Pleurotus pulmonarius
| Pleurotus pulmonarius | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Tricholomataceae |
| Genus: | Pleurotus |
| Species: | P. pulmonarius |
| Binomial name | |
| Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. 1872 |
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| Pleurotus pulmonarius | |
|---|---|
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gills on hymenium |
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cap is offset or convex |
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hymenium is decurrent |
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stipe is bare |
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spore print is white |
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ecology is saprotrophic |
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edibility: choice |
Pleurotus pulmonarius, commonly known as the Indian Oyster, Phoenix Mushroom, or the Lung Oyster, is a mushroom very similar to Pleurotus ostreatus, the pearl oyster, but with a few noticeable differences. The caps of pulmonarius are much paler and smaller than ostreatus and develops more of a stem. P. pulmonarius also prefers warmer weather than ostreatus and will appear later in the summer. Otherwise, the taste and cultivation of the two species is generally described as largely the same.[1] In North America, P. pulmonarius also closely resembles Pleurotus populinus, which is restricted to growing on aspen and cottonwood (genus Populus).[2]
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[edit] Natural habitat
P. pulmonarius is widespread in temperate and subtropical forests throughout the world. In the eastern United States, this species is generally found on hardwoods while in the west it is commonly found on conifers.[1]
[edit] Taxonomy
- 1821 First published as Agaricus pulmonarius by Fr.
- 1975 Disambiguated from Pleurotus sajor-caju by Pegler
[edit] Description
- Pileus: 5 — 20+ cm, convex, becoming broadly convex to flat
- Gills: Decurrent
- Spore Print: White to yellowish
- Stipe: Short and offset from the center of the cap
- Taste:
- Odor:
- Microscopic features: Spores white to yellowish to lavender-gray when dense, more or less cylindrical, 7.5–11 × 3–4 μm.[1]
[edit] Cultivation
P. pulmonarius is the most cultivated Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus) species in Europe and North America. The most popular varieties for cultivation are the warm weather varieties, often marketed by spawn manufacturers and cultivators under the incorrect name "Pleurotus sajor-caju". The real Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer is in fact a separate species of mushroom, which was returned to the genus Lentinus by Pegler (1975), and is now called Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fries.[1]
P. pulmonarius is commercially cultivated in New Zealand[3] to meet demand for Oyster mushrooms. The archetypal Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, cannot be imported into New Zealand due to perceived risks to their forestry industry.[4]
The cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius is very similar to how one would cultivate other types of Pleurotus species like P. ostreatus by transferring its spores to grain spawn and then transferring the spawn after the mycelium colonises it to substrates of straw, wood chips, sawdust, cardboard, coffee grounds, and other cellulose-based substrates.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d Stamets, Paul (2000). "Chapter 21: Growth Parameters for Gourmet and Medicinal Mushroom Species". Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms = [Shokuyo oyobi yakuyo kinoko no sabai] (3rd ed.). Berkeley, California, USA: Ten Speed Press. pp. 316-320. ISBN 978-1-58008-175-7.
- ^ Trudell, S.; Ammirati, J. (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 134–5. ISBN 0-88192-935-2.
- ^ "Pleurotus". Fungal Guide. New Zealand: Landcare Research. Pleurotus pulmonarius. http://fungalguide.landcareresearch.co.nz/WebForms/FG_Genus.aspx?Group=Pleurotus&pk=8296. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ Hall, Ian R. (April 2010). "Growing mushrooms: the commercial reality" (PDF). Lifestyle Farmer (Auckland, New Zealand: Rural Press): 42–45. http://www.trufflesandmushrooms.co.nz/April%20Lifestyle%20Farmer.pdf. Retrieved 26 January 2012. "... the grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cannot be imported into New Zealand because it could pose a risk to our forest industry."
[edit] External links
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