Pluot

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Pluots, apriums, apriplums, plumcots or pluclots are some of the hybrids between different Prunus species that are also called interspecific plums. Whereas plumcots and apriplums are first-generation hybrids between a plum parent (P. salicina[1]) and an apricot (P. armeniaca), pluots and apriums are later-generations.[2][3] Both names "plumcot" and "apriplum" have been used for trees derived from a plum seed parent, and are therefore equivalent.

A pluot varietal, "raspberry jewel", before (top) and after cutting

Plumcots and apriplums[edit]

Natural plumcots (also called apriplums) have been known for hundreds of years from regions of the world that grow both plums and apricots from seed.[4] The name plumcot was coined by Luther Burbank.[5] The plumcot (apriplum) tree is propagated asexually, primarily by grafting or budding.

Pluots[edit]

Pluots /ˈpluːɒt/ are later generations of complex hybrid between the Japanese plum, Prunus salicina (providing the greater amount of parentage), and the apricot, Prunus armeniaca.[6][7] The fruit's exterior has smooth skin closely resembling that of a plum. Pluots were developed in the late 20th century by Floyd Zaiger.[8]

Apriums[edit]

Rose apriums

Floyd Zaiger created the aprium, a hybrid cross between apricots and plums but more similar to apricots.[9] Apriums are complex plum-apricot hybrids that show primarily apricot traits and flavor.[2] Apriums resemble apricots on the outside. The flesh is usually dense and notable for its sweet taste due to a high content of fructose and other sugars.[7] Apriums are usually only available early in the fruit season, like apricots and unlike pluots, which include some very late-ripening varieties. Aprium trees grow quickly and are smaller compared to other common home-grown apricots. The fruit is gold, with red coloration. Semi-mature fruit is hard and does not ripen if picked before completely mature.[citation needed]

Varieties[edit]

Plumcot varieties[edit]

Splash Pluot

Plumcot varieties include:

  • Flavorosa: very sweet, medium-sized, flat round dark-purple fruit with red flesh, early ripening
  • Flavor Royal: very sweet, medium-sized, dark purple with crimson flesh, early ripening
  • Eagle Egg: very sweet, medium-sized, dark red with crimson flesh, early mid season
  • Amigo: rosy plum flavors with a hint of berry, red skin with red bleeding to yellow flesh, early mid season
  • Tropical Plumana: sugary tropical punch flavor, medium-sized, red over greenish yellow background with yellow flesh, early mid season
  • Crimson Sweet: sweet flavor, medium-sized, crimson skin with pinkish flesh, mid season
  • Dapple Jack: medium size with mottled pale green, red-spotted skin, red juicy flesh, late mid season
  • Sweet Treat: super sweet with hints of Thompson grape flavor, green, golden skin with yellow juicy flesh, late mid season
  • Flavor Queen: medium to large size, very juicy flesh, very sweet, golden yellow when fully ripe, late season
  • Flavor Grenade: large size, oblong shape with red blush on green background, crisp, refreshing pineapple and juicy apple flavor, late season
  • Summer Punch: medium to large size, very juicy flesh, very sweet with berry and melon undertones, late season
  • Tropical Sunrise: Yellow to orange color skin with red blush and orange flesh, sweet plum and apricot flavors
  • Flavor King: fruit punch flavor, medium size, with burgundy skin and red, super sweet, juicy flesh, late season
  • King Kong: very large size with black skin, plum-like flavor with hints of almond
  • Flavor Fall: large size, average flavor, red skin with yellow flesh, very late season

Pluot varieties[edit]

Flavorosa pluot
Dapple Dandy pluot
Splash pluot on tree

Pluot varieties include:[10]

