Pitheciidae
| Pitheciidae[1] Temporal range: Miocene to Present 23.03–0 Ma |
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| White-faced Saki (Pithecia pithecia) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorrhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Parvorder: | Platyrrhini |
| Family: | Pitheciidae Mivart, 1865 |
| Genera | |
The Pitheciidae are one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. Formerly they were included in the family Atelidae. The family includes the titis, saki monkeys and uakaris. Most species are native to the Amazonia region of Brazil, with some being found from Colombia in the north to Bolivia in the south.
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[edit] Characteristics
Pithecids are small to medium monkeys, ranging from 23 cm in head-body length, for the smaller titis, to 44-49 cm in the uakaris. They have medium to long fur, in a wide range of colors, often with contrasting patches, especially on the face.
They are diurnal and arboreal animals, found in tropical forests from low-lying swamp to mountain slopes. They are predominantly herbivorous, eating mostly fruit and seeds, although some species will also eat a small number of insects. Sakis and uakaris have a diastema between the canine and premolar teeth, but the titis, which have unusually small canines for New World monkeys, do not.[2] All species have the dental formula: 
Females give birth to a single young after a gestation period of between four to six months, depending on species. The uakaris and bearded sakis are polygamous, living in groups of 8-30 individuals. Each group has multiple males, which establish a dominance hierarchy amongst themselves. The titis and Pithecia sakis, by contrast, are monogamous and live in much smaller family groups.[2]
[edit] Classification
There are 43 currently recognized extant species of pithecid monkey, grouped into two subfamilies and four genera.[1][3] Seven extinct genera known from the fossil record are placed in the subfamily Pitheciinae and extending the age of the family to the Miocene.[4]
- Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris
- Subfamily Callicebinae
- Genus Callicebus
- White-eared Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) donacophilus
- Rio Beni Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) modestus
- Rio Mayo Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) oenanthe
- Ollala Brothers' Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) olallae
- White-coated Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) pallescens
- Baptista Lake Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) baptista
- Prince Bernhard's Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) bernhardi
- Brown Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) brunneus
- Ashy Black Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) cinerascens
- Hoffmanns's Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) hoffmannsi
- Red-bellied Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) moloch
- Barbara Brown's Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) barbarabrownae
- Coimbra Filho's Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) coimbrai
- Coastal Black-handed Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) melanochir
- Black-fronted Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) nigrifrons
- Atlantic Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) personatus
- Chestnut-bellied Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) caligatus
- Coppery Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) cupreus
- Madidi Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) aureipalatii
- White-tailed Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) discolor
- Hershkovitz's Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) dubius
- Ornate Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) ornatus
- Stephen Nash's Titi, Callicebus (Callicebus) stephennashi
- Lucifer Titi, Callicebus (Torquatus) lucifer
- Black Titi, Callicebus (Torquatus) lugens
- Colombian Black-handed Titi, Callicebus (Torquatus) medemi
- Rio Purus Titi, Callicebus (Torquatus) purinus
- Red-headed Titi, Callicebus (Torquatus) regulus
- Collared Titi, Callicebus (Torquatus) torquatus
- Genus Callicebus
- Subfamily Pitheciinae
- Genus Cacajao
- Black-headed Uakari, Cacajao melanocephalus
- Bald Uakari, Cacajao calvus
- Aracá Uakari, Cacajao ayresii*
- Neblina Uakari, Cacajao hosomi*
- Genus †Carlocebus
- †Carlocebus carmenensis
- †Carlocebus intermedius
- Genus †Cebupithecia
- †Cebupithecia sarmientoi
- Genus Chiropotes
- Black Bearded Saki, Chiropotes satanas
- Red-backed Bearded Saki, Chiropotes chiropotes
- Brown-backed Bearded Saki, Chiropotes israelita
- Uta Hick's Bearded Saki, Chiropotes utahickae
- White-nosed Saki, Chiropotes albinasus
- Genus †Homunculus
- †Homunculus patagonicus
- Genus †Nuciruptor
- †Nuciruptor rubricae
- Genus †Paralouatta
- †Paralouatta marianae
- Genus Pithecia
- White-faced Saki, Pithecia pithecia
- Monk Saki, Pithecia monachus
- Rio Tapajós Saki, Pithecia irrorata
- Equatorial Saki, Pithecia aequatorialis
- White-footed Saki, Pithecia albicans
- Genus †Proteropithecia
- †Proteropithecia neuquenensis
- Genus †Soriacebus
- †Soriacebus ameghinorum
- †Soriacebus adrianae
- Genus Cacajao
- Subfamily Callicebinae
*Newly described species.[3]
†Extinct taxa.
[edit] References
- ^ a b Groves, C. (2005). Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M, eds. ed. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 141–148. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3.
- ^ a b Macdonald, D., ed (1984). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 358–361. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
- ^ a b Boubli, J. P., M. N. F. Da Silva, M. V. Amado, T. Hrbek, F. B. Pontual, and I. P. Farias (2008). "A taxonomic reassessment of black uakari monkeys, Cacajao melanocephalus group, Humboldt (1811), with the description of two new species". International Journal of Primatology 29: 723–749. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9248-7.
- ^ The Paleobiology Database Pitheciidae entry accessed on 6 April 2010
[edit] External links
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Wikispecies has information related to: Pitheciidae |
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