Pluripotency
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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Totipotency , Oligopotency , Multipotency and Unipotency. (Discuss) |
Pluripotency is the ability of the human embryonic stem cell to differentiate or become almost any cell in the body.[1] Pluripotency in the broad sense refers to "having more than one potential outcome." In biological systems, this can refer either to cells or to biological compounds. From the Latin pluri for "many", and potent for "power, or capacity." A pluripotent cell can create all cell types except for extra embryonic tissue, unlike a totipotent cell, (tot=all), which can produce every cell type including extra embryonic tissue.
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[edit] Pluripotent (cell biology)
In cell biology, the definition of pluripotency has come to refer to a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm (interior stomach lining, gastrointestinal tract, the lungs), mesoderm (muscle, bone, blood, urogenital), or ectoderm (epidermal tissues and nervous system). Pluripotent stem cells can give rise to any fetal or adult cell type. However, alone they cannot develop into a fetal or adult animal because they lack the potential to contribute to extraembryonic tissue, such as the placenta.
In contrast to pluripotent stemcells, many progenitor cells are multipotent, i.e. they are capable of differentiating into a limited number of tissue types.
[edit] Pluripotent (biological compounds)
Pluripotency can also be used (albeit less commonly) to describe the ability of certain substances to produce several distinct biological responses.
For example, in immunology many cytokines are pluripotent, in that each of these compounds can activate specific behavior in some cell types and inhibit other behavior in other cell types. Interferon gamma represents an excellent example of pluripotency. In most somatic cells it inhibits growth and upregulates expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) antigens in a general anti-viral response. In B lymphocytes (B cells) it stimulates antibody class switching, and in Natural Killer (NK) cells this protein hormone stimulates maturation. In macrophages it activates intracellular killing.
Pluripotent cells have the ability to phagocytize bacterial cells and lyse red blood cells. Victims with the disease Typhoid Lymphoma have a defect in the beta nucleotide in the nucleus of the pluripotent cell. This causes the cell to lyse red blood cells, eventually leading to a death by suffocation due to the lack of oxygen in the blood. you can also put pluripotency stem cells in adults to make them llive longer.
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