  • Dapple Dandy: large size with mottled pale green to yellow, red-spotted skin, red or pink juicy flesh, firm flesh, moderately late ripening.
    • 'Dinosaur egg' is a trademarked name for Dapple Dandy variety.
  • Early Dapple: good flavor, medium-sized, mottled green over red skin with pink flesh, early ripening
  • Emerald Drop: medium to large size, green skin and yellow-orange flesh, moderately late ripening
  • Flavor Delight: medium-sized, fuchsia-honey colored skin with pink flesh, early ripening
  • Flavor Fall: large size, average flavor, red skin with yellow flesh, late ripening
  • Flavor Finale: medium to large size, purple-red skin with amber-red flesh, exceptional complex flavor, late ripening
  • Flavor Grenade: large size, oblong shape with red blush on green background, yellow juicy flesh, moderately late ripening
  • Flavor Heart: very large, black with a heart shape, and yellow flesh
  • Flavor Jewel: sweet flavor, heart shaped, red over yellow skin with yellow flesh
  • Flavor King: Fruit punch flavor, medium size, with burgundy skin and red super sweet juicy flesh, moderately late ripening, flesh is hard until fully ripe
  • Flavor Prince: large round and purple, with red flesh
  • Flavor Queen: medium to large size, very juicy flesh, very sweet, golden yellow when fully ripe, midseason
  • Flavor Rich: medium-sweet, large black round fruit with orange flesh
  • Flavor Royal: very sweet, medium-sized, dark purple with crimson flesh, very early ripening
  • Flavor Supreme: medium or large, greenish purple skin, juicy red flesh
  • Flavorich: large size, dark purple skin and firm, sweet, yellow-orange flesh, moderately late ripening
  • Flavorosa: very sweet, medium-sized, flat, round, dark-purple fruit with red flesh, very early ripening
  • Geo Pride: medium size, red-skin and yellow flesh, balanced acid-sugar, predominately sweet with unique plum/apricot flavor, moderately late ripening
  • Raspberry Jewel: medium, dark red skin, brilliant red, honey-sweet flesh[11]
  • Red Ray: medium, bright red with dense, sweet orange flesh
  • Splash: small to medium red-orange fruit, with very sweet orange flesh, midseason

Aprium varieties[edit]

Aprium varieties include:[12]

  • Cot-N-Candy : harvests in early to mid June, flesh is extra sweet and juicy, with a plummy aftertaste, size is 2.0 to 2.5 inches in radius on average, self-fruitful
  • Flavor Delight : resembles an apricot, but with a distinctive flavor and texture all its own, pleasant, lingering aftertaste, bigger crops if pollinized by any apricot
  • Tasty Rich Aprium: Very early harvests, in May. Light yellow-orange, firm, freestone. Flavor predominantly apricot, with pleasant aftertaste.

See also[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prunus pluot.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to apriums.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Zaiger Interspecifics". Dave Wilson Nursery. Retrieved 2021-02-20.
  2. ^ a b Chip Brantley (2009). The perfect fruit: good breeding, bad seeds, and the hunt for the elusive pluot (snippet view). New York: Bloomsbury, USA. ISBN 9781608191994.
  3. ^ Brantley, Chip (2009-08-19). "Plu-What? What's the difference between pluots and plumcots". Slate.
  4. ^ Okie, W.R. 2005. Spring satin plumcot. Journal of American Pomological Society. 59(3):119-124.abstract
  5. ^ J. Whitson; R. John; H.S. Williams, eds. (1914). "Chapter 7: How far can plant improvement go? The crossroads — where fact and theory seem to part". Luther Burbank: his methods and discoveries and their practical application. Vol. 1. Luther Burbank Press. pp. 211–244.
  6. ^ "Pluot". Oxford University Press. 1 January 2019. Archived from the original on January 22, 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  7. ^ a b Ingels, Chuck; et al. (2007). The Home Orchard: Growing Your Own Deciduous Fruit and Nut Trees. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. p. 33.
  8. ^ "Okie, W.R. 2005. Spring satin plumcot. Journal of American Pomological Society. 59(3):119-124".
  9. ^ Garcia, Janis (2018-05-25). "What are apriums and how do you eat them?". Daily Harvest Express. Retrieved 2020-09-26. Who is the mad genius who originally bred the aprium? Floyd Zaiger from Modesto California.
  10. ^ "Centers for Disease Control, Fruit of the month".
  11. ^ "theproduceguide.com listing for Raspberry Jewel pluot".
  12. ^ "aprium-facts from grownincalifornia.com".
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