latter calling it, "one of the best albums of the 20th Century."[4] In 2005, Spin Magazine named it number 61 in its list of the 100 best albums from 1985 to 2005.[78] In 2003, Pitchfork ranked the album number 53 for their list, "Top 100 Albums of the 1990s."[79] In 2004, Rolling Stone gave the album a new review, giving it five stars out of five and adding it to the Rolling Stone Hall of Fame.[65] Drowned in Sound has also highly praised the album and said of the album that, "this is the ultimate break-up album, the best unrequited love album and the greatest collection of confused emotions captured in the universe...EVER!"[80] It was ranked #76 on Guitar World's Top 100 Guitar Albums of All-Time.[81] Non-U.S. publications have acclaimed the album as well: New Zealand's The Movement placed it at number 12 on a list of "The 101 Best Albums of the 90s,"[82] and Pure Pop of Mexico ranked it number 21 on a list of "The 50 Best Albums of the 90s."[83] As of August 2009, Pinkerton has sold 852,000 copies,[6] and it is certified gold.[5]

[edit] Accolades

Since its release, Pinkerton has been featured heavily in various "must have" lists compiled by the music media. Some of the more prominent of these lists to feature Pinkerton are shown below; this information is adapted from AcclaimedMusic.net.[84]

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Magnet United States Top 60 Albums 1993–2003[85] 2003 #17
Spin 100 Greatest Albums, 1985–2005[78] 2005 #61
The Movement New Zealand The 101 Best Albums of the 90s[82] 2004 #12
Pitchfork United States Top 100 Albums of the 1990s[79] 2003 #53
Guitar World Top 100 Guitar Albums of All-Time[81] 2005 #76
Rolling Stone 100 Greatest Albums of the '90s 2010 #48
Alternative Press One of the 10 Essential Albums of 1996 ("Class Reunion of '96" issue) 2006

[edit] Legacy

Pinkerton was initially considered a critical and commercial failure; however, in the years following it would gain a much more positive reputation due to word-of-mouth over the Internet.[86][87] Eventually, the album would be considered among the band's best work, by both fans[88] and critics alike.[3][89] In addition, Pinkerton has been influential on alternative rock.[2][4][79]

Several bands which later became popular, including Manchester Orchestra[90], Yellowcard, Saves the Day, Taking Back Sunday, The Ataris, Thursday, the Used, The Brobecks and Dashboard Confessional, consider the album to be an influence on them.[2][91] As well as mainstream bands, several underground bands also consider the album to be an influence as well, including The Promise Ring,[92] The Long Goodbye, and David Leto of the indie rock band Rye Coalition, who called the album the "rocker's album of choice."[93]

[edit] Track listing

All songs written and composed by Rivers Cuomo. 

No. Title Length
1. "Tired of Sex"   3:01
2. "Getchoo"   2:52
3. "No Other One"   3:01
4. "Why Bother?"   2:08
5. "Across the Sea"   4:32
6. "The Good Life"   4:17
7. "El Scorcho"   4:03
8. "Pink Triangle"   3:58
9. "Falling for You"   3:47
10. "Butterfly"   2:53
Total length:
 34:36

[edit] Deluxe Edition

[edit] Sales chart positions

[edit] Album

Chart Peak position
U.S. Billboard 200 19[67]
Austria 41[95]
Canadian RPM Albums Chart 15[96]
New Zealand 11[97]
Norway 18[98]
Finland 35[99]
Sweden 4[100]

[edit] Singles

Year Song Peak positions
US Modern Rock
[101]		 Sweden
[102]		 Finland
[103]
1996 "El Scorcho" 19 10 18
1996 "The Good Life" 32 – –
1997 "Pink Triangle" – – –

[edit] Personnel

All information is derived from the booklet enclosed with the album.[38]
Weezer
Production
  • Joe Barresi– engineer
  • Billy Bowers– engineer
  • Jim Champagne – engineer
  • David Dominguez – engineer
  • Greg Fidelman – engineer
  • Dave Fridmann – engineer
  • Hiroshige – cover art
  • Rob Jacobs – engineer
  • Spike Jonze – photography
  • Adam Kasper – engineer
  • George Marino – mastering
  • Dan McLaughlin – engineer
  • Clif Norrell – engineer
  • Jack Joseph Puig – engineer, mixing
  • Jim Rondinelli – engineer
  • Janet Wolsborn – art assistant
  • Karl Koch - webmaster

