Piperales
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 Piper angustifolium from Koehler (1887)
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Piperales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger.
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[edit] Classification
[edit] APG system
In the APG II system, of 2003, this order is placed in the clade magnoliids and is circumscribed as follows:
order Piperales
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| The current composition and phylogeny of the Piperales.[1][2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This is an expansion from the APG system, of 1998, which used the same placement (in the magnoliids) but used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Aristolochiaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
Lactoridaceae is now no longer maintained; its sole genus Lactoris is placed in Aristolochiaceae.
[edit] Earlier systems
The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archychlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the Monochlamideae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. It used the circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Piperaceae
[edit] References
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 399–436. doi:. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/full/.
- ^ Soltis, P. S.; D. E. Soltis (2004). "The origin and diversification of Angiosperms". American Journal of Botany 91: 1614–1626. doi:. http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/91/10/1614.