[edit] References

  1. ^ Vozick-Levinson, Simon (November 3, 2010). "Pinkerton: Deluxe Edition (2010)". EW.com. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20437325,00.html. Retrieved 2011-04-06. 
  2. ^ a b c Montgomery, James. "Weezer Are The Most Important Band Of The Last 10 Years". MTV.com. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/bands/w/weezer/news_feature_102504. Retrieved 2011-04-06. 
  3. ^ a b c d Erlewine, Stephen. "Weezer: Pinkerton: Reviews". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r241030. Retrieved 2007-09-25. 
  4. ^ a b c d "Tiny Mix Tapes Reviews: Weezer — Pinkerton". Tiny Mix Tapes. Archived from the original on October 18, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071018131019/http://www.tinymixtapes.com/Weezer,631. Retrieved 2007-09-21. 
  5. ^ a b "Gold & Platinum". RIAA. http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Weezer&perPage=50. Retrieved 2007-03-08. 
  6. ^ a b Ayers, Michael D. (2009-08-21). "Weezer Filled With 'Raditude' This Fall". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/news/weezer-filled-with-raditude-this-fall-1004005573.story#/news/weezer-filled-with-raditude-this-fall-1004005573.story. Retrieved 2010-01-27. 
  7. ^ "Certification Results". Canadian Recording Industry Association. http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php. Retrieved 2009-07-07. 
  8. ^ a b Luerssen D., John. Rivers' Edge: The Weezer Story. ECW Press, 2004, ISBN 1-55022-619-3 p. 137
  9. ^ a b "Weezer Record History page 7". Weezer.com. http://www.weezer.com/info/recording/WeezRecHist7.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-19. 
  10. ^ a b Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 139
  11. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 148–149
  12. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 145
  13. ^ a b c Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 157
  14. ^ a b Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 158
  15. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 190
  16. ^ a b Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 191
  17. ^ a b c d e Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 192
  18. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 171
  19. ^ a b c Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 159
  20. ^ a b Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 176
  21. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 187
  22. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 188
  23. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 189
  24. ^ a b c Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 202
  25. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 193
  26. ^ a b c Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 194
  27. ^ a b c d e Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 195
  28. ^ a b c d Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 196
  29. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 105
  30. ^ Latimer, Lori. "Weezer: Pinkerton". Ink Blot Magazine. Archived from the original on September 5, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070905200135/http://www.inkblotmagazine.com/rev-archive/Weezer_Pinkerton.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-21. 
  31. ^ a b Cuomo, Rivers (December 2011). The Pinkerton Diaries. 
  32. ^ Honjo, Yuki. "Tracking down Cho-Cho-san". JapanReview.Net. http://japanreview.net/review_madame.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-21. 
  33. ^ "Pinkerton still swimming around five years later". The Michigan Daily. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071024135710/http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2001/03/06/Arts/Pinkerton.Still.Swimming.Around.Five.Years.Later-1409990.shtml. Retrieved 2007-09-24. 
  34. ^ Brown, Jake. "Weezer's Pinkerton: 10 Years Later". Glorious Noise. http://www.gloriousnoise.com/articles/2006/weezer_pinkterton_ten_years_la.php. Retrieved 2007-09-24. 
  35. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 177
  36. ^ "=W= Story". =W= Story. http://home.pacbell.net/wepeel/weezer101/weezer1.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-08. 
  37. ^ "Hiroshige: Evening Snow at Kambara (Kambara yoru no yuki)". The Amica Library. http://www.davidrumsey.com/amica/amico519412-46347.html#record. Retrieved 2007-09-21. 
  38. ^ a b c d e f (1996) Album notes for Pinkerton by Weezer. DGC Records.
  39. ^ "Monday, October 17, 2005: Show Rundown". Howard Stern.com. http://www.howardstern.com/rundown.hs?d=1129521600. Retrieved 2007-05-23. 
  40. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 215
  41. ^ a b Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 200
  42. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 203
  43. ^ Andrade, Dereck (September 24, 1996). "Pinkerton obtains temporary restraining order against major U.S. record company; suit alleges trademark infringement by Los Angeles-based Geffen Records". Business Wire. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Pinkerton+obtains+temporary+restraining+order+against+major+U.S....-a018707555. Retrieved 2007-09-24. 
  44. ^ Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 204
  45. ^ a b Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 205
  46. ^ a b Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 221
  47. ^ a b Luerssen D., John, 2004 p. 222
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